Izilawuli zamandla zizinto eziqhelekileyo kwiisekethe ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-voltage constant, enezixhobo ezizinzileyo zinikezelwa kwi-electronics sensitive. Indlela abaqhuba ngayo iyinto efana neendidi ezininzi zee-analog, ukusetyenziswa ngendlela enengqiqo nangendlela entle yokuphendula ukulungiswa komgangatho kwizinga elifunayo.
I-Voltage Regulator Overview
Xa kudingeke ukuba kubekho umbane onokuthenjwa, othembekileyo, ulawulo lwe-voltage yi-go-to components. Abalawuli beerhasi bathabatha umbane wokufaka umbane kunye nokudala umbane olawulwayo olawulwayo ngaphandle kwanokuba umbane wokufakelwa kwinqanaba elingaxhomekiyo lombane okanye ngezinga elitshintshileyo lombane (ngokukhetha izixhobo zangaphandle zangaphandle). Ukulawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo komgangatho wamandla okuphuma kwamanzi kulawulwa ngamacandelo e-feedback, ezinye zilula njenge-diener diode ngelixa ezinye ziquka iingongoma zengxelo ezintle ezinokuphucula ukusebenza, ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye zongeza ezinye iimpawu ezifana nokwandisa umbane ophumayo ngaphezu kwethamo lokufaka umlawuli womoya.
Indlela yoLwazi lweeVatter Regulators Work
Ukugcina umbane osisigxina ngefayile engaziwayo kwaye inokuba yinto enomsindo (okanye ngaphezulu) idinga uphawu lwempendulo ukuze ukwazi ukuba yiziphi iinguqulelo ezifunekayo. Abalawuli abanobuchule basebenzisa umtshini wombane (mhlawumbi i-BJT okanye i-MOSFET kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba elisetyenzisiweyo) njengengqinano eguquguqukayo eziphatha njengesiqingatha sokuqala senethiwekhi yomhlukanisi wamandla. Isiphumo sokwahlukanisa i-voltage sisetyenziswe njengengxelo ekuqhubekeni ukutshintsha kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo ukuba kugcinwe umbane ophumayo rhoqo. Ngelishwa, ekubeni i-transistor iziphatha ngendlela yokuxhathisa ichitha amandla amaninzi ngokuyiguqulela ekutshiseni, kaninzi itshisa. Ekubeni amandla onke aguqulelwe ukushisa alingana nokulahla kwamandla phakathi kweqondo lokufakelwa kwamandla kunye nexesha lokuphuma kwamandla okwenziwa kwamandla, amandla angatshatyalaliswayo anokuhlala ephakamileyo kwaye afune iindleko ezilungileyo.
Olunye uhlobo lolawulo olusemgangathweni ngumlawuli we-shunt, njenge- diener diode . Esikhundleni sokusebenza njengoluhlu lwezinto ezichaseneyo njengoko umlawuli oqhelekileyo akwenzayo, umlawuli we-shunt unikeza indlela eya kummandla we-voltage excess (kunye nekhoyo) ukuhamba. Ngelishwa, olu hlobo lolawulo luhlala lucacile kunokuba lube luhlu oluthile lwamanqaku kwaye lusebenza kuphela xa kufuneka amandla amancinci kwaye anikezelwe.
Ukutshintshwa kweeVoltage Regulators Work
Umlawuli wokuguqula i-voltage usebenza kwinqununu ehlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kunezixhobo zokulawula umbane. Esikhundleni sokusebenza njengombane okanye i-sink yangoku ukubonelela ngokuqhubekayo, umlawuli wokuguqula ugcina amandla kumgangatho ochaziweyo kwaye usebenzisa ingxelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba izinga lokuhlawulwa ligcinwa kunye ne-ripple encinci ye-voltage. Le nqubo ivumela umlawuli wokuguqula ukuba usebenze ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba umlawuli ohambelana nokuguqula ngokuzenzekelayo (ngokunyanzeliswa okuncinci) kuphela xa isekethe yokugcina amandla efuna amandla amakhulu. Oku kunciphisa amandla onke aphelelwe yinkqubo ukuxhatshazwa kwe-transistor ngexesha lokutshintsha njengoko kuguqulwa ukusuka ekuqhubeni (ukunyaniseka okuphantsi) ukungaqhubi (ukunyaniseka kakhulu) kunye nezinye ilahleko zesekethe.
Ngokukhawuleza ukutshintsha komlawuli wokuguqula, amandla okugcina amandla angaphantsi afuna ukugcina umbane onqwenela umbane oku kuthetha ukuba izinto ezincinci zingasetyenziswa. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kukulahlekelwa ngempumelelo njengoko ixesha elide lisetyenziselwa ukuhamba phakathi kokuqhuba nokungahambisani nokuqhuba oko kuthetha ukuba amandla amaninzi alahlekile ngenxa yokufudumeza.
Olunye umphumo wecala lokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kukunyuka kwomsindo wekhompyutha owenziwe ngumlawuli wokuguqula. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezihlukeneyo zokuguqula, umlawuli wokuguqula anganciphisa i-voltage input (i-topology buck), unyuke umbane (ukukhulisa i-topology), okanye zombini unyuke okanye uphakamise umbane (ibhak--ost) njengoko kufuneka ukuba ugcine umbane ofunwayo ezenza ukuguqula izixhobo zikhethwa ngokukhethekileyo kwizicelo ezininzi ezibhejiswe ngebhetri ukususela ekubeni umlawuli wokutshintsha anganyusa okanye aphakamise umbane wefayile kwibhanthri njengoko ibhetri ibhubha. Oku kuvumela i-elektronike ukuba iqhubeke isebenze kakuhle ngaphaya kwendawo apho ibhetri inokunika ngokuthe ngqo umbane wesigqeba ukusebenza.