Imiyalelo ye-Linux yenza ubomi bube lula
Esi sikhokelo sikhombisa indlela yokudala abasebenzisi ngaphakathi kweLuxal usebenzisa umgca womyalelo. Nangona iifayile ezininzi zeDesign Linux zibonelela ngethuluzi lokubonakalisa ukudala abasebenzisi kuyilungileyo elungileyo ukufunda indlela yokwenza ngayo kumgca welayini ukuze ukwazi ukudlulisela izakhono zakho ukusasazwa kwelinye ukuya kwelinye ngaphandle kokufunda izinto ezintsha zomsebenzisi.
01 ngo-12
Indlela yokudala Umsebenzisi
Masiqale ngokudala umsebenzisi olula.
Umyalelo olandelayo uya kwongeza umsebenzisi omtsha obizwa ngokuba ngumvavanyo kwisistimu yakho:
vavanyo lomsebenzisi
Yintoni eya kwenzeka xa lo myalelo usebenza uya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezibhalwe kwifayile yokuqwalasela e / / etc / default / useradd.
Ukujonga okubhaliweyo / / etc / default / useradd sebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
sudo nano / etc / default / useradd
Ifayile yoqwalaselo iya kusetha igobolondo engapheliyo e- Ubuntu ibin / sh. Zonke ezinye iinketho zivakaliswa.
Iziphakamiso ezikhethiweyo ziyakuvumela ukuba usethe ifolda yangasese yekhaya, iqela, inani leentsuku emva kokuba iphasiwedi iphelelwe lixesha ngaphambi kokuba i-akhawunti ikhutshazwe kunye nomhla wokuphela.
Into ebalulekileyo ukuqokelela ulwazi olukhankanywe ngasentla kukuba ukusebenzisa umyalelo we-useradd ngaphandle kwanoma yikuphi ukutshintsha kunokuvelisa iziphumo ezahlukileyo kwizabelo ezahlukeneyo kwaye konke kuyenziwa kunye nezicwangciso kwi / etc / default / useradd ifayile.
Ukongeza kwifayile / etc / default / useradd, kukho kwakhona ifayile ebizwa ngokuthi /etc/login.defs eya kuxutyushwa kamva kwisikhokelo.
Kubalulekile: sudo ayifakwanga kuyo yonke isasazo. Ukuba ayifakwanga kufuneka ungene kwi-akhawunti kunye neemvume ezifanelekileyo zokudala abasebenzisi
02 we-12
Indlela Yokudala Umsebenzisi Ngomncedisi Wasekhaya
Umzekelo wangaphambili wawungelula kodwa umsebenzisi unako okanye awunikwe i-home directory ngokusekelwe kwifayile yesetyenzisiweyo.
Ukunyanzelisa ukudala kwirekhodi lekhaya ukusebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
vavanyo lomsebenzisi -m
Umyalelo ongentla udala ifowuni / ifowuni / uvavanyo lokuhlola umsebenzisi.
03 we-12
Indlela Yokudala Umsebenzisi Ngomncedisi Wekhaya Ohlukileyo
Ukuba ufuna ukuba umsebenzisi abe nefowuni yekhaya kwindawo eyahlukileyo ukuya kwi-default ungasebenzisa i--d switch.
sudo useradd -m -d / vavanyo lovavanyo
Umyalelo ongentla uchaza ifolda ebizwa ngokuba vavanyo lovavanyo lomsebenzisi phantsi kwefolda yengcambu.
Qaphela: Ngaphakathi -m guqula ifolda ayinakwenziwa. Kuxhomekeke kwisicwangciso ngaphakathi /etc/login.defs.
Ukuze wenze oku kusebenze ngaphandle kokucacisa -m tshintsha uhlele ifayile /etc/login.defs kunye nezantsi kwefayili faka umgca olandelayo:
CREATE_HOME ewe
04 we-12
Indlela yokutshintsha Iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi usebenzisa i-Linux
Ngoku ukuba udale umsebenzisi ngefowuni yekhaya uza kuyidinga ukutshintsha iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi.
Ukusetha iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi kufuneka usebenzise umyalelo olandelayo:
vavanyo lokupasa
Umyalelo ongentla ungakuvumela ukuba usethe iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi wokuvavanya. Uya kukhuthazwa ukuba uphendule iphasiwedi ofuna ukuyisebenzisa.
05 we-12
Indlela yoTshintsho Abasebenzisi
Unokuvavanya i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi wakho omtsha ngokuthayipha oku kulandelayo kwifestile yesiphelo:
vavanyo
Umyalelo ongentla ungatshintsha umsebenzisi kwi-akhawunti yokuvavanya kwaye ucinga ukuba udale ifolda yekhaya uza kufakwa kwifolda yekhaya yalo mse benzisi.
06 we-12
Yakha Umsebenzisi Ngomhla Wokuphela
Ukuba usebenza eofisini kwaye unonkontileka entsha uqala ukuba ngubani oza kufaka kwiofisi yakho ixesha elincinci ngoko uya kufuna ukubeka umhla wokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwi-akhawunti yakhe yomsebenzisi.
Ngokufanayo, ukuba unentsapho ezayo ukuhlala ngoko ungenza i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi kwelungu lentsapho eliphelelwa lixesha emva kokushiya.
Ukusetha umhla wokuphelelwa yisikhathi xa udala umsebenzisi, sebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
usebenzise i-useradd -d / home / test-uvavanyo lwe-2016-02-05
Umhla kufuneka ucaciswe kwifomathi YYY-MM-DD apho YYYY unyaka, iMM inyanga yenyanga kunye neDD yinombolo yosuku.
07 we-12
Indlela yokudala umsebenzisi kwaye uyinike iqela
Ukuba unomsebenzisi omtsha ujoyina inkampani yakho ngoko unokufuna ukwabela amaqela athile kuloo msebenzisi ukuze afumaneke kwiifayile kunye namafolda njengamanye amalungu eqela lawo.
Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba unomfana ogama linguJohane kwaye wayejoyina njengomgcini-mali.
Umyalelo olandelayo uyongeza iJohn kwiqela leakhawunti.
i-useradd -m john -G akhawunti
08 ka 12
Ukulungiswa kokungena kwi-Linux
Ifayile /etet/login.defs yifayile yokuqwalasela ebonisa ukuziphatha okungekho kwimisebenzi yokungena ngemvume.
Kukho izicwangciso eziphambili kule fayili. Ukuvula ifayile ye-/etc/login.defs faka umyalelo olandelayo:
sudo nano /etc/login.defs
Ifayile yelogin.defs iqulethe izicwangciso ezilandelayo onokufuna ukutshintsha:
- PASS_MAX_DAYS - Kude kube nini iphasiwedi iphela.
- I-PASS_MIN_DAYS - Ixesha elide linokuthi iphasiwedi ingatshintshwa.
- PASS_WARN_AGE - Inani lezilumkiso ngaphambi kokuba iphasiwedi iphele.
- I-LOGIN_RETRIES - Inani lemizamo yokungena ngemvume ngaphambi kokusilela.
- LOGIN_TIMEOUT - Kude kube nini ngaphambi kokungena kwexesha lokungena.
- DEFAULT_HOME - Ngaba umsebenzisi angena ngemvume ukuba akukho fowuni yekhaya ekhoyo.
Qaphela ukuba ezi zikhetho ezikhethiweyo kwaye ziyakwazi ukugqithiswa xa kudala umsebenzisi omtsha.
09 we-12
Indlela yokucacisa ukungena kwegama lokungena kwegama leNkcazo xa udala umsebenzisi
Unokusetha umhla wokuphela kwegama lomsebenzisi, inani lokungena ngemvume kunye nokuphumla xa udala umsebenzisi.
Umzekelo olandelayo ubonisa indlela yokudala umsebenzisi ngesilumkiso sephasiwedi, inani elingaphaya leentsuku ngaphambi kokuba iphasiwedi iphele kwaye ungene kwiimvavanyo ezibekiwe.
I-sudo useradd test5 -m -K PASS_MAX_DAYS = 5 -K PASS_WARN_AGE = 3 -K LOGIN_RETRIES = 1
10 kwi-12
Ukudala Amandla Omsebenzisi Ngaphandle Kwifolda Yasekhaya
Ukuba ifayili ye- login.defs inekhetho CREATE_HOME ewe usethe ngoko xa umsebenzisi edale ifolda yekhaya iya kwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ukudala umsebenzisi ngaphandle kwefolda yekhaya kungakhathaliseki ukuba isetyenziswe sebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
uvavanyo lwe-useradd-
Kudideka ukuba -m imele ukudala ikhaya kwaye-imele ukuba ungenzi ikhaya.
11 kwi-12
Cacisa igama elipheleleyo lomsebenzisi xa udala umsebenzisi
Njengengxenye yomgaqo wakho wokudala umsebenzisi, unokukhetha ukwenza into efana neyokuqala yokuqala, elandelwa ligama lokugqibela. Umzekelo, igama lomsebenzisi "John Smith" liya kuba "jsmith".
Xa ufuna iinkcukacha malunga nomsebenzisi ongenako ukukwazi ukwahlula phakathi kukaJohn Smith noJenny Smith.
Unokongeza amazwana xa udala i-akhawunti ke kulula ukufumana igama lenene lomsebenzisi.
Umyalelo olandelayo ubonisa indlela yokwenza oku:
useradd -m jsmith -c "uJohn smith"
12 kwi-12
Ukuhlalutya Iifayile / etc / passwd Ifayile
Xa udala umsebenzisi iinkcukacha zalo msebenzisi zongezwa kwifayile / etc / passwd.
Ukujonga iinkcukacha malunga nomsebenzisi othile ungasebenzisa umyalelo we-grep ngolu hlobo:
grep john / etc / passwd
Qaphela: Umyalelo ongasentla uza kubuyisa iinkcukacha malunga nabasebenzisi bonke ngegama elithi uJohn njengenxalenye yomsebenzisi.
Ifayile / etc / ifayile ye-passu equlethe uludwe oluhlukileyo lwemibala malunga nomsebenzisi ngamnye.
Amasimu anjengale ndlela:
- Igama lomsebenzisi;
- Iphasiwedi ebhaliweyo (ngokucacileyo awukwazi ukuyibona);
- Isazisi somsebenzisi;
- Iqela lomsebenzisi lomsebenzisi;
- Igama elipheleleyo lomsebenzisi;
- Ulawulo lwekhaya lomsebenzisi;
- Ukungena kwigobolondo.