Funda ngakumbi malunga neDynamic Range kunye neNewal Range kwi-Digital Photography
Ukuba uye wakha wazibuza ukuba uluhlu olunamandla kunye neetoni ezichaphazelayo zichaphazela njani iziphumo zakho zezithombe ze-digital, awuyedwa. Le mibini yeefoto ingaba yinto edidekayo ekuqaleni, kodwa unokuphucula isithombe sakho se-DSLR ngokufunda indlela abasebenza ngayo.
Uluphi udidi lweDynamic Range?
Zonke iikhamera ze-DSLR ziqulethe inzwa ezithatha umfanekiso. Uluhlu olushukumisayo lwesenzi luchazwe ngumbonakalo omkhulu kunokwenzeka ukuba unokuvelisa ngesahlulo esincinane kunokwenzeka.
Isalathisi senziwa xa iipekseli zentloko zekhamera zithatha i-photons, apho zijika zibe yintlawulo yombane.
Oku kuthetha ukuba iikhamera ezinokuluhlu oluphezulu olunamandla ziyakwazi ukubamba iinkcukacha zombini kunye nezethunzi kanye kunye nangenkcukacha ngokubanzi. Ngokudutshulwa kwi- RAW , uluhlu olushukumisayo lwe-sensor lugcinwe, kanti i- JPEG ziyakunqanda iinkcukacha ngenxa yexinzelelo lwefayile esetyenzisiweyo.
Njengoko sele kukhankanywe, iipikseli kwi-sensor ziqokelela i-photons ngexesha lokuvezwa komfanekiso. Ukukhanya ngakumbi, ukufumana iiphoton ezininzi ziqokelelwa. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, iipekseli eziqokelela iindawo ezicacileyo zomfanekiso ziqokelela zonke iiphoton zazo ngokukhawuleza kunezo iipekseli eziqokelela iinxalenye ezimnyama. Oku kunokubangela ukuphuphuma kwe-photons, engakhokelela ekubheni .
Iingxaki ezinomlinganiselo onamandla zihlala zibonwa kwimifanekiso eqhelekileyo. Ukuba ukukhanya kunzima kakhulu, ikhamera iyakwazi 'ukukhupha' iziqulatho kwaye ingashiyi nkcukacha kwimimandla emhlophe yomfanekiso. Ngelixa iliso lomntu lingakwazi ukulungelelanisa le miba kunye neenkcukacha zesaziso, ikhamera ayikwazi. Xa oko kwenzeka, sinokutshintshela ukutyhila ngokuyeka okanye ukongeza ukukhanya okugciniweyo ukunciphisa ukungafani okuphantsi kwesihloko.
I-DSLRs inomlinganiselo omkhulu ophezulu kuneendawo kwaye idubula iikhamera kuba iinzwa zabo zinamaphikseli amakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba iipekseli zinexesha elaneleyo lokuqokelela iiphoton zombini ezikhanyayo kunye ezimnyama zomfanekiso ngaphandle kokuphuphuma.
Uluphi uhlobo lweTonal?
Uluhlu lwetoni lomfanekiso wedijithali luhambelana nenani leetoni kufuneka lichaze uluhlu olushukumisayo.
Amacandelo amabini ahlobene. Uluhlu olukhulu olunamandla oludibene ne -Analog ukuya kwiDigu Converter (ADC) ubuncinane ubunzima be-10 ngokuzenzekelayo lulingana nolunye uhla lweetal. (I-ADC yinxalenye yenkqubo yokuguqula iipikseli kwi-sensor yombonakalo kwimifanekiso efundekayo.) Ngokufanayo, ukuba inzwa ye-ADC ye-10 bits iyakwazi ukuvelisa inani elikhulu leetoni, liya kuba nebala elikhulu.
Ngenxa yokuba umbono wesintu awukho umgca, nokuba yeyiphi na into ebalulekileyo kunye neyontoni kufuneka idityaniswe ngendandatho yelinki ukuze ibe mnandi emehlweni. Enyanisweni, iinkqubo zokuguqulwa kwe-RAW okanye ukuxinwa kwekhamera zisebenzise i-curve eyi-S ngokukodwa kwidatha ukwenzela ukunyanzela uluhlu olukhulu olushukumisayo ngendlela ebonakalayo ekhangayo kwiprinta okanye kwi-esweni.