Iikhompyutheni zekhompyutha ziyimpawu ebalulekileyo kuzo zonke iikhompyutha. Iiprojethi zekhompyutha zibonelela ngefowuni kunye neziphumo ezifakela kuyo ifowuni idinga ukunxibelelana neeripheriti kunye namanethiwekhi ekhompyutha. Iibhanki ezibaluleke kakhulu kwiikhomputha zisetyenziselwa ukuthungatha iikhompyutha.
IiPorts Physical
Ichwethi ingaba yimizimba okanye iyinqobo. Izixhobo zokunxibelelanisa izixhobo zendawo zivumela ukudibanisa iikhompyutha kwiikhomputha, ii-routers , iimodem kunye nezinye izixhobo zepheripher. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeechwep ezibonakalayo kwi-computer ye-hardware ye-computer ziquka:
- Amachwep e-Ethernet : Amanqaku oxilongo obunemibala yee- Ethernet
- Iikhompyutha ze-USB : Amacandelo oxhumo oluxubileyo lwee-USB
- Amanxweme angama-serili: Amanqaku okuxubile ajikeleze ukujikeleza kwezixhobo ze-serial
Izibuko kwi-Intanethi ye-Wireless
Nangona amanethiwekhi ekhompyutheni anamathele axhomekeke kwiichwepheko eziphathekayo kunye neencingo, amanethiwekhi angenazintambo azidingi. Iinqununu ze-Wi-Fi, umzekelo, sebenzisa iinombolo zeseshishini ezimele iifowuni zokubonisa izerediyo.
IPorts Protocol
Iipropathi ezintle ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye- Intanethi ye-Intanethi (IP) . Ezi zibuko zivumela izicelo zeekhompyutha ukuba zenze izabelo ze-hardware ngaphandle kokuphazamisana. Iikhomputha kunye nee-routers zilawula ngokuzenzekelayo ukuthutha kwendlela yezithuthi ezihamba ngeeports. Izixhobo zomlilo zomnxeba zongeza ukubonelela ukulawula ukuhamba kwetransti kwichwephethi nganye ebonakalayo ngenjongo yokukhusela.
Kwi-intanethi ye-IP, ezi zibuko ezibonakalayo zibalwa 0 ukuya ku-65535. Ngaphezulu, jonga Yintoni Inombolo yePort?
Iingxaki kunye neePorts kwi-Computer Networking
Amachwephelo angamaziko angayeka ukusebenza ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Izizathu zokungaphumeleli kwezibuko ziquka:
- Amandla enamandla (amacebo axhunyiwe kumandla kagesi)
- Umonakalo wamanzi
- Ukungaphumeleli kwangaphakathi
- Ukulimala okubangelwa zizikhonkwane ezivela kwizixhobo (ezibangelwa ngokufaka iimbambo ngamandla, okanye ngokuzama ukucoca uhlobo olungafanelekileyo lwekhefu kwichweba).
Ngaphandle komonakalo kwizikhonkwane, ukuhlolwa ngokwenyama kwehardware yechwethi akuyi kufumana nantoni na ephosakeleyo. Ukungaphumeleli kwefayile enye kwidivaysi ye-multiport (njenge- router network ) ayichaphazeli ukusebenza kwezinye iirhweba.
Isantya kunye nenqanaba leenkcukacha zesitofu senyama asinakunikwa kuphela ngokuhlolwa komzimba. Amanye amadivaysi e- Ethernet , umzekelo, asebenze kuma-100 Mbps , ngelixa ezinye zixhasa i- Gigabit Ethernet , kodwa isixhobo somzimba siyafana nazo zombini. Ngokufanayo, abanye abaxhamli be-USB basekela inguqulo ye-3.0 ngelixa abanye baxhasa kuphela ii-2.x okanye ngamanye ama-1.x.
Umngeni oqhelekileyo ngumntu ojongene namachweba angqalileyo ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi. Abahlaseli be-Intanethi bahlalutya rhoqo iipropathi zeewebhusayithi, ii-routers, nakwezinye iisango zethungelwano. I- firewall yenethwekhi inceda kakhulu ukulinda ezi hlaselo ngokunciphisa ukufikelela kumachwebeni ngokusekelwe kwinani labo. Ukuze kusebenze ngempumelelo, i-firewall ivame ukuba yinto engapheliyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uvimbele umzila umntu afuna ukuwuvumela. Izindlela zokuqwalasela imigaqo yokuba umlilo usetyenzise ukuqhutyelwa kwezithuthi njengoko kufana nemithetho yokuthumela iiprop ingaba nzima kakhulu kubabengeziprofesenti ukulawula.