Yisiphi i-Computer Operating System?
Iikhomputha zisebenzisa isofthiwe esezantsi ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokusebenza (O / S) ukunceda abantu basebenzise imishini yenyama. I-O / S yenza iprogram yesicelo (ebizwa ngokuba "iiprogram") kwakunye nokwakha iinkqubo ezintsha. Iprojekti yenkqubo yokusebenza ayiqhubi nje kwiikhomputha zeekhomputha kodwa nakwiifowuni, ii-routers kunye nezinye izinto ezibizwa ngokuba zixhobo ezifakiwe.
Iintlobo zeeNkqubo zokuSebenza
Amakhulu eenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa iikhomputha ziye zaphuhliswa kwiminyaka ngamashishini, kwiiyunivesithi, kunye nabantu abazibandakanyekayo. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo eziqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwiikhompyutheni zobuqu:
- Microsoft Windows
- Mac OS X
- Linux
Ezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza zenzelwe iintlobo ezithile zezixhobo, ezifana
- I-Apple iOS kunye ne-Google Android (i-Linux)
- I-Solaris, i-HP-UX, i-DG-UX, kunye nezinye izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ze Unix - kwiikhomputha zeeva
- I-VMS ye-DEC (i-Memory Virtual System) - kwiikhomputha ze-mainframe
Ezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza zinomdla wokubaluleka kodwa zithandwa ngumdla nje ngoku:
- I-Novell Netware yayisithandwa kakhulu kwi-O / S yama-PC kwiminyaka ye-1990
- I-IBM OS / 2 yayiyi-PC yokuqala ye-O / S eyaphumelela iMicrosoft Windows ngexesha kodwa yayiphumelele kwimarike yabathengi
- I-Multics yinkqubo yokusebenza ngokukhethekileyo eyenziwa ngokubaluleka kwiiminyaka-1960, ezathintela ukuphuhliswa kwe-unix kamva
Iinkqubo zokuSebenza kwenethiwekhi
I-O / S yanamhlanje iqukethe isofthiwe esakhelwe ngaphakathi eklanyelwe ukwenza lula ukunxibelelana kwekhompyutha. Iprojekthi ye-O / S ephawulekayo ibandakanya ukuphunyezwa kwe- TCP / IP yokulandelwa kweprotocol kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumene neenkonzo ezifana ne- ping ne-traceroute. Oku kubandakanya izixhobo zedivayisi ezifunekayo kunye nezinye iisofthiwe ukwenzela ukuba i- Ethernet ifowuni isebenze ngokuzenzekelayo. Iifowuni zefowuni zidla ngokubonelela iinkqubo ezifunekayo ukunika i- Wi-Fi , i- Bluetooth , okanye enye inxibelelwano engenazintambo.
Iinguqulelo zokuqala ze-Microsoft Windows azibonelelanga naliphi inkxaso kwi- networking . IMicrosoft yongezelela indlela yokunxibelelanisa ngokuyisiseko kwinkqubo yayo yokusebenza ngokuqala ngeWindows 95 kunye neWindows kwiWorkgroups . IMicrosoft yazisa kwakhona i- Intanethi yokuXhumana kwe-Intanethi (i-ICS) kwi-Windows 98 Second Edition (Win98 SE), i- Windows HomeGroup ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi kwi-Windows 7, njalo njalo. Ukwahlukana okunye kunye ne Unix, eyakhiwe ukususela ekuqalekeni ngenethiwekhi. Phantse nawuphi na umthengi u-O / S namhlanje ufanelekela njengendlela yokusebenza yenethiwekhi ngenxa yokuthandwa kwe-intanethi kunye nokunxibelelana kweekhaya.
Iinkqubo zokuSebenza ezifakiwe
Inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo exhasayo ayixhasi okanye ayikho imigaqo esekelwe kwesoftware yayo. Iinkqubo ezifakwe njenge-routers, umzekelo, ziquka i-server yeWeb, iPHHPP kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo kodwa azivumeli ukufakwa kweenkqubo ezintsha. Imizekelo yeendlela zokusebenza ezifakwe kwi-routers ziquka:
- I-Cisco IOS (inkqubo ye-Intanethi yokuSebenza)
- DD-WRT
- Juniper Junos
I-OS efakwe ngaphakathi ingafumaneka kwinani elikhulayo labathengi bezinto ezibandakanya iifowuni (i-iPhone OS), i-PDAs (i-Windows CE) kunye nabadlali be-digital media (ipodlinux).