Itafile yombaneli (ekwabizwa ngokuba yitafula yokuhamba) igcinwe idatha esetyenziswe yi- router network TCP / IP ukubala iindawo zokuthumela imilayezo enoxanduva lokuthumela. Itafile yombaneli yinkcazelo encinci yememori elawulwa yi-router eyakhelwe kwi-hardware kunye nesofthiwe.
Iibhulophu zee Router kunye nobukhulu
Iibluhlu ze Router ziqulethe uludwe lwee- IP . Idilesi nganye kuloluhlu luchonga i-router ekude (okanye enye isango lomnatha ) ukuba i-router yendawo iqulunqwe ukuyiqonda.
Kwi-idilesi nganye ye-IP, itheyibhile yomgca yongeza umnqamlezo wenethiwekhi kunye nedatha ecacisa iindawo zee-IP ezikhoyo apho idivaysi ekude iya kwamkela.
Iindlela zokunxibelelana kweekhaya zasekhaya zisebenzisa i-tableta encinci kakhulu kuba zihambisa phambili zonke izithuthi ezingena kwi- Intanethi yeNkonzo ye-Intanethi (ISP) ejongene nazo zonke ezinye iindlela zokuhamba. Ietafile zetekisi zasekhaya ziqulethe izinto ezilishumi okanye ezimbalwa. Ngokuthelekiswa, iiborters ezinkulu kunazo zonke kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi kufuneka igcine i- intanethi ye-intanethi epheleleyo equlethe ukungena kwamakhulu amawaka. (Jonga ingxelo ye-CIDR ngokulandelelwaniswa kwee-intanethi zakutshanje.)
Ukuqhathaniswa nokuThunywa kweStatic
Abasebenzisi beekhaya basebenzisa itafile zabo zokuhamba ngokuzenzekelayo xa bexhunyiwe kumnikezeli we-Inthanethi, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yindlela enamandla . Zenza enye ingeniso yetafula yeerta kumsebenzi ngamnye weenkonzo ze- DNS (eziziiprayimari, ezisekondari nakwimfundo ephakamileyo xa zikhoyo) kunye nokungena enye yokuhamba phakathi kwazo zonke iikhomputha zasekhaya.
Zingahle zenzele iindlela ezimbalwa ezongezelelweyo kwezinye iimeko ezizodwa kuquka nemizila eyahlukeneyo kunye nokusasazwa .
Ezinye ii-routers network zokuhlala ziyakuthintela ukuba ungaphezulu komntu okanye uguqule itafile yombaneli. Nangona kunjalo, ii-routers zoshishino zivumela abalawuli beenethwekhi ukuba bahlaziye ngesandla okanye baphathe iitafile zokuhamba.
Le ndlela ebizwa ngokuba yi- static routing ingaba luncedo xa kulungiswa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kunye nokuthembeka. Kwi-intanethi yasekhaya, ukusetyenziswa kwemigudu ye-static akudingeki ngaphandle kweemeko ezingavamile (njengokuba kusekwe ii-subnetworks ezininzi kunye ne-router yesibini).
Ukujonga iziqulatho zeeTables
Kwii- routers zasekhaya, iithayibhile ezithengiswayo ziboniswa kwiskrini ngaphakathi kwekhonsoli yolawulo. Umzekelo we-IPv4 itafile uboniswe ngezantsi.
| I-IP LAN IP | Masknet Mask | Gateway | Interface |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0.0.0 | 0.0.0.0 | xx.yyy.86.1 | WAN (Intanethi) |
| xx.yyy.86.1 | 255.255.255.255 | xx.yyy.86.1 | WAN (Intanethi) |
| xx.yyy.86.134 | 255.255.255.255 | xx.yy.86.134 | WAN (Intanethi) |
| 192.168.1.0 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.1.101 | LAN & Wireless |
Kulo mzekelo, ukungena kokuqala kubonisa indlela eya kwidilesi yesango le-intanethi ye-intanethi ('xx' kunye 'yyy' ibonisa ixabiso langempela ledilesi ye-IP efihliweyo ngenjongo yale nqaku). Ingeniso yesithathu ibonisa indlela eya kwidilesi yasekhaya yomntu ejongene ne-IP eyabelwe ngumboneleli. Ingeniso yokugqibela ibonisa indlela yazo zonke iikhomputha ngaphakathi kwintanethi yasekhaya ukuya kwi-router ekhaya, apho i-router ine-idilesi ye-IP 192.168.1.101.
Kwiikhompyutha ze-Windows kunye ne-Unix / Linux, umyalelo we- netstat -r ubonisa kwakhona iziqulatho zetafile yombaneli eqwalaselwe kwikhompyutha yendawo.