Kwikhompyutheni yekhompyutha kunye nesofthiwe, ukufumaneka kubhekisela kwi-"timetime "ye-system (okanye iinkalo ezithile zeenkqubo). Ngokomzekelo, ikhompyutheni yakho ingathi ithathwa "ifumaneka" ukuze isebenzise ukuba inkqubo yayo yokusebenza ixhomekeke kwaye isebenza.
Ngoxa kuhlobene nokufumaneka, umgaqo wokuthembeka uthetha into ehlukile. Ukunyaniseka kubhekisela kumathuba amaninzi okwehluleka okwenzeka kwinkqubo yokusebenza. Inkqubo ethembekileyo ngokupheleleyo iya kufumana ukufumaneka kwe-100%, kodwa xa kwenzeka ukungaphumeleli, ukufumaneka kuya kuchatshazelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwimeko yengxaki.
Ukubonelela ngenkonzo kuchaphazela ukufumaneka kwakhona. Kwiinkqubo ezisebenzayo, ukungaphumeleli kungafunyanwa kwaye kulungiswe ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kunesimiso esingenakulungeleka, oku kuthetha ukuba ixesha eliphantsi lixesha eliphantsi kwisiganeko.
Amanqanaba okufumaneka
Indlela efanelekileyo yokuchaza amacandelo okanye iiklasi zokufumaneka kwindlela yenethiwekhi yekhompyutheni "i-scale of nins." Ngokomzekelo, i-99% yexesha lokuphumla liguqulela kwiimbini ezimbini zokufumaneka, i-99.9% yexesha lokuphumla kwiimithi ezintathu, njalo njalo. Itafile eboniswe kweli phepha ibonisa intsingiselo yale nqanaba. Ibonisa ngalinye nqanaba ngokwemali ephezulu yexesha lokuphuhla (nonleap) lonyaka elinokunyamezela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokugqibela. Kwakhona kubonisa imizekelo embalwa yohlobo lweenkqubo ezakhiwayo eziqhele ukuhlangabezana nale mfuno.
Xa uthetha ngamanqanaba okufumaneka, phawula ukuba ixesha elipheleleyo elibandakanyekayo (iiveki, iinyanga, iminyaka, njl.) Kufuneka icaciswe ukuba inikezele intsingiselo ebaluleke kakhulu. Umveliso ophumelela kwi-99.9% yexesha lokuphumla kwixesha elilodwa okanye ngaphezulu liye lazibonakalisa kumlinganiselo ophezulu kunomntu obakho ubude buye bulinganiswa kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
Ukufumaneka kwenethiwekhi: Umzekelo
Ukufumaneka kuya kube yinto ebonakalayo ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo kodwa kuba yinkinga ebaluleke nangakumbi kwiinkanethi. Ngokwemvelo yabo, iinkonzo zenethwekhi zisasazwa kwiikhompyutha ezininzi kwaye zinokuxhomekeka kwezinye iindidi ezixhasayo.
Thatha i- Domain Name System (DNS) , umzekelo - esetyenziswe kwi-Intanethi kunye amanethiwekhi amaninzi angasese e- intranet ukugcina uluhlu lwamagama ekhomputha asekelwe kwiidilesi zabo zenethiwekhi. I-DNS igcina inkcazo yamagama kunye needesi kumncedisi obizwa ngokuba ngumncedisi we- DNS oyintloko. Xa kuphela iseva enye ye-DNS iqulunqwe, ukuphahlazeka komncedisi kuthatha zonke iifayile zeDNS kuloo ntanethi. I-DNS, nangona kunjalo, inikeza inkxaso kwiisava ezisezantsi. Ngaphandle komncedisi oyintloko, umlawuli unokufaka kwakhona iinkonzo ze-DNS ezisesekondari nakwi-tertiary kwinethiwekhi. Ngoku, ukungaphumeleli nakweyiphi enye yeenkqubo zintathu kungenakwenzeka kakhulu ukudala ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kweenkonzo ze-DNS.
Umncedisi uyaphazamisa eceleni, ezinye iintlobo zokungena kwenethiwekhi zichaphazela ukufumaneka kweDNS. Ukunqongophala kwekhonkco, umzekelo, unokwenza ngokufanelekileyo u-DNS ngokwenza kube nzima ukuba abathengi baxhumane ne-DNS iseva. Akuqhelekanga kule miba kubantu abathile (kuxhomekeke kwindawo yabo yendawo kwinethiwekhi) ukulahlekelwa ukufikelela kweDNS kodwa abanye bahlale bengathinteki. Ukuqwalasela iiseva ezininzi ze-DNS kunceda ekujonganeni nale mpazamo engathanga ngqo engachaphazela ukufumaneka.
Ukufumaneka okubonakalayo kunye nokufumaneka okuphezulu
Imiphumo ayiyiyo yonke idalwe ilinganayo: Ixesha lokungaphumeleli lidlala indima enkulu ekuboneni ukufumaneka kwenethiwekhi. Inkqubo yezoshishino ejongene nokuhamba kweeveki eziqhelekileyo, umzekelo, kunokubonisa amanani amaninzi afikelelekayo, kodwa eli xesha lingaphantsi lingaqwalaselwa ngabasebenzi abaqhelekileyo.Ishishini lokunxibelelana isebenzisa ixesha elide ukufumaneka ukubhekisela kwiinkqubo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuzodwa ukunyaniseka, ukufumaneka kunye nokubonelela. Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya i-hardware ebomvu ( umzekelo , iidiski kunye nezixhobo zamandla) kunye nesofthiwe ehlakaniphile ( umz. , Ukulinganisa umthwalo kunye nokusebenza kwe-failure-over). Ubunzima bokufikelela ekufikeleleni okuphezulu kukhula ngokuphawulekayo kumanqanaba amane kunye namanqanaba ama-nines, ngoko ke abathengisi banokuhlawula ixabiso lempompo kwiimpawu.