Yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana ngamakheli e-IP yangasese
Idilesi ye-IP yangasese idilesi ye- IP igcinelwe ukusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi emva komzila okanye enye idilesi yeNethwekhi yeNethwekhi (NAT), ngaphandle koluntu.
Iiposi ze-IP ezizimeleyo zihluke kwiidilesi ze-IP zoluntu , ezikarhulumente kwaye ezingenakusetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwintengiso yekhaya okanye ishishini.
Ngamanye amaxesha idilesi ye-IP yangasese ichazwa njengedilesi ye- IP yangaphakathi .
Ziziphi idilesi ze-IP ezizimeleyo?
I-Intanethi Ekwabiwe Amanani Amanani (IANA) inika iibhloko ezilandelayo zee dilesi ze-IP zokusetyenziswa njengee-IP zamakheli ezizimeleyo:
- 10.0.0.0 ukuya ku- 10.255.255.255
- 172.16.0.0 ukuya ku- 172.31.255.255
- 192.168.0.0 ukuya ku- 192.168.255.255
Iisethi zokuqala zee-adesi ze-IP ezivela phezulu zivumela iidilesi zezigidi ezili-16, okwesibini ngaphezu kwezigidi ezili-1, kunye no-65,000 kwibala lokugqibela.
Olunye uluhlu lwamakheli e-IP yangasese ngu-169.254.0.0 ukuya ku-169.254.255.255 kodwa yi- Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) isebenzise kuphela.
Ngo-2012, i-IANA yabela iidilesi ezi-4 zezigidi ze-100.64.0.0/10 ukuze zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ze-NAT eziphathekayo.
Kutheni iAteti zePI eziPhandle ziSebenzisiwe
Esikhundleni sokuba neekhompyutha ngaphakathi kwintengiso yekhaya okanye ishishini ngalinye usebenzisa idilesi ye-IP yoluntu, apho kukho ukunikezelwa okuncinci, iidilesi ze-IP zangasese zibonelela idilesi ekhethiweyo ngokupheleleyo esivumela ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi kodwa ngaphandle kokuthatha indawo ye-intanethi ye-IP. .
Ngokomzekelo, makhe siqwalasele i-router ephezulu kumnatha wekhaya. Uninzi lwabagijimi emakhaya nasemashishini kuwo wonke umhlaba, mhlawumbi owakho kunye nommelwane wakho olandelayo, yonke idilesi ye-IP ye-192.168.1.1, kwaye ubela i-192.168.1.2, i-192.168.1.3, ... kwiidivaysi ezahlukeneyo ezidibanisa kuyo ( ngento ethi iDHCP ).
Akukhathazeki ukuba zininzi iindlela zokusebenzisa ii-router ze-192.168.1.1, okanye zingaphi iindidi okanye amaninzi ezixhobo ngaphakathi kweso sabelo senethiwekhi ye-IP kunye nabasebenzisi bamanye amanethiwekhi, kuba abaxubulane ngokuthe ngqo .
Kunoko, izixhobo kwinethwekhi zisebenzisa i-router ukuguqulela izicelo zabo ngedilesi ye-IP yoluntu, enokunxibelelana namanye amakheli e-IP kunye nokugqibela kwamanye amanethiwekhi asekuhlaleni.
Iphulo: Awuqinisekisi ukuba yintoni i-router yakho okanye enye idilesi ye-IP yangasese yangasese? Uyabona njani Ndiyifumana Idilesi ye-IP yangasese ye-Gateway? .
I- hardware ngaphakathi kwintanethi ethile esebenzisa idilesi ye-IP yangasese inxibelelana nayo yonke enye i-hardware ngaphakathi kwiintanethi , kodwa iya kufuna i-router ukuthetha kunye nezixhobo ezingaphandle kwenethiwekhi, emva koko idilesi ye-IP kawonkewonke iya kusetyenziswa unxibelelwano.
Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke izixhobo (ii-laptops, desktops, iifowuni, iipilisi , njl njl. Njl.) Eziqulethwe kumanethiwekhi angasese kwihlabathi zingasebenzisa idilesi ye-IP yangasese kunye nokuba akukho mida, engenakutsholwa kwii-IP zamakheli.
Iilwimi ze-IP ezizimeleyo zibonelela ngeendlela ezingenakudityaniswa ne-intanethi, njengamaseva wefayile, abashicileli, njl., Ukuba bathethe ngokunjalo namanye amacebo kwintanethi ngaphandle kokubonakala ngokuthe ngqo kuluntu.
Iikhowudi ze IP
Esinye isethi see-adesi ze-IP ezinqatshelwe nakwezinye zibizwa ngokuba zii-IP zamakheli ezigcinwe . Ezi zifana neelayile ze-IP zangasese ngendlela yokuba abanako ukusetyenziswa ekunxibelelaneni kwi-intanethi enkulu, kodwa banqanda ngakumbi kunoko.
I-IP eyaziwayo kakhulu i-IP yi- 127.0.0.1 . Le dilesi ibizwa ngokuba yi- loopback idilesi kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya i-adapter yenethiwekhi okanye i-chip edibeneyo. Akukho zithuthi ezithunyelwe kwi-127.0.0.1 zithunyelwa kwinethiwekhi yendawo okanye kwi-intanethi.
Ngokwenene, lonke uluhlu oluvela kwi- 127.0.0.0 ukuya ku- 127.255.255.255 lugcinelwe iinjongo ze-loopback kodwa uya kuphantse ungaboni nto ngaphandle kwe-127.0.0.1 esetyenziswa kweli hlabathi.
Iile dilesi ukusuka kwi- 0.0.0.0 ukuya ku- 0.255.255.255 zigcinwe kodwa akenzi nto nantoni na. Ukuba unako ukunika idivaysi idilesi ye-IP kuloluhlu, ayiyi kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba ikufakwe kwinethwekhi.
Ulwazi olungakumbi kwiiNdawo zeeNdawo ze-IP zangasese
Xa ifowuni efana ne-router ixhunyiwe, ifumana idilesi ye-IP yoluntu evela kwi- ISP . Zizo zixhobo ezixhunyiwe kwi-router ezinikezelwa iilesi ze-IP zangasese.
Njengoko ndikhankanywe ngasentla, iilesi ze-IP ezizimeleyo azikwazi ukuthetha ngqo nedilesi ye-IP yoluntu. Oku kuthetha ukuba idilesi ene-IP yangasese ixhunyiwe ngqo kwi-intanethi, ngoko ke ayiyiyo ehambayo, idivayisi ayiyi kuba noxhumano lwenethiwekhi kuze idilesi iguqulelwe kwidilesi yokusebenza nge-NAT, okanye kude kube Ukuthumela kuthunyelwa ngecebo elinesiphatho se-IP esivumelekileyo.
Zonke izithuthi ezisuka kwi-intanethi ziyakwazi ukusebenzisana ne-router. Oku kuyinyaniso yonke into ukusuka kwi-HTTP rhoqo kwizinto ezifana ne-FTP ne-RDP. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba iipelati ze-IP zangasese zifihlekile emva kwe-router, i-router kufuneka ikwazi ukuba yiyiphi idilesi ye-IP kufuneka ihambise ulwazi xa ufuna into efana ne-FTP iseva ukuba isetyenziswe kwinethiwekhi yendlu.
Ukuze le nto isebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwii-intanethi ze-IP zangasese, ukuthunyelwa kweefama kufuneka kulungiselelwe.