Uninzi lwezobuchwepheshe bokhuseleko lweemoto alukhathaleli ukuba uneminyaka engakanani, nokuba unkulu okanye umncinci, okanye nayiphi na into ngawe, ngokwenene. Zisebenza, okanye azinjalo, kodwa iimeko ezininzi zinokuba nefuthe elihle kakhulu kulondolozo lobomi bakho okanye ukunciphisa ubunzima bokulimala xa kwenzeka ingozi. Olunye ubuchwepheshe bezokhuseleko, njengama- airbags wendabuko , ngokwenene luyingozi kubantwana, nangona kunjalo, nabanye, njengama-Lower Anchors kunye neTethers for Children (LATCH) zenzelwe ukuba zenze iimoto ezikhuselekileyo kubagibeli babantwana. Kule teknoloji yezokhuseleko ezibalulekileyo, iimpawu kunye neenkqubo kubantwana, ezinye, njengeLATCH, ziye zixhobo eziqhelekileyo ixesha elithile, ngoko kufuneka ube nexhala ngabo xa uthenge imoto esetyenziswayo. Ubuninzi bezobuchwepheshe obutsha bufumaneka kuphela kwizinto ezithile kunye nemodeli, nangona kunjalo, kusenokuba kunyanzelekile ukukhangela iimpawu zokhuseleko olufanelekileyo nangona kuthengwa imoto entsha yemoto.
Ukugcina abantwana Abakhuselekileyo kwiNdlela
Ukhuseleko lwabantwana luye lwaba lude ukusuka kwiintsuku apho izibhanki zokuhlala zixhobo ezikhethiweyo, okanye zifumaneka kuphela kwi-postmarket, kodwa kusekho indlela ende yokuhamba. Ezinye zezona zixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokukhusela iikhompyutheni kunye nezixhobo ngoku zixhobo eziqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iinqwelo ezintsha zokuhamba kunye namaloli, ngelixa ezinye zifumaneka kuphela njengezixhobo zokuzikhethela okanye kwiipakethi eziphuculweyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, into ebaluleke kakhulu into ongayenza ukuze ukhusele umntwana kwisithuthi sakho, ngaphandle kokuziqhuba ngendlela ekhuselekileyo yokuqhuba umkhondo, kukulandela i-letter yomthetho ngokubhekiselele apho umntwana ehleli khona kunye nokuzithintela ezisetyenziswayo.
Nangona umthetho uhlukile kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye, ngokwe-IIHS, wonke urhulumente, kunye neSithili sase-Columbia, eUnited States inomthetho othile wokuhlala komntwana. Ungaqwalasela umyalelo wakho okhuselekileyo, kodwa umgaqo jikelele wezithupha uqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-13 bahlala kwisihlalo sokugqibela kwaye izihlalo ezifanelekileyo zeemoto kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ziyasetyenziswa. Eminye imithetho isasebenza nakwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-16, kodwa umba wokwenene, ngokubhekiselele ekukhuselweni kwemoto, uhambelana nokuphakama nokulingana komntwana, ngoko abanye abantwana banokukhwela ngokukhuselekileyo kwisihlalo sangaphambili ngaphambili, ngelixa abantu abadala zifuna ubuchwepheshe obongezelelweyo bokukhusela njengama- airbags ahlakaniphile .
Ubaluleka beLATCH
Izibambiso zokubamba kwebhanti zizinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo zokukhusela ngaphandle, kodwa abahlali behlala kakuhle kakuhle nabantwana. Yingakho abantwana abancinci kufuneka bakhwele kwiihlalo zeemoto ezikhethekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukufaka. Ukususela ngo-2002, zonke izithuthi ezitsha zifikelelwe zixhobo ezikhuselekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Lower Anchors kunye ne-Tethers for Children, okanye i-LATCH efutshane. Le nkqubo isenza ngokukhawuleza, kulula, kunye nokukhuseleka ukufaka izihlalo zokhuseleko zabantwana ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iibhanti zokuhlala.
Ukuba uthenge isithuthi esakhiwe ukuthengiswa eUnited States okanye emva konyaka ka-2002, iya kubandakanya inkqubo ye-LATCH. Ukuba uthenge imoto esetyenzisiweyo, kufuneka uxhomekeke kwiibhanti zokuhlala ukufaka izihlalo zeemoto kunye nezixhobo zokukhuthaza.
Izibhande zeSihlalo kunye nezingane
Ibhande lebhola liyimfuneko yokhuseleko efunekayo kuzo zonke iinqwelo ezimashumi eminyaka, kodwa izifundo zibonise ukuba amabhande asegxeni, ngokubambisana neebhanti zentambo, anika ukhuselo olukhulu kunamabhanti ekhanda. Oku kuyinyaniso kubantwana nakubantu abadala, kodwa imbalwa kakhulu izithuthi zibandakanya amabhande asepileni emagxeni angemva kwexesha la kutshanje. Ukususela ekubeni abantwana abaselula kufuneka bahlala esihlalweni sokugqibela, nangona xa usebenzisa i-booster okanye xa bephakame ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangasebenzisi i-booster, oko kuthetha ukuba kaninzi abanalo inzuzo yokhuseleko olongezelelweyo eyongezwa ngobunzima bebhande. Izithuthi ezintsha eziveliswe emva konyaka ka-2007 zifuneka ukuba zibandakanye zombini kunye neebhanti kwiipati zabo zangasemva, enokufuna ukugcina engqondweni xa uthengela imoto esetyenziswayo.
Ukongezelela nokuba ingaba isithuthi esidala siquka amabhande asegxeni elingemuva, unokufuna ukuqwalasela ukuba ezinye iibhanti zamagxa ziyahlengahlengiswa. Ezi mabhande zinombono weengwethi onokunyuka kunye nokuhla ukuze ufikelele ekuphakameni komgibeli. Ukuba ukhangele isithuthi esingenalo iibhande, kufuneka uhlolisise ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhande lephepha liphezulu kakhulu kumntwana wakho. Ukuba ibhanti iwela intamo yabo, umzekelo, endaweni yesifuba sayo, ingaba yingozi enkulu kwimeko yengozi.
Airbags kunye nezingane
Nangona abantwana bamele bahlale bekhangela kwisitulo sokubuya xa kunokwenzeka, kukho iimeko apho kungenjalo ukukhetha, kwaye neminye imithetho yaseburhulumenteni iyakuthatha loo nto ingqalelo. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye izithuthi azikho izihlalo ezingemuva, kwaye ezinye izithuthi zihlala zihlalo zokungakwazi ukufaka isihlalo somkhuseleko wabantwana. Unokufuna ukucaca ezo zithuthi ngokucacileyo ukuba uceba ukuthutha abantwana, kodwa ezinye izithuthi ziquka i-airbag yokuvala ukutshintsha ukukunceda ukunciphisa ingozi. Ekubeni ama-airbags angalimaza kakhulu, okanye abulale, abantwana, ngenxa yezinto eziphakamileyo kunye nezisindo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba isithuthi sakho sine-airbag yokuvalwa, okanye inkqubo ye-airbag phambi kokuba uvumele umntwana ukuba ahlale sihlalo.
Ezinye iintlobo ze-airbags nazo zinokuchaphazela ukhuseleko lomgibeli wabantwana, ingakumbi ukuba umntwana ugibele esihlalweni sangaphambili:
- Imiqathango yokunqanda kwentloko yintlobo yenkqubo ye-airbag eshenxisa kwi-headrest. Xa kuyimfuneko ukuba umntwana osemtsha ukuba agibele ngaphambili, lolu hlobo lwe-airbag lunokunceda xa kwenzeka ingozi, kuba yenzelwe ukuthelela phakathi kwentloko kunye nentloko yomgibeli, ukuvala loo mda kunye nokunciphisa ukunyakaza kwentloko.
- Iimpembelelo ze-airbags zisezantsi zihamba phakathi komnyango kunye nomzimba womntu ohlala kuyo, kwaye zinokukhusela abagibeli kwizihlalo zangaphambili nangaphambili. Nangona ezi moya zikhusela abantwana, azihlali zenzelwe, kwaye ziyakwazi ukulimaza abagibeli "abangaphandle kwimeko," elinezigaba ezibandakanya abantwana abancinci. Ekubeni iinqwelo ezininzi kunye neenqwelo zomoya zineempembelelo zecala ngamnye ngonyaka, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuba ingaba isithuthi sele sidlulile "ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso" ukuba unabantwana.
Doors kunye neWindows
Ukukhutshwa komnyango ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokukhuselwa komntwana ukhuseleko zizinto eziyimfuneko zokukhusela ezona zininzi zithuthi, kodwa akufanele ufune ukuzithatha. Ukukhiya ngokuzenzekelayo kwenzelwe ukubandakanyeka xa isithuthi sidlula isantya esithile, esiluncedo ukuba uyakhohlwa ukuvala iingcango. Le teknoloji ibonisa kakuhle ngokukhuseleko komntwana, okuthintela iingcango zangemuva ukuba zivuleke zonke ukusuka ngaphakathi xa zivalelwe. Ingozi eyingozi, okanye nokufa, inokwenzeka xa umntwana ekwazi ukuvula umnyango xa isithuthi sinyuka, oko kutheni ezo zobuchwepheshe zibaluleke kakhulu.
Iifestile zangasese zibeka ingozi yokhuseleko, kuloo ngozi okanye ukufa kungenzeka ukuba kukho nayiphi na inxalenye yomzimba ifakiwe xa ifestile yemoto ivaliwe. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba xa isithuthi sinezinto ezilula zokutshintsha ukuphakamisa nokunciphisa iifestile. Izithuthi eziveliswe emva kuka-2008 ziza zixhotyiswe ngeentshukumo zokutshintshela / zokudonsa ezingenakwenzeka ukuba zisebenze ngengozi, ngelixa izithuthi ezindala zivumela ukuba umqhubi akhubaza iwindow yokuhamba.
Ukongeza kwokhuseleko olunikezwa ngamashintshi okutshintshela / ukutsala kunye nezixhobo zokukhubazeka kweefestile, ezinye iifestile zamandla ziza ne-anti-pinch okanye i-auto-reverse feature. Lo mbandela uquka i-sensors of pressure ezisebenzisayo xa iifestile idibana noxinzelelo xa ivala, apho iifestile iyakumisa okanye iphendulele yona kwaye ivule. Oku akusiyo umgangatho osemgangathweni, kwaye akufanele kuxhomekeke njengendlela yodwa ithetha ukuthintela umntwana ukuba angabanjwa kwisango lokuvala elizenzekelayo, kodwa yindlela eyongezelelweyo yokukhusela eyenziwa ngamanye amaxesha.
Transmission Shift Interlocks
Nangona ngokuqhelekileyo kuluvo olubi ukushiya umntwana ongagqithwanga ngundoqo kwisibanezelo, kwenzeka njalo ngezikhathi, kwaye ukutshintshwa kweengxube kunceda ukukhusela umntwana ukuba angaguquki ngokungahambi. Ukuba isithuthi sitshintshisiwe singathathi hlangothi, mhlawumbi sinokuthi sinqunywe ngamabomu, kwaye isithuthi sinobuphi na uhlobo lwentlambo, inokungena kumntu okanye into kunye nokwenza umonakalo wepropati, ukulimala okanye ukufa.
Ukutshintshwa kwe-Brake shift interlocks kwenzelwe ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuphuma kwipaki ngaphandle kokugxotha phantsi kuqala. Oku kuyinkalo ekhethekileyo kubantwana abancinci, kuba bahlala bancinci ukuba bafikelele kwi-pedal pedal, nangona bazama ukuzama ukuphuma epakini ngamabomu. Ezinye iintsimbi zifuna umshicileli weqhosha, okanye nokuba ufaka isitshixo okanye enye into efana neyoyilo, ukuphuma ngaphandle kwepaki ukuba ukutshabalalisa akukho kwindawo yokusebenza.
Iimpawu zoKhuseleko kwabantwana kunye nezobuchwephesha ukuba zikhangele
Ukuba usemakethe yemoto entsha okanye esetyenzisiweyo, nantsi inkcazo ekhawulezayo yezinye iinkalo ezibalulekileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokukhangela:
- ULATCH (umgangatho ukususela ngo-2002)
- Amakhanda asegxeni elingemuva
- Amanki angamahlombe angaphambili afanelekileyo
- I-Airbag kwi / / off off switch
- Smart airbags
- Ukuvala okuzenzekelayo
- Ukhuseleko lwabantwana
- Ukushiya / ukudonsa ukutshintsha kwewindow
- Umkhuhlane wefestile oqhutywa ngumqhubi
- Iifestile ezitshintshiweyo ezithintelayo