Idilesi ye-IP yoluntu yidilesi ye- IP apho ikhaya lakho okanye i- router yoshishino ithola kwi- ISP yakho. Iipaliti ze-IP zoluntu zifunwa kuwo nayiphi na i- hardware ye- intanethi ye- intanethi, kufana ne-router yakho yasekhaya kunye neeseva ezithatha iiwebhsayithi.
Iilwimi ze-IP zoluntu zizahlula zonke iifowuni ezixhunyiwe kwi-intanethi. Isixhobo ngasinye esifikelela kwi-intanethi isebenzisa idilesi ye-IP ekhethekileyo. Enyanisweni, idilesi ye-IP yoluntu ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa nge- Intanethi ye-Intanethi .
Yile dilesi ukuba ngamnye umboneleli weNkonzo yeeNtanethi usebenzisa ukuthumela izicelo ze-intanethi kwikhaya okanye kwishishini elithile, njengokuba isithuthi sisebenzisa njani idilesi yakho yokwenzela ukuthumela iiphakheji endlwini yakho.
Cinga ngedilesi yakho ye-IP yoluntu njengalinye idilesi onayo. Umzekelo, idilesi yakho ye-imeyile kunye nedilesi yakho yasekhaya zihluke ngokupheleleyo kuwe, oko kutheni uthumele i-imeyile kulezo dilesi ziqinisekisa ukuba ngokwenene zifika kuwe kwaye zingekho omnye umntu.
Ukwahlukana okufanayo kusetyenziswa kwidilesi yakho ye-IP ukuze izicelo zakho zedijithali zithunyelwe kwinethiwekhi yakho ... kwaye kungengomnye umntu.
IiNgcaciso zePalamente zePalamente zePublic
Idilesi ye-IP yangasese , ngeendlela ezininzi, into efanayo nedilesi ye-IP yoluntu. Ingumqondiso oyingqamene kuzo zonke izixhobo emva komzila okanye enye idivaysi ekhonza idilesi ze-IP.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafani neeliti ze-IP zoluntu, izixhobo ekhaya lakho zingaba neefayile ze-IP zangasese njengezixhobo zommelwane wakho, okanye nayiphi na enye iphela emhlabeni jikelele. Oku kungenxa yokuba iilesi zabucala aziyizilungiso - iifowuni ze-hardware kwi-intanethi zicwangciswe ukukhusela amadivayisi ngee-intanethi yangasese ekunxibelelaneni ngqo kunye nayiphina i-IP ngaphaya komzila odibeneyo kuwo.
Ngenxa yokuba ezi dilesi ezizimeleyo ziyekezelwa ekufikeleleni kwi-intanethi, udinga idilesi engafikelela kwilizwe lonke, yintoni ke idilesi ye-IP yoluntu iyadingeka. Olu hlobo lokusetha luvumela zonke iifayile kwintanethi yakho yasekhaya ukuba zibuyisele ulwazi phakathi kwe-router yakho kunye ne-ISP usebenzisa idilesi enye (idilesi ye-IP yoluntu).
Enye indlela yokubukela oku kukucinga nge-router ekhaya lakho njengomboneleli wakho weNkonzo ye-intanethi. Ngelixa i-router yakho isebenza ngaphandle kwee-IP zamakheli kwiidivaysi ezixhunyiwe ngasese emva kombane wakho, i-ISP yakho ihambisa iidilesi ze-IP zoluntu kwizixhobo ezixhunyiwe esidlangalaleni.
Iibhanki ezizimeleyo kunye noluntu zisetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana, kodwa uluhlu lolo lwazi lunqamle kwiiseli ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Xa uzama ukuvula iwebhusayithi esuka kwikhompyutha yakho, isicelo sithunyelwa kwikhompyutheni yakho kwi-router yakho njengedilesi yangasese ye-IP, emva koko i-router yakho icela iwebhusayithi kwi-ISP yakho isebenzisa idilesi ye-IP yoluntu eyabelwe kwinethiwekhi yakho. Emva kokuba isicelo senziwe, imisebenzi iyatshintshwa - i-ISP ithumela idilesi yewebhu kwi-router yakho, leyo idlulisela idilesi kwikhompyutheni eyayicela yona.
Ubume beeNtetho zePal zePublic
Iipaliti ezithile ze-IP zigcinwa ukusetyenziswa koluntu kunye nabanye ukusetyenziswa kwangasese. Yilokho eyenza iiplani ze-IP zangasese zikwazi ukufikelela kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi - kuba ayinakukwazi ukuthetha ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuba ikhona emva kwe-router.
Ezi zilandelayo zigcinwe yi-intanethi eyabelwe i-Numer Authority (IANA) ukuze isebenziswe njengee-IP zamakheli ezizimeleyo:
- 10.0.0.0 ukuya ku- 10.255.255.255
- 172.16.0.0 ukuya ku- 172.31.255.255
- 192.168.0.0 ukuya ku- 192.168.255.255
Ukungafaki iilesi ezingentla, iipaliti ze-IP zoluntu zivela "1 ..." ukuya ku- "191 ...".
Yonke "i-192 ..." iidilesi azibhaliswanga esidlangalaleni, oko kuthetha ukuba kunokusetyenziswa kuphela emva komzila njengecandelo le-IP yangasese. Le ndlela yilapho ezininzi iipaliti ze-IP ezizimeleyo ziwa, yingakho idilesi ye-IP engapheliyo yezona zixhobo ezininzi ze- Linksys , i- D-Link , iCisco kunye ne- NETGEAR yi-IP ngaphakathi kweli setethi.
Indlela yokufumana idilesi yakho ye-IP yoluntu
Awudingi ukwazi idilesi yakho ye-IP yoluntu ixesha elide, kodwa kukho imeko apho kubalulekile nokuba kuyimfuneko, ngathi xa ufuna ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi yakho, okanye ikhomputha ngaphakathi kuyo, ukusuka kwindlu okanye yakho shishini.
Umzekelo osisiseko ngowokuba xa usebenzisa inkqubo yokufikelela ekude . Ngoko, umzekelo, ukuba uhlala kwigumbi lakho lehotele eShanghai, kodwa kufuneka "ukude" kwikhompyutheni yakho ekhaya, kwihostela yakho eDenver, uya kufuneka ukwazi idilesi ye-IP efumaneke kwi-inthanethi (uluntu Idilesi ye-IP yakho i-router yasekhaya isebenzise) ukuze ukwazi ukufundisa ukuba isofthiwe idibanise kwindawo efanelekileyo.
Kulula ukumangalisa ukufumana idilesi yakho ye-IP yoluntu. Nangona kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwenza oku, vula kuphela enye yewebhu kwi-smartphone yakho, i-laptop, ideskithophu, okanye nayiphi na ifowuni esebenzisa isiphequluli sewebhu: IP inkukhu, WhatsMyIP.org, Who.is, WhatIsMyPublicIP.com, okanye WhatIsMyIPAddress .com.
Nangona kungelula nje ukusetyenziswa kwewebhusayithi, unokufumana i-IP yakho yoluntu ngephepha lakho lokulawula lomqhubi. Ukuba awukwazi ukuba yiyiphi, ngokuqhelekileyo idilesi ye-IP yesango langasese .
Ukubanjwa? Uya kufuneka wenze oku kusuka kwikhompyutha yakho yasekhaya . Ukuba sele usuhambe, kufuneka ube nomhlobo okanye osebenza naye okwenzele yona. Ungasebenzisa isevisi yeDDNS, ezinye zazo zikhululekile. Akukho-IP ngumzekelo omnye, kodwa kukho abanye.
Kutheni i-Intetho zePalamente ze-IP zintlupheko
Uninzi lwamakheli e-IP atshintsho, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo. Nayiphi na idilesi ye-IP eguqulwayo kuthiwa idilesi ye-IP enamandla .
Emuva xa ii-ISP zizinto ezintsha, abasebenzisi baya kudibanisa kwi-intanethi ixesha elifutshane nje kuphela, baze banqamle. Idilesi ye-IP eyayisetyenziswe ngumthengi omnye iya kuvuleka ukuba isebenzise enye eyayidinga ukuxhuma kwi-intanethi.
Le ndlela yokunikezela idilesi ye-IP yayithetha ukuba i-ISP ayifuni ukuthenga inani elinjalo. Le nkqubo eqhubekayo isasetyenziswa namhlanje nangona abaninzi bethu behlala bexhumeke kwi-intanethi.
Nangona kunjalo, amaninzi amanethiwekhi axhomekeke kwiiwebhusayithi aza kuba neeliti ze-IP static kuba bafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi banokufikelela rhoqo kwi-server yabo. Ukufumana idilesi ye-IP ezitshintshayo ziya kunqoba injongo, njengoko iirekhodi ze- DNS ziza kufuneka zihlaziywe xa utshintsho lwe-IP, olunokubangela ukuba ixesha elingaphantsi lifuneke.
Amanethiwekhi asekhaya, ngakolunye uhlangothi, phantse ihlale ikwabiwe idilesi ze-IP ezinxulumene nesinye isizathu. Ukuba i-ISP inike i-intanethi yakho idilesi engatshintshiyo, inokuba yinto enokusetyenziswa kakubi ngabathengi ababamba iiwebhsayithi ekhaya. Esi sizathu esenza ukuba idilesi ye-IP ye-static ixabise ngaphezu kokuba nekheli le-IP elinamandla. Iinkonzo zeDDNS, esizikhankanyileyo ngaphambili, ziyindlela ejikeleze le ... kwinqanaba elithile.
Esinye isizathu sokuba amaninzi amanethiwekhi anelungelo lokutshintsha i-IP yile dilesi kuba iipeliti ze-IP zifuna ukuphathwa okungakumbi, ngoko ke ngokuqhelekileyo zibiza indleko kumthengi ukuba abe neyodwa.
Umzekelo, ukuba unokufudukela kwindawo entsha iikhilomitha ezimbalwa kude, kodwa usebenzisa i-ISP efanayo, ukufumana idilesi ye-IP echanekileyo kuya kuthetha ukuba uzakufumana enye idilesi ye-IP ekhoyo kwi-adresi. IiNethwekhi esebenzisa idilesi ze static kufuneka zilungiswe kwakhona ukuba zisebenzise kwindawo yazo entsha.
Ukufihla idilesi yakho ye-IP yoluntu
Awukwazi ukufihla idilesi yakho ye-IP yoluntu kwi-ISP yakho kuba zonke izithuthi zakho kufuneka zihambisane nazo ngaphambi kokufikelela kwenye into kwi-intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, unokufihla idilesi yakho ye-IP kwiiwebhusayithi ozivakatyelayo, kunye nokubethela zonke ukudluliselwa kwedatha (ngoko ukufihla izithuthi kwi-ISP yakho), ngokucoca kuqala yonke idatha yakho ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yecala yangasese (VPN).
Yithi, umzekelo, ukuba ufuna idilesi yakho ye-IP ukuba ifihliwe kwiGoogle.com . Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa ufinyelela kwiwebhsayithi yeGoogle, baya kukwazi ukubona ukuba idilesi yakho ye-IP yelizwe ekhethekileyo icele ukuba ibuke iwebhusayithi yayo. Ukwenza uphando olukhawulezayo kwiziko le-IP ekufumaneni ukusuka phezulu liya kubaxelela ukuba ngubani oyi-ISP wakho. Ekubeni i-ISP yakho iyazi ukuba yeyiphi idilesi ye-IP eyabelwe yona, ngokukodwa, kuya kuthetha ukuba ukutyelela kwakho kwi-Google kunokunyanzelwa ngqo kuwe.
Ukusebenzisa isevisi yeVPN yongeza enye i-ISP ekupheleni kwesicelo sakho ngaphambi kokuba uvule iwebhusayithi yeGoogle.
Xa sele ixhunywe kwi-VPN, inye inkqubo ekhankanywe apha ngasentla, kuphela ngeli xesha, endaweni yeGoogle ekuboneni idilesi ye-IP oyi-ISP yakho yabelwe yona, bayibona idilesi ye-IP eyabelwe i- VPN .
Ngoko, ukuba i-Google ifuna ukukuchonga, kufuneka ifune le ngcaciso kwiNkonzo ye-VPN esikhundleni se-ISP yakho, kuba kwakhona, yiyo idilesi ye -IP yabona ukufikelela kwiwebhusayithi yabo.
Kule ngongoma, ukungaziwa kwakho kubonakala ukuba ingaba inkonzo yeVPN ikulungele ukuyeka idilesi yakho ye-IP, ebonisa ukuba yintoni ubunikazi bakho. Umahluko phakathi kwe-ISP kunye neenkonzo ezininzi ze-VPN kukuba i-ISP inokufuneka ukuba umyalelo wokunikezela ngubani na ofikelelekileyo kwiwebsite, ngelixa amaxesha e-VPN akhona kumazwe angenayo loo mbopheleleko.
Kukho ezininzi iinkonzo ze-VPN zamahhala kwaye zihlawulwa ngaphandle apho bonke banikela ngempawu eyahlukileyo. Ukukhangela umntu ongasoloko ugcina iigodo ezihamba ngetekisi kunokuqala ukuqala ukuba ukhathazekile ukuba i-ISP yakho ikuhlola.
Iinkonzo ezimbalwa ze-VPN zamahhala ziquka i-FreeVPN.me, i-Hideman, ne-Faceless.ME. Bona uluhlu lwethu lwe- Free VPN Software Programme kwezinye iindlela.
Iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo kwieNtetho zePalamente zeSizwe
Iibhutri zinikwe idilesi yangasese ebizwa ngokuba yidilesi ye- IP yangasese. Ngendlela efanayo kwintanethi yakho enekheli elilodwa le-IP elithetha ne-intanethi ye-intanethi, i-router yakho inedilesi ye-IP edibanisa namanye amanxibelelwano abucala.
Nangona kuyiqiniso ukuba igunya lokugcina iilesi ze-IP lihlala kunye ne-IANA, akuyiyo imvelaphi ephakathi kuyo yonke intengiso ye-intanethi. Ukuba idivaysi yangaphandle iphulaphula inethiwekhi yakho, ayinanto enxulumene ne-IANA.