Kwiinkonzo zekhomputha , iinombolo zeenombolo ziyinxalenye yolwazi olujongene nolwazi olusetyenziswayo ukuchonga abathumeli kunye nabamkeli bemilayezo. Zidibene ne- TCP / IP yokunxibelelana kwenethiwekhi kwaye ingacaciswa njengoluhlobo lokungeza kwidilesi ye - IP .
Amanani ombalo avumela izicelo ezahlukeneyo kwikhompyutyana enye ukwabelana ngezixhobo zonxibelelwano ngexesha elifanayo. Iirejista zenethiwekhi zasekhaya kunye nekhompyutheni yekhompyutha isebenza ngala machweba kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isekela ukuqwalasela izicwangciso zefowuni.
Qaphela: Amaziko okunxibelelanisa amaziko anikezelwe kwisofthiwe kwaye ahambelani namachwephelo angokwenyama ukuba amadivaysi othungelwano anokungena kwizixhobo.
Indlela amaNombolo ePort asebenza ngayo
Inombolo yeenombolo zihambelana nokunxibelelaniswa kwenethiwekhi . Kwi-network ye-TCP / IP, i-TCP kunye ne- UDP isebenzisa isethi yabo yeechwep ezisebenza kunye nee-IP zamakheli.
La manani aphathekayo asebenza njengandiso lwefoni. Njengokuba ifowuni yefowuni ingasebenzisa inamba yefowuni enkulu kwaye ibanike ngamnye umqeshwa inombolo yokwandisa (njenge x100, x101, njl.), Ngokunjalo ikhompyutha ingaba neyona dilesi enkulu kunye neeseti zeenombolo zokuhamba ukuphatha ukudibanisa okungenayo nokuphumayo .
Ngendlela efanayo enye inombolo yefowuni ingasetyenziselwa bonke abasebenzi ngaphakathi kwesi sakhiwo, enye idilesi ye-IP ingasetyenziselwa ukuthetha ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo emva komzila omnye; Idilesi ye-IP ichaza ikhompyutha ekuya kuyo kwaye inombolo yefowuni ichaza isicelo esithile sendawo yokuhlala.
Oku kuyinyaniso nokuba ngaba i-imeyile yesicelo, inkqubo yokudlulisa iifayile, isiphequluli sewebhu, njl. Xa umsebenzisi ecela iwebhusayithi kwi-browser yabo yewebhu, baxhulumana kwi-port 80 kwi- HTTP , ngoko ke idatha iya kubuyiselwa kwakhona ichweba kwaye iboniswe kwiprogram exhasa loo port (isiphequluli sewebhu).
Kuzo zombini i-TCP kunye ne-UDP, iinombolo zee-port ziqala ngo-0 kwaye ziya kufikelela kuma-65535. Amanani kumacandelo aphantsi azinikezelwe kwiiprotokholi eziqhelekileyo ze-intanethi njenge-port 25 kwi-SMTP kunye ne-port 21 ye- FTP .
Ukufumana ixabiso elithile elisetyenziswe kwizicelo ezithile, jonga uluhlu lwethu lweNombolo yeTCP kunye neDP Port Numbers . Ukuba ujongene nesofthiwe ye-Apple, jonga i-TCP kunye ne-UDP Izibuko ezisetyenziswe yi-Apple Software Products.
Xa Ungadinga Ukuthatha Isenzo Ngeenombolo zePort
Inombolo yeenombolo zicutshungulwa yi-hardware yenethwekhi kunye nesofthiwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Abasebenzisi abangaqhelekanga benethiwekhi abanakuboni kwaye akudingeki bathathe nayiphi na inyathelo ebandakanya ukusebenza kwabo.
Abantu banokuthi bahlangabezane neenombolo zeenethwekhi kwinethiwekhi kwiimeko ezithile:
- Abalawuli benethiwekhi bangadinga ukusetha ukuthunyelwa kweefama ukuvumela ukuba inani leenqwelo zeefowuni zeefayili ezithile zidlule kwi- firewall . Kwiiwebhsayithi zasekhaya, ii-router routs zixhasa ukuhanjiswa kwefowuni kwizikrini zabo zokucwangcisa.
- Abasebenzisi beeNkcukacha ngezinye iinkhathi kufuneka baxelele iinombolo zeefowuni kwikhowudi yabo, njengenkqubo yokwenza.
- I- URL yewebhusayithi ngezinye ifuna i-TCP ethile yefowuni inombolo ukuba ifakiwe. Umzekelo, i- http: // localhost: 8080 / isebenzisa i-TCP port 8080 kunokuba i-port engapheliyo 80. Kwakhona, oku kubonakala ngokubonakalayo kwiindawo zentuthuko yesofthiwe kunokuba zisetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo.
Izibuko ezivulekileyo nezivaliweyo
Abathandekayo benethiwekhi basoloko baxubusha inamba yefowuni esetyenzisiweyo njengento ebalulekileyo yokuhlaselwa kunye nokukhuselwa. Amaports angabalwa njengokuba evuliwe okanye avaliwe, apho izibuko ezivulekileyo zinezicelo ezihambelana nokulalela izicelo ezintsha zokuxhumeka kunye nezichweba ezivaliweyo.
Inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-network scan scan ifumana imilayezo yokuvavanya kwinqanaba ngalinye le-port ukukhetha ukuba yiziphi izibuko ezivuliwe. Abaqeqeshi benethiwekhi basebenzisa i-port scan njengesixhobo sokulinganisa ukuchasana kwabo kubahlaseli kwaye kaninzi bavala amanethiwekhi abo ngokuvala izibuko ezingabalulekanga. AbaHackers, nabo, basebenzisa ama-scan scan ukuze bahlole amanethiwekhi amathaya avulekile angase asebenziseke.
Umyalelo we- netstat kwi-Windows unokusetyenziswa ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokudibanisa kwe-TCP kunye ne-UDP.