Indlela yokudala izalathisi kwi Linux kunye ne "mkdir" Command

Esi sikhokelo siza kukubonisa indlela yokwakha ifolda emitsha okanye iirejista ngaphakathi kweLuxal usebenzisa umgca womyalelo.

Umyalelo oyisebenzisayo wokudala iirejista ngu mkdir. Eli nqaku libonisa indlela eyona ndlela yokudala iirejista kwiLinux kunye nokuhlanganisa zonke iitshintshi ezikhoyo.

Indlela yokudala iWindows Directory

Indlela elula yokwenza ulawulo olutsha lulandelayo:

mkdir

Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukudala ulawulo phantsi kwefowuni yakho ebizwa ngokuba yi-test, vula ifowuni yokugcina kwaye qinisekisa ukuba usekhompilini yakho yasekhaya (sebenzisa umyalelo cd ~ ).

vavdir

Ukutshintsha iiMvume zeNcwadi entsha

Emva kokudala ifolda entsha ungathanda ukubeka iimvume ukwenzela ukuba umsebenzisi othile angakwazi ukufikelela kwifolda okanye ukuze abanye abantu bahlele iifayile kwifolda kodwa abanye bafunde kuphela.

Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, ndakubonisa indlela yokudala ulawulo olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo. Ukuqalisa umyalelo we-ls kuza kukubonisa iimvume zale khowudi:

ls -t

Amathuba okuba uya kuba nenxalenye kule migca:

iqela lomnini-drwxr-xr-x 2 4096 Mar 9 19:34 vavanyo

Iimpawu esinomdla kuzo ngumnikazi we-drwxr-xr-x kunye neqela

Uthi uxela ukuba uvavanyo luyikhowudi.

Iimpawu zokuqala ezintathu emva kokuba ziyimvume yomnini kwirejista echazwe igama lomnini.

• r limela ukufunda
• Umele ukubhala
• x imele iyenze (apho kule nto ithetha ukuba unako ukufikelela kwifolda)

Amalungu amathathu alandelayo awamagunya eqela lefayile echazwe igama leqela. Kwakhona ukhetho luyi r, w, no x. I-ithetha ukuba kukho imvume engekhoyo. Kulo mzekelo ngasentla nawuphi na umntu weqela unokufikelela kwifolda kwaye afunde iifayile kodwa akakwazi ukubhala kwifolda.

Iimpawu zokugqibela ezintathu zineemvume bonke abasebenzisi abanakho kwaye njengokuba ubona kumzekelo ongentla zifana neemvume zeqela.

Ukutshintsha iimvume zefayile okanye ifolda ungasebenzisa umyalelo we- chmod . Umyalelo we-chmod kukuvumela ukuba ucacise iinombolo ezi-3 ezibeka iimvume.

• funda imvume = 4
• ubhale iimvume = 2
• ukwenza iimvume = 1

Ukufumana umxube weemvume ozongeza amanani kunye. Umzekelo wokufunda nokuqhuba iimvume inombolo oyifunayo ngu-5, ukuba ufunde kwaye ubhale iimvume ukuba inani li-6 kwaye ufumane ukubhala nokuqhuba iimvume inani le-3.

Khumbula ukuba kufuneka ucacise iinombolo ezi-3 njengenxalenye yomyalelo we-chmod. Inombolo yokuqala yimivume yemvume, inombolo yesibini yeemvume zeqela kunye nenombolo yokugqibela yowomntu wonke.

Umzekelo ukufumana iimvume ezipheleleyo kumnini, funda kwaye uyenze iimvume kwiqela kwaye akukho mvume yomnye umntu afaka oku okulandelayo:

vavanyo lwe-chmod 750

Ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha igama leqela elinayo ifolda sebenzisa umyalelo we-chgrp.

Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba ufuna ukudala ulawulo oluya kuthi bonke abagcini be-akhawunti kwiinkampani yakho banokufikelela.

Okokuqala, yenza iakhawunti yeqela ngokuthayipha oku kulandelayo:

akhawunti yeqela

Ukuba awunayo imvume efanelekileyo yokudala iqela ungadinga ukusebenzisa i-sudo ukuze ufumane amalungelo angaphezulu okanye utshintshe kwi-akhawunti kunye neemvume ezivumelekileyo usebenzisa umyalelo .

Ngoku ungatshintsha iqela kwifolda ngokuthayipha oku kulandelayo:

i-akhawunti ye-chgrp

Umzekelo:

vavanyo lwe-chgrp akhawunti

Ukunika umntu kwiqela leakhawunti ukufunda, ukubhala nokufezekisa ukufikelela kunye nomnini kodwa ufunde kuphela umntu onokunye ongayisebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:

vavanyo lwe-chmod 770

Ukongeza umsebenzisi kwiqela leakhawunti mhlawumbi ufuna ukusebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:

usernod -a -G akhawunti

Umyalelo ongentla ungenzela iqela leakhawunti kwiluhlu lwamacandelo asemibini umsebenzisi anokufikelela kuwo.

Indlela yokudala iWindows kwaye ibeke iimvume kwixesha elifanayo

Unokwenza i-directory kwaye usethe iimvume zeso siqinisekiso ngexesha elifanayo usebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:

mkdir-m777

Umyalelo ongentla uchaza ifolda leyo wonke umntu unokufikelela kuyo. Kuyinto engavumelekanga ukuba ufuna ukudala nantoni na le mvume.

Yakha Ifolda kunye Nawaphi na Abazali Okufunekayo

Cinga ukuba ufuna ukudala isakhiwo solawulo kodwa awufuni ukudala ifolda nganye kunye nendlela kwaye usebenze indlela yakho phantsi komthi.

Umzekelo, usenokudala iifolda zomculo wakho ngolu hlobo:

• / ikhaya / umculo / i-rock / alicecooper
• / ikhaya / umculo / ilanga / ukumkanikazi
• / ikhaya / umculo / rap / umdaka
• / ikhaya / umculo / jazz / louisjordan

Kuya kuba buhlungu ukuba kufuneka udale ifolda yerwala, kwaye usebenze kunye ne-queen queen kwaye udale ifolda ye-rap kunye ne-dr dre ifolda kunye nefayile ye-jazz kunye nefolda ye-louisjordan.

Ngokucacisa umtshintsho olulandelayo ungakha onke amafolda omzali kwi-fly if they are already exist.

mkdir -p

Umzekelo, ukudala enye yeefolda ezibhalwe ngasentla zama umyalelo olandelayo:

mkdir -p ~ / umculo / i-rock / alicecooper

Ukufumana ubungqina bokuthi I-Directory yenziwe

Ngokungagqibekanga, umyalelo we-mkdir awukuxeleli ukuba ulawulo oludalileyo luyilwe ngempumelelo. Ukuba akukho ziphoso ezibonakalayo ngoko unokucinga ukuba unayo.

Ukuba ufuna ukufumana imveliso engaphezulu ukuze ukwazi ukuba yintoni eyenziwe ukuyisebenzisa usebenzisa umtshintsho olandelayo.

mkdir -v

Imveliso iya kuba kunye nemigca ye- mkdir: idilesi ediweyo / umzila / ukuya / wegama lomnxeba .

Ukusebenzisa & # 34; mkdir & # 34; kwiSkripthi seShell

Ngamanye amaxesha uya kufuna ukusebenzisa umyalelo we "mkdir" njengenxalenye yeskripthi somqulu. Umzekelo, makhe sijonge kwiskripthi esamkela umendo. Xa iskripthi esenziwayo siya kudala ifolda kwaye ungeze ifayile enye yefayile ethi "hello".

#! / bin / bash

mkdir $ @

cd $ @

chu kumisa

Umgca wokuqala kufuneka ufakwe kuwo wonke umbhalo obhalayo kwaye usetyenziswe ukubonisa ukuba le nto iprogram yeBASH.

Umyalelo we "mkdir" usetyenziswa ukudala ifolda. I "$ @" ( eyaziwayo njengamaparitha okufakelwa ) ekupheleni komgca we-2 kunye ne-3 ithathelwe endaweni kunye nexabiso ochazayo xa usebenzisa le script.

Umyalelo we "cd" utshintshela kwirejista ocacileyo kwaye ekugqibeleni umyalelo wokuthintela udala ifayile engenanto ebizwa ngokuthi "hello".

Unokuzama ukuzibhala. Ukwenza njalo landela le miyalelo:

1. Vula ifowuni yokuphela (cima Alt kunye neT kufuneka uyenze)
2. Faka nano createhellodirectory.sh
3. Thayipha kwimimiselo engentla kumhleli
4. Gcina ifayile ngokucinezela i-CTRL kunye ne-O ngexesha elinye
5. Phuma efayili ngokucinezela i-CTRL kunye ne-X ngexesha elinye
6. Shintsha iimvume ngokuthayipha i- chmod + x createhellodirectory.sh
7. Qalisa iskripthi ngokuthayipha ./createhellodirectory.sh uvavanyo

Xa uqhuba iskripthi ulawulo olubizwa ngokuthi "vavanyo" luya kudalwa kwaye xa utshintshela kwilawuncwadi ( ukuhlolwa kwecd) kwaye usebenze uluhlu lwemibhalo ( ls), uza kubona ifayile enye ebizwa ngokuthi "hello".

Okwangoku kulungile kodwa ngoku uzama ukuqhuba isinyathelo se-7 kwakhona.

1. Impazamo iya kubonakala ichaza ukuba ifolda isele ikhona.

Kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo esinokuzenza ukuphucula umxholo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ifolda ikhona kakade asiyikhathalele ngokukhawuleza xa ikhona.

#! / bin / bash

mkdir -p $ @

cd $ @

chu kumisa

Ukuba ucacisa -p njengenxalenye yomyalelo we-mkdir ngoko ayiyi kuphinda iphosakele ukuba ifolda ikhona kakade kodwa ukuba ayikho iya kuyidala.

Njengoko kwenzeke umyalelo wokuthintela uza kudala ifayile ukuba ayikho kodwa ukuba ikhona iyalungisa umhla wokugqibela ofikelelekileyo.

Khawucinge ngeso sithuba sokuthintela kwisitatimende sokubhaliweyo sitshintshi isicatshulwa sokubhala esibhala ifayile kwifayile elandelayo:

#! / bin / bash

mkdir -p $ @

cd $ @

phendula "nceda" >> ulo

Ukuba uqhuba umyalelo "./createhellodirectory.sh uvavanyo" ngokuphindaphindiweyo isiphumo siya kuba ifayile ebizwa ngokuthi "hello" kwinqununu yokuhlola iya kukhula ikhudlwana kwaye ikhudlwana ngemigqa engaphezulu nangaphezulu kunye negama elithi "bonisi" kuyo.

Ngoku, oku kungenako okanye kungabi nanjongo kodwa makhe sithethe ngoku ukuba le nto ayifuni isenzo esifanelekileyo. Ungabhala uvavanyo ukuze uqinisekise ukuba ulawulo alukho phambi kokuba usebenze umyalelo we-echo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

#! / bin / bash

mkdir $ @ 2> / dev / null;

ukuba [i $? -eq 0]; ngoko

cd $ @

phendula "nceda" >> ulo

Phuma

fi

Inkcazo engentla yindlela yam ekhethiweyo yokusingatha ukudalwa kweefolda. Umyalelo we-mkdir udala ifolda eyadluliselwa njengeparitha yongeniso kodwa nayiphina impazamo yephutha ithunyelwa kwi / dev / null (oko kungabikho ndawo).

Umgca wesithathu uhlola imeko yokuphuma komyalelo wangaphambili ongumxholo we "mkdir" kwaye ukuba uyaphumelela uya kwenza i ingxelo ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe ingxelo "fi".

Oku kuthetha ukuba unokwenza ifolda kwaye wenze zonke izinto ozifunayo ukuba umyalelo uphumelele. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza enye into ukuba umyalelo awuphumelelanga ke ungangena enye inkcazo ngale ndlela:

#! / bin / bash

mkdir $ @ 2> / dev / null;

ukuba [i $? -eq 0]; ngoko
cd $ @
phendula "nceda" >> ulo
Phuma
enye
cd $ @
phendula "u-hello"> mnumzane
Phuma
fi

Esi sichazwe ngasentla ukuba isitatimende se-mkdir sisebenza ke isitatimende se-echo sithumela igama "hello" ekugqibeleni kwefayile ebizwa ngokuthi "hello" nangona ingekho i fayile entsha iya kudalwa ngokuthi "hello" negama elithi " bonayo "kuyo.

Lo mzekelo awunakwenzeka ngokukodwa kuba unokufikelela kwiziphumo ezifanayo ngokuhlala uqhuba i- echo "hello"> umgca wemoya . Ingongoma yomzekelo kukubonisa ukuba unokugijima umyalelo we "mkdir", ukufihla umphumo wephutha, khangela ubungakanani bomyalelo ukuba ubone ukuba uphumelele okanye awuyi kwenza umyalelo owodwa xa umthetho "mkdir" yaphumelela kwaye enye imimiselo yemiyalelo ukuba kwakungekho.