Iindidi ze-RAM eziqhuba iiikhomputha zeNamhlanje

Phantse zonke iifowuni ezinokwazi i-RAM zifuna i-RAM. Jonga idivaysi yakho oyintandokazi (umz. Ii-smartphones, iipilisi, ii-desktops, ii-laptops, i-graphing calculators, ii-HDTV, iinkqubo zokudlala ezithintekayo, njl.), Kwaye kufuneka ufumane ulwazi malunga ne-RAM. Nangona yonke i-RAM isebenza ngenjongo efanayo, kukho iintlobo ezimbalwa ezahlukahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje:

Yintoni i-RAM?

I-RAM imele iMemori yokuFumaneka kweRandom , kwaye inika iikhompyutheni indawo efunekayo yokulawula ulwazi kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ngexesha. Unokuyicinga njengemaphepha ekhangekayo yokubhala ukuze ubhale amanqaku, amanani, okanye imidwebo nge pencil. Ukuba uyaphuma kwigumbi kwiphepha, wenza okungakumbi ngokususa into ongasayi kuyidinga; I-RAM iziphatha ngokufanayo xa idinga indawo engaphezulu yokujongana nolwazi lwexeshana (oko kukuthi isebenza ngeprogram / iinkqubo). Iziqendu ezinkulu zamaphepha zivumela ukuba ubhale ngaphezulu (nangaphezulu) iingcamango ngethuba ngaphambi kokucima; I-RAM yangaphakathi yeekhompyutyana izabelo ezifanayo.

I-RAM ivela kwiindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo (okt indlela edibanisa ngayo okanye idibeneyo kunye neenkqubo zekhompyutheni), amandla (kulinganiswa kwi- MB okanye i-GB ), isantya (esilinganiswa kwi- MHz okanye kwi-GHz ), kunye ne-architectures. Ezi zinto kunye nezinye izinto zibalulekile ukuba ziqwalaselwe xa iinkqubo zokuphucula i-RAM, njengeenkqubo zeekhomputha (umz. I-hardware, iibhodi zamabhinqa) kufuneka zihambelane nezikhokelo ezihambelana nezikhokelo. Umzekelo:

I-RAM ye-Static (SRAM)

Ixesha kwiMarike: ngama-1990 ukuza
Iimveliso ezidumileyo Ukusebenzisa i-SRAM: Iikhamera zedijithali, ii-routers, abashicileli, izikrini ze-LCD

Enye yeempawu ezimbini zeememori ezisisiseko (enye i-DRAM), i-SRAM idinga ukuhamba kwamandla rhoqo ukuze kusebenze. Ngenxa yombutho oqhubekayo, i-SRAM ayidingi ukuba 'ihlaziywe' ukukhumbula idatha egcinwe. Yingakho i-SRAM ibizwa ngokuthi 'static' - akukho tshintsho okanye isenzo (isib. Ukuhlaziywa) kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe idatha. Nangona kunjalo, i-SRAM imemori engathandekiyo, oko kuthetha ukuba yonke idatha egcinwe ilahleka xa amandla enqanyulwa.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-SRAM (ngokumalunga ne-DRAM) ziphantsi kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhawuleza kokufikelela kokukhawuleza. Ukungalungi kokusebenzisa i-SRAM (ngokumelene ne-DRAM) kunamakhono okukhumbula okuncinci kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, i-SRAM isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi:

I-RAM enamandla (DRAM)

Ixesha kwiMarike: i- 1970 ukuya kuma-1990
Iimveliso ezidumileyo Ukusebenzisa i-DRAM: Iidonsa zemidlalo yevidiyo, i-hardware ye-intanethi

Enye yeempawu ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zeememori (enye i-SRAM), i-DRAM idinga ukuvuselelwa 'kwamandla' ngexesha lokusebenza. I-capacitors egcina idatha kwi-DRAM ikhupha ngamandla; akukho mandla kuthetha ukuba idatha ilahleka. Yingakho i-DRAM ibizwa ngokuthi 'inamandla' - utshintsho oluqhubekayo okanye isenzo (umz. Ukuhlaziywa) kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe idatha. I-DRAM nayo imemori engathandekiyo, oko kuthetha ukuba yonke idatha egciniweyo iyalahleka xa amandla enqanyulwa.

Iintlobo zokusebenzisa i-DRAM (vs. SRAM) ziindleko eziphantsi zokuvelisa kunye nokukhunjulwa kwamakhono okukhumbula. Ukungalunganga kokusebenzisa i-DRAM (vs. SRAM) kukukhawuleza kokufikelela kokukhawuleza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla angaphezulu. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, i-DRAM isetyenziswe ngoku:

Ngee-1990s, i- Extended Data Out Dynamic RAM (EDO DRAM) yaphuhliswa, yalandelwa yintlangano yayo, i- EDO RAM (BEDO DRAM). Ezi nkumbulo zazinkumbulo zikhutshwe ngenxa yokusebenza kwenyusa / ukusebenza kakuhle kwiindleko eziphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, iteknoloji yenziwe ingasebenzi ngokuphuhliswa kwe-SDRAM.

I-RAM echanekileyo yeDVD (SDRAM)

Ixesha kwiMarike: ngo- 1993 ukuza
Iimveliso ezidumileyo Ukusebenzisa i-SDRAM: Imemori yekhomputha, i-console yemidlalo yevidiyo

I-SDRAM ikwahlula i-DRAM esebenza ngokuvumelanisa nge- clock clock , oku kuthetha ukuba ilinde isignali yewashi ngaphambi kokuphendula ukufakelwa kwedatha (umz. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-DRAM iyinqobo, oku kuthetha ukuba iphendula ngokukhawuleza ekufakweni kwedatha. Kodwa inzuzo yokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kukuba i-CPU inokuphinda isebenze imiyalelo elandelelanayo ngokufanayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi 'ipipelining' - ukukwazi ukufumana (ukufunda) umyalelo omtsha ngaphambi kokuba umyalelo wangaphambili uphendululwe ngokupheleleyo (bhala).

Nangona i-pipeline ayichaphazeli ixesha elithathayo ukuqhuba imiyalelo, ayivumelekanga ukuba imiyalelo eminye izaliswe ngokufanayo. Ukucwangcisa enye yokufunda kunye nokubhala omnye umjikelo kwinqanaba lomjikelezo we-clock kwizinga eliphezulu lokudlulisa / ukusebenza kwama-CPU. I-SDRAM isekela i-pipelining ngenxa yendlela indlela imemori yayo yahlula ngayo kwiibhanki ezihlukeneyo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekukhethweni kwayo kwi-DRAM.

I-DATA yeDatha yeDatha yeDynamic Dynamic RAM (SDR SDRAM)

Ixesha kwiMarike: ngo- 1993 ukuza
Iimveliso ezidumileyo Ukusebenzisa i-SDR SDRAM: Imemori yekhompyutha, i-console yemidlalo yevidiyo

I-SDR SDRAM yithuba elikwandisiweyo kwi-SDRAM - ezo zimbini zinye zifana kunye, kodwa zihlala zibizwa ngokuba yi-SDRAM nje. 'Ireyithi enye yedatha' ibonisa indlela inkumbulo eyenza ngayo enye yokufunda kunye nokubhala omnye umjikelezo ngomjikelezo wewashi. Oku kubhala kunceda ukucacisa ukuthelekisa phakathi kwe-SDR SDRAM kunye ne-DDR SDRAM:

I-RAM yedatha yeDynamic Dynamic (iDDR SDRAM)

Ixesha kwiMarike: 2000 ukuza
Iimveliso ezidumileyo Ukusebenzisa i-DDR SDRAM: Imemori yekhompyutha

I-DDR SDRAM isebenza njenge-SDR SDRAM, kuphela kabini ngokukhawuleza. I-DDR SDRAM iyakwazi ukucwangcisa amabini afundwayo kwaye ezimbini zibhale imiyalelo ngomjikelezo wewashi (ngoko ke 'kabini'). Nangona efana nomsebenzi, i-DDR SDRAM inezohlukeko ngokwasemzimbeni (izikhonkwane ezili-184 kunye nenotshi enye kwikhonkco) ngokubhekiselele kwi-SDR SDRAM (izikhonkwane ezingu-168 kunye neenkcukacha ezimbini kwikhonkco). I-DDR SDRAM iphinda isebenze kumgangatho ophantsi we-voltage (2.5 V ukusuka kwi-3.3 V), ukukhusela ukuhambelana nokubuyela kwi-SDR SDRAM.

I-Graphics Double Data Data Rate yeDynamic RAM (GDDR SDRAM)

Ixesha kwiMarike: 2003 ukuza
Iimveliso ezidumileyo Ukusebenzisa i-GDDR SDRAM: amakhadi omfanekiso wevidiyo, ezinye iipilisi

I-GDDR SDRAM luhlobo lwe-DDR SDRAM ejoliswe ngokukodwa kwi-graphics graphics rendering, ngokubanzi ngokubambisana ne- GPU (i-graphics processing processing unit) kwikhadi levidiyo . Iimidlalo ze-PC ze-Modern ziyaziwa ukuba zitshintshe imvulophu ngeendawo ezinengqiqo ezicacileyo eziphezulu, zifuna ukuba zixhobo zeekhompyutha kunye nekhompyutha yeefowuni zekhompyutha ukulungiselela ukudlala (ikakhulukazi xa usebenzisa ii- 720p okanye i-1080p iziboniso eziphezulu zokusombululo ).

Nangona bekwabelana ngeziganeko ezifanayo kunye neDDR SDRAM, i-GDDR SDRAM ayifani ngokufanayo. Kukho ulwahlulo oluphawulekayo ngendlela eya kusebenza ngayo i-GDDR SDRAM, ngokukodwa malunga nendlela i-bandwidth ithandwa ngayo ngaphezu kwe-latency. I-SDD SDRAM ilindeleke ukuba isebenzise inani elikhulu leenkcukacha (umda wokuhamba), kodwa kungekhona ngokukhawuleza okukhawulezayo (latency) - cinga ngomgwaqo omkhulu ongama-16 we-55 MPH. Ngokomlinganiselo, i-DDR SDRAM kulindeleke ukuba ibe ne-latency ephantsi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwi-CPU-cinga ngomgwaqo omkhulu ongama-2 we-85 MPH.

Ukukhunjulwa

Ixesha kwiMarike: 1984 ukuza
Iimveliso ezigqithiseleyo Ukusebenzisa iMemori ye-Flash: Iikhamera zedijithali, ii-smartphones / iipilisi, iinkqubo zokudlala imidlalo / imidlalo

Imemori yefowuni ngumhlobo wesimo esingasigxiliyo sokugcina esigcina yonke idatha emva kokunqunyulwa kwamandla. Ngaphandle kwegama, imemori yefowuni isondelene kwifom kunye nokusebenza (oko kukugcina ukugcinwa kunye nokudluliswa kwedatha) kwiinkalo zombuso ozinzileyo kuneendlela ezikhankanywe ngentla. Imemori yefowuni isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi: