I-macOS: Yintoni na into entsha?

Amakati amakhulu kunye neendawo ezidumileyo: Imbali ye-macOS kunye ne-OS X

I-macOS igama elitsha le -system esebenzayo yase Unix eqhuba kwi-hardware ye-Mac, kuquka i-desktop neefowuni eziphathekayo. Kwaye ngeli gama igama elitsha, iimpawu kunye nekhono lomsebenzi we-Mac unomlando omde, njengoko uza kufunda apha.

I-Macintosh iqalile ubomi ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokusebenza eyaziwayo nje ngeStogram, ezivelise iinguqu ezivela kwiNkqubo 1 ukuya kwiNkqubo 7. Ngowe-1996, iNkqubo yabuyiselwa njenge-Mac OS 8, kunye neenguqu zokugqibela, i-Mac OS 9, ekhutshwa ngo-1999.

I-Apple yayidinga inkqubo yokusebenza yamhlanje ukuze ithathe indawo ye-Mac OS 9 kwaye ithathe i-Macintosh kwixesha elizayo , ngoko ngo-2001, i-Apple yakhulula i-OS X 10.0; I-Cheetah, njengoko yayidume kakhulu. I-OS X yayiyi-OS entsha, eyakhiwe kwi-kernel njenge-Unix, ebenokubangela ukuba i-multitasking, ikhunjulwe imemori kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza ekwazi ukukhula kunye ne-teknoloji entsha eyenziwa ngu-Apple.

Ngo-2016, i-Apple yatshintsha igama le-OS X kwi-macOS, ukubeka indawo engcono yegama lomsebenzi kunye nazo zonke iimveliso ze-Apple ( iOS , watchOS , kunye neTVOS ). Nangona igama liguqukile, i-MacOS igcina izimpande zayo ze Unix, kunye ne-interface yayo ekhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo.

Ukuba uye wazibuza ngembali ye-macOS, okanye xa izixhobo zongezwa okanye zisuswe, funda ukujonga emva ko-2001, xa i-OS X Cheetah isetyenzisiwe, kwaye ufunde ukuba yiyiphi inguqu elandelayo yenkqubo yokusebenza eyayizisa nayo.

01 ngo-14

i-MacOS High Sierra (10.13.x)

Umhla wokuqala wokukhululwa: Ngethuba elithile ekupheleni kwe-2017; okwangoku ku-beta .

Ixabiso: Ukukhuphela mahala (kufuna ukufikelela kwi-Mac App Store).

Injongo enkulu ephambili yeSierra yayikukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuzinza kwesikhulumi se-macOS. Kodwa oko akuzange kumise i-Apple ekongezeni iimpawu ezintsha kunye nophuculo kwinkqubo yokusebenza.

• APFS: I- Apple File System (APFS) ngokwenene ayikho entsha; okokuqala kufakwe kwi-MacOS Sierra. Yintoni eyenza ukufakwa kwayo kwi-MacOS ephezulu yaseSierra ibalulekileyo kukuba ngoku iifayile yefayile ye-APFS ayilungelekanga; ngaphambi koku, kwafunyanwa nje ngenye indlela. Nangona i-APFS ngoku iqhelekileyo, unako ukusebenzisa i-HFS yefayile yefayile, xa ufuna.
• I-HEVC: UkuPhakamisa okuPhakamileyo kweeNkcoding zeVideo (HEVC) ngumgangatho omtsha wokunciphisa owenza uxinzelelo olungcono lwezinga elimalunga no-H.264, ongasetyenziswayo kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili ze-macOS.
• Umnxeba wesi-2: Le teknoloji entsha yemifanekiso ivumela abaphuhlisi be-Mac ukuba bafikelele ngokuthe ngqo kwi-unit's processing units. Ukususa isidingo sokusebenzisa izalathisi zohlelo oluphakathi ukulawula imidwebo kufuneka bavumele abathuthukisi ukuba baphucule ngokugqithiseleyo ukusebenza kwezicelo ezinzulu-mifanekiso. Insimbi 2 ibuye ivumele i-GPU ukuba isetyenziswe ekufundeni umatshini wokukhawuleza, ukuvula amatsha amakhono kubaprogram kunye neenkqubo zabo zokusebenza. Yaye ukuba i-graphics yakho yangoku iphezulu, i-Metal 2 isekela amakhadi ahlukileyo angaphandle axhunywe nge-Thunderbolt 3.
• I-Safari: Isiqulathi sewebhu esingapheliyo, i-Safari ibona iteknoloji entsha isetyenziswe, kubandakanywa nokukhusela okuKhuselekileyo kokuKhusela ukukhusela ubumfihlo kwaye kukuvumela ukuba wenze ngokwezifiso ukuba ubumfihlo buyagxininiswa ngokubanzi kunye nesayithi-ngesayithi. Ukongeza, i-Safari izuza ukukwazi ukuvimba iividiyo ezidlala ngokuzenzekelayo, inqaku elincinane lomlingane kumandla alo okwangoku okuvimba ukuvakala komculo.
• Iifoto: Iifayili zifumana izixhobo ezitsha, kubandakanywa ibha yecala eqhubekayo, ukulungiswa kwee-Live Photos, kunye nesigaba esitsha seMemori ukulungiselela imifanekiso yakho. Kukho ukuphuculwa kombuso, izihlungi ezintsha, kunye nezixhobo ezintsha zokuhlela zeeKrele kunye nombala okhethiweyo.

02 we-14

i-MacOS Sierra (10.12.x)

Umhla wokuqala wokukhululwa: Septemba 20, 2016

Ixabiso: Ukukhuphela mahala (kufuna ukufikelela kwi-Mac App Store)

I-MacOS Sierra yayingowokuqala kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ze-macOS. Injongo ephambili yegama utshintsho ukusuka kwi-OS X ukuya kwi-MacOS kwakufuneka ukudibanisa intsapho ye-Apple yamashishini osebenzayo kwidibano enye: igama iOS, i-TVOS, i-watchOS, kwaye ngoku i-macOS. Ukongeza kwenguqu yenguqu, i- MacOS Sierra yazisa kunye nenani lezinto ezintsha kunye nokuhlaziywa kwiinkonzo ezikhoyo.

• I-Siri: I-Siri inokuba yindoda endala kubasebenzisi be-iOS, kodwa i- MacOS Sierra ngowokuqala uSiri uye wafaka iMac . Umncedisi onengqiqo ufumaneka kwi-Dock kunye ne-Bar Menu, nakwi-shortcutcut. Ngomsebenzi omncinci ngumsebenzisi, uSiri unako ukuphendula ngokuthe ngqo kwimilayezo yezwi ngaphandle kokuqala ukucela insiza yeSiri.
• I-APF: I-Apple ibandakanye i-preview yenkqubo entsha yeFayile yeFayile njengenxalenye ye-MacOS Sierra. I-APF ayizange iguqulwe ngokungagqibekanga, kwaye akukho zixhobo ngaphandle kweXesha elingasetyenziselwa ukusebenzisana nenkqubo entsha yefayili. Ngenxa yoko, abasebenzisi abambalwa be-Mac beyazi ukuba inkqubo yefayile yesimanje yafumaneka kwiinto zabo.
• Ubusuku bobusuku: Ubusuku bobusuku bongezwa kwi-MacOS Sierra kunye ne-10.12.4 ukukhululwa. Ilinganisa into efunyenweyo kwi-iOS evumela ukuba umboniso ukwandise ukukhanya okwesibhakabhaka ngokuhlwa. Ukunyuka kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhanya okuluphuzi, kukholelwa ukuba kunceda ubuthongo.
• Ukugcinwa okulungiselelwe: Lo mbandela omtsha we-MacOS ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise amatshini amancinci kodwa usenako ukufikelela kwixabiso elikhulu leenkcukacha. Ngokubambisana ne-iCloud Drive, ukugcinwa okulungiselelweyo kunokuhambisa ezinye zeengingqi zakho zendawo kwifu, kukuvumela ukuba ukhulule isikhala kwi-drive yakho. Idatha ehambileyo ibonakala ibonakala ikhona, kodwa xa ufuna ulwazi, ifunyanwa kwi-iCloud Drive yakho.
• Amathebhu Kuphi na indawo: Iinkqubo ezibandakanya ukuxhasa kwiifestile ezininzi zifumana inzuzo kwezo festile zifumaneka kwi-bar bar eyenziwe yinkqubo yokusebenza.
• I-Disk Utility: Lolu hlelo lokusebenza oluhloniphekileyo lubuyisela amandla okudala nokulawula i-RAID , i-feature elahlekileyo kwi-OS X El Capitan.

03 we-14

OS X El Capitan (10.11.x)

Umhla wokuqala wokukhululwa: Septemba 30, 2015

Ixabiso: Ukukhuphela mahala (kufuna ukufikelela kwi-Mac App Store)

Inkqubo yokugqibela ye-Mac yokusebenza inkqubo ukusebenzisa i-OS X yamagama, i- El Capitan ibone intuthuko ethile , kwakunye nokususwa kweminye impawu, ekhokelela kwisikhalazo kubasebenzisi abaninzi.

• Ukwahlula: I- Split View yazisa i-feature ye-iOS-ukukwazi ukubona iinkonzo ezimbini ze-screen full side-to Mac. I-Mac isekele iinkonzo zekrini ezipheleleyo ukususela kwi-OS X Lion, kodwa i-Split View ivelise amandla amasha kwisici.
• Iimpawu ezininzi zokuthinta: Nangona inkqubo yokusebenza ixhase iziganeko ezithintekayo ukususela kwi-Magic Mouse neMicrosoftpad, i-El Capitan izisa inkxaso ngokuthe ngqo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kuquka iMeyili neMilayezo.
• Iimephu: I-app yeMephu ibone ulwazi lwezothutho loluntu olongezelelweyo kwiimephu zesithili. Inkxaso yokuqala yayingagcinwa kumaziko amakhulu amakhulu, kodwa iimephu ezongezelelweyo zeendwendwe zongezwa ngokuhlaziywa okulandelayo.
• Disk Utility: Disk Utility yabona ukuhlaziywa okukhulu komsebenzisi, kubangele ukulahleka kwezinto ezininzi, kuquka ukukwazi ukudala nokuxhasa ii-RAID.
• Ukukhangisa: Injini yokukhangela yokukhanya yabona ukongezwa kwemozulu, isitokisi, iindaba, kunye neemidlalo zemidlalo njengento ekhangelwe.
• Inkqubo yoKhuselo lokuthembeka: I-SIP (Inkqubo yoKhuseleko lweNkqubo) yayiyinkalo entsha yokukhuselwa ebandakanywa kwi-OS. Nge-SIP, ezininzi iifayile zeenkqubo kunye neenkqubo azikwazi ukuguqulwa ezinye iifayile okanye iinkqubo, nokuba ngaba umsebenzisi unengcambu yokufikelela. I-SIP iyasebenza kakhulu ekukhuseleni inkqubo yokunciphisa, nge-malware okanye ngengozi.

04 we-14

OS X Yosemite (10.10.x)

Umhla wokuqala wokukhululwa: Oktobha 16, 2014

Ixabiso: Ukukhuphela mahala (kufuna ukufikelela kwi-Mac App Store)

I-OS X Yosemite yazisa kunye nokuhlaziywa okukhulu komsebenzisi. Nangona imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yesikhombisi-ndlela ihlala yinto efanayo, i-look it hasoverover, ithatha indawo ye-skeuomorph inxalenye yefilosofi ye-Mac yasekuqaleni, eyasebenzisa iziqulatho ezibonakalisa umsebenzi wangempela wento, kunye nesakhiwo esicacileyo somfanekiso esichaza Isixhobo esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esiboniswe kumadivayisi e-iOS. Ukongeza kwiinguqu kwiimpawu kunye namamenyu, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezikhanyayo zenzeke.

ULucida Grande, umgaqo-nkqubo ongagqibekanga, wenziwa ngu-Helvetica Neue, kunye neDock yalahleka i-3D glass shelf appearance, yatshatyalaliswa ngumxube we-2D.

• Ukuqhubela phambili kunye neHandoff: Yosemite yayiquka amandla okusebenza inkqubo yokudibanisa ne-iOS 8 okanye iifowuni zakamuva. Ngokusetyenziswa kweHandoff, inkonzo esebenzise i-Bluetooth LE kunye ne-Wi-Fi, abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa ii-Macs zabo ukubeka okanye baphendule iifowuni zee-iPhones zabo, kunye nokusebenzisa iPhones zabo ukusekela ii-hotspots, ukuvumela ii-Macs zidibanise kwi-iPhone yabo. isicwangciso sedatha. Ukuqhubela phambili kusetyenziswa iteknoloji efanayo ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba basebenze kwi-app kwisixhobo esisodwa, bathi i-iPad, kwaye uthabathe ngqo apho bayeke khona kwi-app elinganayo kwi-Mac yabo.
• Izaziso zezaziso: I-Izaziso zezaziso zongeze ukujonga kwintsuku namhlanje ebonisa izibuyekezo ezifike ngexesha, njengemimozulu, amasheya kunye neemeko zekhalenda.
• Iifoto: Yosemite 10.10.3 yabona i-iPhotos kunye ne-Aperture efakwe endaweni yoluhlu lwezithombe zolawulo lwezithombe. Ukuphunyezwa kokuqala kwee-Photos kwakungekho ezininzi iimpawu ze-iPhotos okanye i-Aperture apho abasebenzisi beze bathembela kuyo, kwaye babonwa njengenyathelo elibuyiselwa ngabaninzi. Ngexesha elide, iinguqulelo ezintsha zeeThala zaqwalasela ezininzi iinkxalabo zomsebenzisi.
• Imoya emnyama: Inkqubo entsha ekhethiweyo eyamisa ibha ye menu kunye neDock ngokuhambisana neendlela kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokusebenzisa imvelaphi emnyama.

05 we-14

OS X Mavericks (10.9.x)

Umhla wokuqala wokukhululwa: Oktobha 22, 2013

Ixabiso: Ukukhuphela mahala (kufuna ukufikelela kwi-Mac App Store)

I-OS X I-Mavericks ibonakalise ukuphela kokuqamba igama lomsebenzi emva kweekati ezinkulu; Kunoko, i-Apple isebenzisa amagama ase-California. I-Mavericks ibhekisela kwelinye leentlonelo ezinkulu zokusakaza amagagasi amakhulu aphethwe minyaka yonke ukusuka kunxweme yaseCalifornia, kufuphi nePillar Point, ngaphandle kwedolophu yaseHalf Moon Bay.

Utshintsho kwi-Mavericks lujolise ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokwandisa ubomi bhetri.

• Coalescing Ixesha: Le nkqubo iyanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU ngokuvumelanisa imisebenzi. Oku kwavumela ukuba i-CPU ihlale iqhuba imisebenzi xa ivukile, kwaye yavumela i-CPU ukulala ukuba ifike ixesha elide. Isiphumo sokuphela sasingaphantsi kokulala, ukusebenza komsebenzi jikelele ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwebhetri enciphise ngenxa yexesha elide lokulala kwi-CPU.
• I-Nap Nap: Ngaphambi kwe-App yeNap, ezinye izicelo ziqhutywe kodwa zingenzi naluphi na umsebenzi oncedo; umzekelo, ulinde ukufakelwa komsebenzisi kunokugcina abaqhubi beprojekthi, bechitha amandla kunye nokuvelisa ubushushu ngaphandle kwenzuzo yangempela. I-Nap Nap inokufaka iifolthi ngabanye ukulala xa bezingasebenzi, okanye ukuba iifestile kunye neebhokisi zengxoxo zifihliwe ezinye iifowuni kwiskrini.
• Inkumbulo egxininisekile: I-Mavericks yabona ukuqaliswa kwenkqubo yokulawula imemori entsha eyayikunceda ukukhusela i-disk paging, kwaye isebenzise kangcono imemori ekhoyo. Isiphumo sokuphela kukuba iMemori egxininisiweyo yandisa ukusebenza komsebenzi ngokusebenzisa kangcono indawo ye-RAM. Kwakhona kwaba nempembelelo yecala yokufuna ixabiso elincinci le-RAM ukwenza imisebenzi, ukwenza iMac enexabiso elincinci le-RAM elifakweyo lenza njengoko lalikho ngaphezu koko.
• ICloud Keychain: Abasebenzisi abavumelekileyo ukugcina iiphasiwedi, amagama abasebenzisi, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwe-ID ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-iCloud, bese usebenzisa ulwazi kwiyiphi na i-Apple devices.
• Iimephu: Isicelo seMaphu saziswa kwi-Mac, sichaza uhlelo lokusebenza lweMaphu olufumaneka kumadivayisi e-iOS.
• I-Safari: Injini entsha yeJava yasungulwa nge-Safari eyenza kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-Safari, ukubetha i-Chrome kunye ne-Firefox kwimisebenzi emininzi.
• I-Finder: I-Finder yongeze ikhonkco lomsebenzisi wesitayile, kwakunye neenkqubo ezintsha zokumakisha ukuhlela iifayile.

06 we-14

OS X Intaba yeNtaba (10.8.x)

Umhla wokuqala wokukhululwa: Julayi 25, 2012

Ixabiso: Ukukhuphela mahala (kufuna ukufikelela kwi-Mac App Store)

Inguqu yokugqibela yenkqubo yokusebenza eya kuthiwa emva kwekati enkulu, i- OS X Intaba ye-Lion iyaqhubeka nenjongo yokudibanisa imisebenzi eminingi ye-Mac kunye ne-iOS. Ukukunceda ukuzisa iinkonzo kunye, iNtaba yeNtaba iqamba kabusha iNcwadi yeeNxibelelwano kwiNxibelelwano, iCal kwiKhalenda, kwaye ithatha indawo ye-IChat neMilayezo. Ngokutshintsha kwegama lohlelo lokusebenza, iinguqulelo ezintsha zathola inkqubo elula yokuvumelanisa idatha phakathi kwamadivayisi e-Apple.

• Izaziso zezaziso: entsha kunye neNtaba yeNtaba, iZiko leNgcaciso linikezela indlela yokudibanisa yokufumana kunye nokulungiswa kwezilwanyana ezikhutshwe zizicelo kunye neenkonzo zewebhu.
• Amanqaku: Emva kwenxalenye yeeMeyili, amanqaku aphulwe njengenkqubo yakhe ehlukeneyo; oku kufanelana nokuphunyezwa kweManqaku kwi-iOS. Amanqaku ahlanganiswe kuwo onke amadivayisi ase-Apple asetyenziso.
• Imiyalezo: I-app entsha ye-Messages ithathe indawo yenkqubo ye-iChat ebonakalayo eyiyo eyiyo yesistim sokungagqibekanga kwizizukulwana zangaphambili ze-OS X. Imiyalezo isekelwe i-Apple iMessage protocol esebenzisa kumadivayisi e-iOS, kunye ne-XMPP (Jabber), AIM (AOL Instant Messaging) ), kunye ne-OSCAR, kunye nokuqhagamshelana ne-Yahoo! Umthunywa kunye neGoogle Talk.
• Iqela leMidlalo: Olunye uhlelo olutsha olwenza i-crossover kwi-iOS, i-Game Centre ikuvumela ukuba udlale ngokumelene nabanye abadlali beMidlalo yeeMidlalo, ugcine umkhondo wemilinganiselo kunye nempumelelo, kwaye ulandele ibhodi yeenkokeli kumdlalo ngamnye.
• I-AirPlay Mirroring: Lo mxholo omtsha wavumela ukuba umxholo wesiboniso sakho ubonakale kwisixhobo se-Apple TV kumnatha wakho wendawo.

07 we-14

OS X Lion (10.7.x)

Umhla wokuqala wokukhululwa: Julayi 20, 2011

Ixabiso: Ukukhuphela mahala (kufuna i-OS X Snow Leopard ukufikelela kwi-Mac App Store)

Inkunzi yayinguye yokuqala yenkqubo yokusebenza yeMac efumanekayo njengokukhuphela kwi-Mac App Store, kwaye idinga iMac eneprojekthi ye-Intel engama-64. Lo mqathango wawuthetha ukuba ezinye ze-Intel Macs zokuqala ezazisetyenziselwa iprojekthi ze-Intel ezingama-32 azikwazanga ukuhlaziywa kwi-OS X Lion. Ukongezelela, iNdumbana yawela inkxaso kaRosetta, isalathisi sokumisa esiyinxalenye yeenguqu zokuqala ze-OS X. I-Rosetta yavumela izicelo ezibhalwa kwi-PowerPC Macs (engeyiyo Intel) ukuqhuba kuma-Mac asebenzisa i-Intel processors.

I-OS X Inkunzi yayiyiyokuqala yenkqubo yokusebenza yeMac ukufaka izinto ezivela kwi-iOS; ukuguqulwa kwe-OS X kunye ne-iOS yaqala ngokukhutshwa. Enye yeenjongo zeNkunzi yayikuqala ukudala ukulingana phakathi kwee-OSes, ukwenzela ukuba umsebenzisi ahambe phakathi kwezi zibini ngaphandle kwezifundo zoqeqesho. Ukuququzelela oku, inani lezinto ezintsha kunye neefowuni zongezwa ukuba zixelisa indlela i-interface ye-iOS eyasebenza ngayo.

• I-Launchpad: Esi siqalisi esitsha sesicelo saqala kwaye siqhutywe njengesiqalisi sohlelo lokusebenza kwi-iOS. Ngenxa yokuba iLaunchpad yinkqubo, ayizange ithathe indawo yefowuni yeDock okanye yezicelo zefowuni ekhoyo; endaweni yoko, yanikela enye indlela yokuqalisa izicelo.
• Bhalisa iBhari: iOS isebenzisa ubugcisa obubizwa ngokuba yi-natural scrolling, kwaye i-OS X Lion ibandakanyeka njengendlela yokusilela engagqibekanga. Kubasebenzisi abaninzi beMac, umphumo wawudideka kakhulu, njengoko isalathisi esiphezulu sabuyiselwa. Ngombulelo, inkqubo yokukhethwa kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe indlela ofuna ukuyisebenzisa . Ukongeza kwi-scrolling yemvelo, imivalo ye-scrolls yaba yinto engabonakaliyo xa ingasetyenziswa. Oku kungatshintshwa kwindlela yokukhethwa kwenkqubo.
• Ukugcina ngokuzenzekelayo kunye neenguqulelo: Okutsha kunye ne-OS X Lion, Auto Save iifayile ezivumelekileyo ukugcina ngokuzenzekelayo amaxwebhu njengoko usebenza kuzo; Iingqinisiso zakuvumela ukuba ufumane ukuhlaziywa kwangaphambili kwexwebhu.
• Ulungelelwaniso lwendawo yendawo I-Randomization: Le nkqubo yokhuseleko inikezela iinkqubo zenkqubo kunye neenkcukacha kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo ngokukhethiweyo kwimemori. Oku kunokukunceda ukukhusela i-malware ekujoliseni indawo eyaziwayo ukuze uzijobelele kwi-app okanye inkonzo.
• Iifayile zeFayile 2: Ukuhlaziywa kweVeki yeFayile ukunikela nge-encry encryption ngokupheleleyo kwi-encryption yomsebenzisi.

08 we-14

OS X I-Leopard ye-Snow (10.6.x)

Umhla wokukhululwa wokuqala: Agasti 28, 2010

Ixabiso: i-$ 29 yomsebenzisi omnye; I-pack yeentsapho ezingama-49 (abasebenzisi aba-5); ziyafumaneka kwiCD / DVD

I-Leopard ye-Snow yayiyimpendulo yokugcina ye-OS enikezelwa kwimidiya yemvelo (iDVD). Yona inguhlobo endala ye-Mac yokusebenza ungasithenga ngqo kwi-Apple Store (i-$ 19.99).

I-Leopard yeqhwa icatshulwa njengendlela yokugqibela yeMic Mac yokusebenza. Emva kwe-Leopard ye-Snow, inkqubo yokusebenza yaqala ukufaka izibini kunye neengxenye ze-iOS ukuzisa iqonga elithile elifanayo kwi-Apple mobile (i-iPhone) kunye neeskripthi (Mac) iinkqubo.

I-Leopard ye-Snow iyinkqubo yokusebenza ye-64-bit, kodwa yinto yokugqibela ye-OS eyayixhasa abaprofeti be-32-bit, njenge-Intel's Core Solo kunye neCore Duo imigca eyayisetyenziswa kwi-Intel Macs yokuqala. I-Leopard ye-Snow yayiyeyona ndlela yokugcina ye-OS X engayisebenzisa i-Rosetta emulator ukuba isebenzise ii-apps ezibhalwa kwi-PowerPC Macs.

• I-Mac App Store: I-Leopard ye-Snow yayinguye yokuqala ye-OS yokufaka i- Mac App Store ekuthengeni, ukukhuphela, ukufaka, nokuhlaziya iinkqubo ze-Mac , kubandakanywa ne-Mac operating system. I-Mac App Store yongezwa ngokukhutshwa kwe-10.6.6.
• I-Finder: I-Finder yabhalwa kwakhona kwiCocoa ukuze incedise ukuphucula ukusebenza jikelele kwaye isebenzise iteknoloji entsha eyakhelwe kwinkqubo yokusebenza.
• Ukuxhaswa kwe-Multi-Touch: I-Leopard ye-Snow yayiyinkolelo yokuqala ye-OS eyayifaka inkxaso epheleleyo yokunxibelelana kwamanani amaninzi. Iinguqulelo zangaphambili ze-Macs ezineendlela ezininzi zokuthinta i-trackpads zancinciwe ngenani lezinto eziphathekayo ezixhasayo.
• I-OS Footprint: I-Leopard yeenyawo zeenyawo zancitshiswa zibe ngaphantsi kwe-7 GB ye-drive space.
• I-AppleTalk: Iprotocol yokuqala yokunxibelelana isebenzisa i-Apple engasasekelwa.
• Inkampu ye-Boot: Ikampu ye-Boot yakwazi ukufunda nokukopisha iifayile kwiimfuno ze-HFS +.

09 we-14

OS X Leopard (10.5.x)

Umhla wokuqala wokukhululwa: Oktobha 26, 2007

Ixabiso: i-$ 129 engasetyenziswanga: i-$ 199 ipakethe yeentsapho (abasebenzisi abahlanu): iyatholakala kwiCD / DVD

I-Leopard yayiyi-upgrade enkulu esuka kwi-Tiger, inguqulo yangaphambili ye-OS X. Ngokutsho kwe-Apple, iqulethe utshintsho olungaphezulu kwama-300 kunye nokuphucula. Uninzi lwaloo tshintsho, nangona kunjalo, lwaluyi-teknoloji engundoqo ekugqibeleni abasebenzisi abayikubona, nangona abaphuhlisi bekwazi ukusebenzisa.

Ukuqaliswa kwe- OS X i-Leopard yayiphuzile , ekuye kwacetywa kucetywa ukukhululwa konyaka wama-2006. Isizathu sokulibaziseka kwakukholelwa ukuba i-Apple idlulisa izixhobo kwi-iPhone, eyaboniswa kuluntu okokuqala ngethuba ngoJanuwari ka-2007, kwaye yathengiswa ngoJuni.

• Umatshini wexesha: Enye yezinto eziphambili kwiLebard yinto yokuqala yokufaka i- Time Machine , isistim yokugcina isisombululo esasilula ukusetha nokusetyenziswa, kwaye kulula ukufumana nokubuyisela iifayile nganye xa zifunwa.
• Inkampu ye-Boot: Nangona abasebenzisi babesele bexakeke ngeendlela zokuqhuba iWindows kwi-Intel-based hardware ye-Intel, i- Boot Camp yindlela yokuqala esemthethweni eyavunyelwa kwaye ikhuthazwe yi-Apple . I-Camp ye-Boot inike izixhobo zokwahlula umqhubi we-Mac yokuqalisa ukufaka umqulu we-Windows, kunye nabaqhubi abafunekayo ukuvumela iWindows ukuba isebenze ne-hardware ye-Mac.
• Izikhala: Vumela ukudalwa kweedktops ezibonakalayo, ngasinye siquka izicelo kunye neefestile ezisetyenziselwa imisebenzi ethile . Unokwenza isikhala sokusebenza nge-imeyile kunye nokukhangela i-web, enye yokudlala, kunye nesithathu kwimisebenzi yokuvelisa. Ubuncitshiswe nje ngawaphi "izikhala" onokuza nazo.
• Uqwalaselo olukhawulezayo : Inkonzo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi eyenza ukuba amaxwebhu aqaliswe ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuba aqalise izicelo ezibadala.
• I-Interface yomsebenzisi Iinguqu: I-Leopard yayiquka inani elincinci lomsebenzisi, utshintshile i-3D Dock kunye nebar evulekileyo yemenyu. Ikhonkco yokuqala ye-Apple kwimifanekiso kwibar yemenyu ithathelwe indawo yenguqulo emnyama.
• Isicelo sokusayina: I-Leopard yinguqulo yokuqala yohlelo lwe-Mac olutyikityo lokubhaliweyo loluntu ukuqinisekisa ukuba izicelo azizange zichithwe, okanye ukuba ukuhlaziywa kunjalo ngokwenene kuyinto efanayo kwaye akuyikho iqela le-malware eliqhayisa njengelinye.

10 we-14

OS X Tiger (10.4.x)

Umhla wokuqala wokukhululwa: Ngo-Apreli 29, 2005

Ixabiso: $ 129 engasebenziyo omnye; Iipaki ezingama-199 zeentsapho (abasebenzisi aba-5); ziyafumaneka kwiCD / DVD

I-OS X I-Tiger yinguqulo yenkqubo yokusebenza esebenzayo xa i-Intel Macs yokuqala ikhutshwa. Inguqu yasekuqaleni ye-Tiger kuphela isekela ama-macs asetyenzisiweyo aseMacrosoft asekudala; inguqu ekhethekileyo yeTiger (10.4.4) ifakwe kwi-Intel Macs. Oku kwakhokelela ekudidekeni phakathi kwabasebenzisi, abaninzi babo bazama ukubuyisela iTiger kwi-Intel iMacs yabo kuphela ukuba bafumane inguqu yokuqala ayayiyilayisha. Ngokufanayo, abasebenzisi be-PowerPC abathengisa iinguqu ezitshintshileyo zeTiger kwi-intanethi bafumanisa ukuba oko bakufumene ngokwenene kwakuyi-Intel ecacileyo inguqu efike ne-Mac yomntu.

Ukudideka okukhulu kweTiger kwakungaswanga kuze kube yilapho i-OS X Leopard ikhishwa; kwaquka i-binary yendalo yonke eyayingase isebenze kwi-PowerPC okanye kwi-Intel Macs.

• U-Rosetta: Olu luhlu lweenguqulelo olubandakanyiweyo ngeenguqulelo ze-OS X Tiger zivunyelwe ukuba zibhaliswe kwi-PowerPC pro processors ukuqhuba kwi-Intel Macs.
• Ukukhangeleka: Le teknoloji yokukhangela yokuqala ibonakale kwi-Tiger, ivumela ukuba i- Spotlight isetyenziswe ukukhangela zonke iintlobo zexwebhu ezikhoyo kwi-Mac. Ukwazisa kwakhona kwazisa ingcamango ye- Smart Folders , iifolda ezikhethekileyo eziqulathe ukuhlaziywa ngokusekelwe kwiifayile zokutshintshwa ngumsebenzisi. Oku kwavumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze iiFold Folders eziza kubakho, umzekelo, onke amaxwebhu asebenze ngayo ngeveki ephelileyo.
• IChat AV: Olu kongeza kwindlela yokuthumela imiyalezo ye-iChat ivumelekile kubantu abane ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwingqungquthela yevidiyo.
• Ideshibhodi: Indawo ekhethekileyo evumela ukuba iifayile zenziwe nge-HTML kuphela, i-CSS kunye neJavaScript ukuze isebenze. Ezi zixhobo zaziwa ngokuba ngamajethi, kwaye zacatshangwa njengokubuyisela kweeDisk Accessories, uhlobo lwesicelo esasiqhelekileyo kwi-Mac OS yangaphambili.
• I-Automator: Esi sixhobo script sasivumela abasebenzisi ukuba badibanise iinkonzo kunye neenkonzo ezihlala kwiMacs yazo, zivumela ukuba zenze i-automation workflow eyinkimbinkimbi nge-interface elula yokuyiqonda.
• I-64-bit Isikhundla somsebenzisi: I-Tiger ixhaswe ngabafundi be-32-bit kunye ne-64-bit pro processors. Ukongeza, i-Tiger inokuxhasa inkxaso ye-64-bit yolwazi yokusebenzisa isikhala, ukunyusa inani lememori elingabhekiswa ngqo.

11 we-14

OS X Panther (10.3.x)

Umhla wokuqala wokukhululwa: Oktobha 24, 2003

Ixabiso: $ 129 engasebenziyo omnye; Iipaki ezingama-199 zeentsapho (abasebenzisi aba-5); ziyafumaneka kwiCD / DVD

I-Panther yaqhubela phambili isithethe se-OS X eshicilelayo esinika ukuphucula ukusebenza komsebenzi. Oku kwenzeka njengabaphuhlisi be-Apple baqhubeka behlaziya nokuphucula ikhowudi esetyenzisiweyo kwinkqubo entsha yokusebenza.

I-Panther yaphawula kwakhona okokuqala i-OS X yaqala ukuyeka ukuxhaswa kumzekelo omdala wama-Mac, kuquka i-Beige G3 ne-Wall Street PowerBook G3. Iimodeli eziye zachithwa zonke i-Macintosh Toolbox i-ROM kwibhokisi yelogi. I-ROM yeBhokisi yeeLwimi iqulethe ikhowudi esetyenziselwa ukwenza iinkqubo ezithile zokuqala ezazisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwe-Mac. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, iROM yayisetyenziselwa ukulawula inkqubo yokuqalisa, umsebenzi ophantsi kwePherher ngoku ilawulwa yi-Open Firmware.

• I-Finder: I- Finder yasebenzisa isixhobo esibonakalayo esine-brushed-metal esabandakanyeka ibarbar yangasese eyenziwe ngokwezifiso. Ukongezelela, i-Finder yayiquka ukuxhasa ngokuthe ngqo ukukhupha nokufaka iifayile.
• Ukuguquka komsebenzisi ngokukhawuleza: Olu hlobo luvumele umsebenzisi ukuba angene ngaphakathi xa omnye umsebenzisi angene ngemvume kwaye wayethatha iMac.
• Exposé: Umphathi we window owavumela onke amafestile avulekileyo ukuba aboniswe njengezithonjana, ukuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba atshintshe ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwabo.

12 we-14

OS X Jaguar (10.2.x)

Umhla wokuqala wokukhululwa: Agasti 23, 2002

Ixabiso: $ 129 engasebenziyo omnye; Iipaki ezingama-199 zeentsapho (abasebenzisi aba-5); ziyafumaneka kwiCD / DVD

IJaguar enye yeenguqu zam intandokazi ze-OS X, nangona oko kungakho ngenxa yokuba uSteve Jobs wabiza igama ngexesha lokungeniswa kwalo: jag-u-waarrr. Le nto yayiyiyokuqala yokuqala ye-OS X apho igama elisekiti lisetyenziswe ngokusemthethweni. Ngaphambi kweJaguar, amagama ekati ayaziwa esidlangalaleni, kodwa i-Apple yayisoloko ibhekiselele kubo kwimpapasho yenguqu yenombolo.

I-OS X Jaguar ibandakanye inzuzo enkulu yokusebenza ngaphezu kwenguqu yangaphambili. Kuyaqondakala njengoko inkqubo ye-OS X isebenze kakuhle ngabaphuhlisi. IJaguar yabona ukuphucula okuphawulekayo kwimigangatho yokusebenza, ngenxa yokuba yayiquka abaqhubi abacwangcisiweyo be-ATI kunye ne-NVIDIA yee-graphics ze-AGP-based based cards.

• MPEG-4: Inkxaso ye standard MPEG-4 yenziwe kwiJaguar nge QuickTime.
• Incwadi Yobhaliso: Yiyo yokuqala yokubonakala kweNcwadi yeDilesi yokugcina ulwazi loqhagamshelwano.
• I-iTunes: Nangona i-iTunes yayifumaneka kwi-Mac ngaphambili, le yinto yokuqala yokuqala ye-OS X eyayiquka i-iTunes yohlelo lokusebenza.
• Inkwell: i-Inkwell inikezela ukubhalwa kwegama lokuzalwa ngesandla. Le teknoloji yaveliswa ngokutsha kwiNewton OS, kunye nomncedisi wedijithali wobomi be-digital.
• I-Rendezvous: Le protocol yenethiwekhi yavumela amadivaysi kwintanethi yendawo ukuba zifumene ezinye iifowuni, ukwenza ukucwangciswa kwenethiwekhi kuninzi inkqubo ye-plug-and-play. URendezvous wabizwa ngokuba nguBhlojour kwiinguqulelo ze-OS X.
• Uhambo: Inkqubo yefayile ye-HFS + ihlaziywe kunye nenkxaso yenkcazelo. Ukujikeleza ukunyaniseka kokwenene kwenkqubo yefayile, kunye neenkcukacha zokubuyisela idatha.
• Ukufikelela kwi-Universal: Le nto ifake iinkqubo ezizodwa zokufikelela kwi-Mac ukuvumela ukuba kube lula ukusetyenziswa ngabantu abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhubazeka ngokomzimba.
• I-CUPS: Inkqubo yeshini yokushicilela kwi-OS X yaphuculiswa ukuxhasa iCUPS (i-Common Unix Printing System System). Oku kwavumela ukhetho olongezelelweyo lwabasebenzisi be-Mac, kuba abaqhubi abafumanekayo lula bangasetyenziselwa endaweni yendawo eyenzelwe iMac.
• I-SMB (i-Samba): I-Jaguar yayiquka ukuxhaswa kwe-Samba, umncedisi womthombo ovulekile onokusebenza kunye nenkqubo yokunxibelelana kwe-SMB yeMicrosoft. Oku kwavumela ukusekwa lula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwefayili kunye nokwabelana kwiprinta phakathi kwama-Mac kunye ne-Windows PC.
• I-Mac evuya: IJaguar ibonakalise ukuphela kwe-Happy Mac, iskrini esikhombwayo esicacisiwe esikhombisa ubuso obomomothekayo. Endaweni yalo, uJaguar wasebenzisa inguqu ebomvu ye logo ye-Apple.

13 we-14

OS X Puma (10.1.x)

Umhla wokuqala wokukhululwa: Septemba 25, 2001

Ixabiso: $ 129; Ukuhlaziywa kwamahhala kubasebenzisi be-Cheetah; ziyafumaneka kwiCD / DVD

I-Puma yajongwa ngokukodwa njengendlela yokulungisa i-bug ye-OS X Cheetah yasekuqaleni eyayiphambi kwayo. I-Puma iphinde inikeze umsebenzi omncinci wenyuka. Mhlawumbi ininzi echazayo kukuba ukukhutshwa kwangaphambili kwe-Puma kwakungeyona inkqubo yokusebenza engapheliyo kwiikhompyutha ze-Macintosh; kunoko, iMac ixhaswe kwi-Mac OS 9.x. Abasebenzisi bangashintsha kwi-OS X Puma, ukuba bafuna.

Kwakungekwi-OS X 10.1.2 ukuba i-Apple ibeke i-Puma njengesistim sokusebenza esingagqibekanga seMacs entsha.

• Uncedo olungcono lweCD kunye neDVD: I-Finder kunye ne-iTunes zibandakanya inkxaso ecacileyo yokusebenza ngamaCD kunye neeDVD ; IiDVD zingadlala kwakhona kwi-Apple player player app.
• Abaqhubi beephrinta ezongezelelweyo: I-Apple ithi i-OS X Puma inebaqhubi abangaphezu kwama-200 abashicileli abakhona. Nangona kunjalo, ukushicilela kwakuyiyo ingxaki kunye ne-OS X entsha njengabavelisi abancinci ababandakanya inkxaso.
• Abaqhubi abatsha be-OpenGL: Abaqhubi abavulekileyo be-OpenGL baphucula ukusebenza kweemifanekiso, ngakumbi kwizinto ze-3D ezisebenzisiweyo kwi-interface yomsebenzisi kunye nezicelo.
• I-ColorSync: I- ColorSync ifake ulawulo lwemibala kwi-OS X , evumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahlalutye umbala obonwe kwiimbonakalo nakwizinto eziprintwayo.
• Ukuthathwa kwesithombe: Le nkonzo yongeziweyo yongezwa kwi-Puma ukuvumela imifanekiso esuka kwiikhamera zedijithali kunye neeskripthi ukuba ilandelwe kwi-Mac ngaphandle kokufuna i-app ekhethekileyo evela kubakhi bezithathu.

14 we-14

OS X Cheetah (10.0.x)

Umhla wokukhululwa wokuqala: Matshi 24, 2001

Ixabiso: $ 129; ziyafumaneka kwiCD / DVD

I-Cheetah yayisisikhululo sokuqala se-OS X, nangona kukho i-beta yoluntu yangaphambili ye-OS X ekhoyo. I-OS X yatshintsha kakhulu ukusuka kwi-Mac OS eyandulela i-Cheetah. Yayimela inkqubo entsha yokusebenza yendlela entsha eyahluke ngokupheleleyo kwi-OS yangaphambili eyanika amandla iMicintosh yasekuqaleni.

I-OS X yakhiwe kwikomkhulu efana ne Unix eyenziwe ngekhowudi eyenziwa yi-Apple, NeXTSTEP, BSD, kunye noMak. I-kernel (ngokusemthethweni i-kernel hybrid) isetyenziswe iMac 3 kunye neendidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-BSD, kubandakanywa intambo yenethiwekhi kunye nefayile yefayile. Ukudibanisa nekhowudi esuka kwi-NeXTSTEP (ene-Apple) kunye ne-Apple, inkqubo yokusebenza yaziwa ngokuba nguDarwin, kwaye yakhululwa njengesofthiwe evulekileyo yomthombo phantsi kwe-Apple Public Source License.

Amanqanaba aphakamileyo kwinkqubo yokusebenza, kubandakanywa nezikhokelo zeCocoa kunye neCarbon ezisetyenziselwa ngabaphuhlisi be-Apple ukwakha iifayili kunye neenkonzo, bahlala bengumthombo ovaliweyo.

I-Cheetah yayineengxaki ezimbalwa xa ikhutshwe, kubandakanywa nokutyekela ukuvelisa i-kernel panic kwi-hat of hat. Kubonakala ezininzi zeengxaki zivela kwinkqubo yokulawula imemori eyayimitsha entsha kwiDarwin kunye ne-OS X Cheetah. Ezinye iimpawu ezintsha ezifumaneka kwi-Cheetah ziquka:

• I-Dock: I-Dock yayiyi-launcher yesicelo eyenziwa njengebhanki ngaphantsi okanye kumacala omboniso. Iimpawu ezimele izicelo kunye namaxwebhu zingabanjwa (zenzeke) kwiDock, okwenza kube lula ukufikelela nokuvelisa.
• I-Terminal: I-App Terminal ivumelekile ukufikelela kwinkqubo yokusebenza yaseDarwin isebenzisa umgca wendlela yokulawula yomda. Kuze kube sekupheleni, iMac OS ingenye yeenkqubo ezincinane zokusebenza ezazingenayo inxibelelwano yomgca womyalelo okhoyo.
• I-imeyile: I-OS X ifike kumthengi we-imeyile .
• Multitasking Preemptive: Nangona i-Mac OS yayinakho ukuxhamla i-multitasking, isebenzise inkqubo yokubambisana, kunye nemisebenzi yenkqubo nganye ekufunayo, kwaye sinethemba lokunikezelwa, ukusebenzisa izibonelelo zenkqubo. Ukuxhoba i-multitasking kuqinisekisa ukufikelela kwinkqubo xa kuyimfuneko.
• U-Aqua UI: Umsebenzisi omtsha uqhagamshelwano lwama-Aqua. Ngexesha lokugqitywa kweCheta, uSteve Jobs ukhankanyile amaqhosha amathathu ephezulu kwiifestile ezininzi, esithi zichithe ixesha elide zenza ukuba zibukeke zintle kangangokuthi "zazikhohlakele."
• Ukuxhaswa kwe-PDF: Izicelo zakwazi ukuvelisa ii-PDF ngokusebenzisa iinkonzo zokuprinta ezakhiwe kwi-OS X.
• I-Quartz: Ekuqaleni, i-Apple ibhekise ekusebenziseni i-Post PostScript ukuqhuba imifanekiso yokubonisa ye-OS X; le ngcamango isekelwe kwindlela uNeXTSTEP eyenza ngayo ukusebenzisa i-PostScript kwimveliso yayo. Esikhundleni salokho, i-Apple yavelisa imbonakalo yayo yokunikezela iteknoloji eyaziwa ngokuthi yiQuartz, eyasetyenziselwa i-PostScript ukugcina iifayile eziphakathi kweefestile njengezi-model-PDF ezenziwe.
• I-AppleScript: I-OS X ifake ulwimi lwe-AppleScript oluye lwafakwa kwi-Mac ukususela kwi-System 7 (Mac OS).
• USherlock: Inkqubo yokukhangela yokufumana idatha ehlala kwi-Mac okanye kwiwebhu.
• Imemori ekhuselweyo: Izicelo zinikezelwa ngamagqabha eememori ezithintela insiza eyenza ukuba ikhompyutha yayo ikhumbule indawo yokukhunjulwa ukuba ikwazi ukungena kwezinye iindawo zememori ezisetyenziswe ezinye iinkonzo kunye neenkonzo zenkqubo.