Indlela yokufaka kunye ne-Double Boot Linux kunye ne-Mac OS

I-Mac enye yeeplani ezisekhompyutheni ezinokuthenjelwa ezikhoyo, kwaye zingenza iqonga elikhulu lokungasebenzisi kuphela i-Mac OS, njengeSierra ye- MacOS yangoku, kodwa i-Windows kunye ne-Linux. Enyanisweni, i-MacBook Pro yindawo ephambili kakhulu yokusebenzisa iLuxux.

Ngaphantsi kwe-hood, i-hardware ye-Mac ifana ngokugqithisileyo kunye nezona zinxalenye ezisetyenziswe kwi-PC zangoku. Uya kufumana iintsapho ezifanayo zeprojekti, ii-enginesisi ze-graphics, ii-chips networking, kunye nokunye okuninzi.

Ukuqalisa iiWindows kwi-Mac

Xa i-Apple ishintshe ukusuka kwi-PowerPC yokutyelela kwi-Intel, abaninzi bazibuza ukuba i-Intel Macs ikwazi ukuqhuba iWindows. Ukuguqulwa kweyona nto yokukhubekisa yangempela kukufumana iWindows ukuba isebenze kwi -motherboard e- EFI endaweni yezinto ezininzi eziqhelekileyo eziyi- BIOS .

I-Apple yaze yafaka isandla kumzamo ngokukhupha i- Boot Camp, into ebandakanyekayo yokufaka iiWindows kwi-hardware yonke kwi-Mac, ukukwazi ukuncedisa umsebenzisi ekusekeni iMac ngokubambisana ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-Mac OS ne-Windows, kwaye umncedisi wokwahlula nokufometha umqhubi wokusetyenziswa kweWindows OS.

Running Linux kwi-Mac

Ukuba unako ukuqhuba iWindows kwi-Mac, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ukwazi ukuqhuba malunga nayiphi na i-OS eyenzelwe ubugcisa be-Intel, kunene? Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kuyinyaniso, nangona kunjalo, njengezinto ezininzi, uMtyholi usezi nkcukacha. Uninzi lwezabelo zeLuxux ziyakwazi ukuqhuba kakuhle kwi-Mac, nangona kunokuba nemingeni yokufaka nokuqwalasela i-OS.

Inqanaba lobunzima

Le projekthi yabasebenzisi abasebenzayo abanethuba lokusebenza ngemiba enokuphuhliswa endleleni, kwaye bazimisele ukubuyisela iMac OS kunye nedatha yabo ukuba iingxaki zenzeka ngexesha lwenkqubo.

Asikholelwa ukuba kuya kuba nayiphi na imiba emikhulu, kodwa ikhona inokwenzeka, ngoko ulungiselele, ube ne-backup yangoku, kwaye ufunde yonke inkqubo ngaphambi kokufaka Ubuntu.

Ukufakwa kunye nabaqhubi

Imiba esiye siyifumana ukufumana ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux esebenzayo i-Mac isoloko ijikeleze indawo ezimbini: ukufumana i-installer isebenze ngokuchanekileyo kunye ne-Mac, kwaye ukufumana nokufaka zonke ii-drivers ezifunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibhloko ezibalulekileyo ze-Mac yakho. uya kusebenza. Oku kungabandakanya ukufumana abaqhubi abafunekayo kwi- Wi-Fi kunye ne- Bluetooth , kwakunye nabaqhubi abafunekayo kwiimpawu zeMifanekiso oyi-Mac yakho.

Ihlazo i-Apple ayinikezeli umqhubi oqhelekileyo onokusetyenziswa kunye neLuxux, kunye nefakeli eyisiseko kunye nomncedisi, njengoko wenze nge Windows. Kodwa kude kube oko kwenzeka (kwaye asiyi kubamba umoya), kuya kufuneka uqalise ukujongana nemiba yokucwangcisa malunga nawe.

Sithi "ngenye indlela" kuba siza kunika isikhokelo esisisiseko sokufumana ukusasazwa kwe-Linux oyintandokazi esebenza kwi-iMac, kunye nokukuzisa kwizinto ezinokukunceda ukulandelela abaqhubi abayidingayo, okanye ukunceda ukuxazulula imiba yokufakela dibana no.

Ubuntu

Kukho ezininzi iinkonzo zeLuxux ongakhetha kuzo kule projekthi; Ezinye zezona ziyaziwayo zibandakanya (akukho myalelo othile) Debian, MATE, OS osisiseko, iArch Linux, OpenSUSE, Ubuntu, kunye neMint. Sinqume ukusebenzisa i-Ubuntu kule projekthi, ngokuyininzi ngenxa yeeforamu ezisebenzayo kunye nenkxaso ekhoyo kwi-Ubuntu kuluntu, kunye negalelo le-Ubuntu elinikezelwe kwiLuxux yethu.

Kutheni ufuna ukufaka Ubuntu kwi-Mac yakho?

Kukho itoni yezizathu zokufuna ukuba Ubuntu (okanye ukusabalalisa kwakho okuthandayo kwe-Linux) kusebenza kwi-Mac yakho. Unokuba unqwenela ukwandisa i-teps yakho ye-teknoloji, funda nge-OS eyahlukeneyo, okanye ube neyodwa okanye ezininzi zokusebenza ezifunekayo ukuba usebenze. Unokuba ngumqhubi weLinux kwaye uqaphele ukuba iMac iyona ndawo efanelekileyo kakhulu yokuyisebenzisa (Singahle sithandeke kulo mbono), okanye usenokufuna ukuzama u-Ubuntu.

Kungakhathaliseki isizathu, le projekthi izokukunceda ufake i-Ubuntu kwi-Mac yakho, kwaye yenza ukuba iMac ikwazi ukuphinda ibenze ngokukhawuleza phakathi kweBuntu kunye ne-Mac OS. Enyanisweni, indlela esiyayisebenzisa ngayo ukuphinda kabini inokuthi iyanwetshulwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuya kuhlathulwa kathathu okanye ngaphezulu.

Ingaba ufuna ntoni

• Ukugcinwa kwamuva . Sincoma ikhonkco kwi-drive yangaphandle eqhutywayo equka ikhophi yevolumu yokubuyisela i-HD. Sincoma iCarbon Copy Cloner , engayenza i-clone kwaye ibandakanye ukwahlula kokubuyisela. Xa unesikhonkco sokusebenza, nqakraza kwi-Mac yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukugcinwa kwesikhokhelo samagcini akupheliswa ngengozi ngexesha lokufaka i-Ubuntu.
• I-Mac ene-2 ​​GB ye-RAM kunye ne-2 GHz yepropyor . Njengoko unokukrokrela, ezi zinto zingabonakali ubuncinane; I-RAM eninzi kunye nesantya esiphuthumayo seprojekti okanye iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo zeprojekiti zinokukunceda kuphela. Sifaka kwi-Retina iMac ye-27-intshi ye-27 intshi, kodwa inkqubo eyintloko kufuneka isebenze nayiphi na i-Mac yanamhlanje (intsha kune-2011). Ukuba uya kusebenzisa iMac endala, kufuneka uqhubeke ukwazi ukufaka Ubuntu kodwa kuya kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo indlela inkqubo yebhodi yokusebenza isebenza ngayo kwi-hardware endala. Ukuba unengxaki yokufumana iMac yakho esebenzayo ukuba isebenze no-Ubuntu, yeka iifom ze-Ubuntu kwaye uphendule izikhokelo zokufaka kwiMode yakho.
• I-2 GB okanye i-flash flash drive enkulu . I-flash drive iya kusetyenziswa njengendlela yokufaka i-Ubuntu efakiweyo engekho kuphela isifaki esisiseko kuphela, kodwa inguqu ephilayo yeBuntu ongayihamba ngqo kwi-flash flash drive ngaphandle kokuguqula nantoni kwi-Mac yakho. Le yindlela enkulu yokuvavanya ukuba i-Mac yakho ne-Ubuntu ingahamba.
• Ikhibhodi ye-USB kunye nemouse . Udinga i-USB-based based keyboard kunye nemouse kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba abaqhubi be-Bluetooth Ubuntu baya kufakelwa okanye bahlaziywe ngaphambi kokuba ikhibhodi engenakucingo okanye imouse isebenze.
• I-GB ye-free space space . Lo buncinane buncinci bukhuthazwa kwikhompyutheni yedesktop ye-Ubuntu esiya kufaka; indawo engakumbi yokusebenza nayo ingaba yinzuzo.
• Ubuntu 16.04.1 iLTS . Le ngongoma ekhoyo ekhoyo ye-Ubuntu eyayifumaneka xa siqalise le projekthi. Iinguqulelo zexesha elide kufuneka zisebenze ngokunjalo, khangela kuphela amanqaku okukhululwa kunye naluphi na utshintsho oluthile olunokuchaphazela ukufakwa okanye ukusebenzisa kwi-Mac yakho.

Yakha i-USB Bootable Ubuntu Installer ye-Mac OS

Umsebenzi wethu wokuqala ekufakeni nasekuqwalaseleni Ubuntu kwi-Mac yakho kukudala i- flash bootable flash drive ye-USB equle i-Ubuntu Desktop OS. Siza kusebenzisa le fowuni yefowuni ukuba singayifaki kuphela ukufaka Ubuntu, kodwa ukujonga ukuba Ubuntu inokugijima kwi-Mac yakho ngokusebenzisa amandla okuvula Ubuntu ngqo kwididi ye-USB ngaphandle kokufaka ukufakela. Oku kusenza sihlolisise imisebenzi eyisiseko ngaphambi kokuba uzinikele ekutshintsheni ukucwangciswa kweMac ukulungiselela ubuntu.

Ukulungiselela i-Flash Flash Drive

Enye yezinto zokuqala zokukhubeka ongahlangabezana nazo kukuba indlela yokuqhubela i-flash ifomathi ifomathiwe. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ngokuphosakeleyo ukuba i-flash drive idinga ukuba ifomati yeFAT ekhuphayo, efuna ukuba uhlobo lokwahlula lube yi-Master Boot Record, kwaye uhlobo lwefomathi lube yi-MS-DOS (FAT). Nangona oku kuyenzeka ngokufakela kwi-PCs, i-Mac yakho ifuna i-GUID iindidi zokuhlula ukuhlawulela, ngoko kufuneka sifomathe i-USB flash drive ukuze isebenzise kwi-Mac.

1. Faka i-flash flash drive, uze uqalise i- Disk Utility , efumaneka kwi- Applications / Utilities / .
2. Fumana i- flash drive kwi-sidebar ye-Disk Utility. Qiniseka ukuba ukhethe i-flash drive yangempela, kwaye awuyiyo ifomati efomathiweyo engabonakala ngaphantsi kwegama lomenzi we-flash drive.
   
   Isexwayiso : Le nkqubo ilandelayo iya kususa ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na idatha onokuyenza kwi-flash flash drive.
3. Cofa iqhosha lokucima kwiBark Tool Tool.
4. Iphepha lokuqhawula liya kulahla. Setha iphepha lokucofa kwiindlela ezilandelayo:
   • Igama: UBUNTU
   • Ifomathi: MS-DOS (FAT)
   • I-Scheme: GUID Imephu yokuPhula
5. Emva kokuba ifayile ye-Erase ifanelana nezicwangciso ezingasentla, nqakraza iqhosha lase- Erase .
6. I-flash flash drive iya kususwa. Xa inkqubo iphelile, nqakraza iqhosha elenziwe .
7. Ngaphambi kokuba ushiye iDisk Utility kufuneka wenze inqaku legama lefowuni ye-flash drive. Qinisekisa ukuba i-flash drive ebizwa ngokuba yi- UBUNTU ikhethiweyo kwibar yebhanki, ngoko kwipaneli ephezulu, khangela idilesi ebhalwe ngeCandelo . Kufuneka ubone igama lefowuni, njenge disk2s2, okanye kwimeko yam, disk7s2. Bhala phantsi igama lefowuni ; uya kuyidinga kamva.
8. Unako ukuyeka iDisk Utility.

UNetbootin Utility

Siza kusebenzisa i-UNetbootin, isebenzi ekhethekileyo yokudala i-Live Ubuntu ifowuni kwi-flash flash drive. I-UNetbootin izakukhuphela i-Ubuntu i-ISO, uyiguqulele kwifomati yesithombe uMac angayisebenzisa, yenze ikhonkco lokuqala efunekayo ngumfakeli we-Mac OS, kwaye uyikopishe kwi-flash flash drive.

1. I-UNetbootin inokukhutshwa kwisayithi ye-UNetbootin github. Qiniseka ukuba ukhethe i- Mac OS X version (nangona usebenzisa i-MacOS Sierra).
2. I-utility izakukhuphela njenge-disk umfanekiso, negama elithi unetbootin-mac-625.dmg. Inombolo yangempela kwifayile yefayile ingatshintshwa njengeenguqulelo ezintsha.
3. Fumana umfanekiso we disk UNetbootin ; mhlawumbi kuya kuba kufowuni yakho yeDownload.
4. Nqakraza kabini ifayile ye .dmg ukukhwela umfanekiso kwideskithophu yakho yeMac.
5. Umfanekiso we-UNetbootin uvula. Awudingi ukuhambisa ifowuni kwifolda yakho yezicelo, nangona unako ukuba unqwenela. Insiza iya kusebenza kakuhle ngaphakathi kwidiski yediski.
6. Qala i-UNetbootin ngokuchofoza kwesokudla kwi- app ye-unetbootin kwaye ukhethe i- Vula kwimenyu ye-popup.
   
   Qaphela: Sisebenzisa le ndlela ukuze siqalise insiza kuba umthuthukisi akayena umthubi we-Apple obhalisiweyo, kwaye izicwangciso ze-Mac zokukhusela ziyakuthintela insiza ukusuka ekuqaliseni. Le ndlela yokuqaliswa kwesicelo ikuvumela ukuba udlule izicwangciso zokhuselo oluyisiseko ngaphandle kokuba ungene kwiiNqweno zeNdlela ukuzitshintsha.
7. Inkqubo yokukhusela ye-Mac yakho iya kuqhubeka ikuxwayisa malunga nomncedisi we-app ingaqatshelwa, kwaye ubuze ukuba ufuna ngokwenene ukusebenzisa i-app. Cofa iqhosha lokuvula .
8. Ibhokisi yencoko yababini iya kuvula, ithi i-osascript ifuna ukwenza utshintsho. Faka iphasiwedi yomlawuli kwaye nqakraza.
9. Iwindow ye-UNetbootin iya kuvulwa.
   
   Qaphela : i-UNetbootin isekela ukudala i-Live USB ifowuni kwi-Linux usebenzisa ifayela le-ISO oye walilanda ngaphambili, okanye liyakulanda ukuhanjiswa kwe-Linux kuwe. Ungakhethi ukhetho lwe-ISO; I-UNetbootin okwamanje ayikwazi ukudala idrayivu ye-USB ehambelana ne-Mac esebenzisa i-Linux ISO oyilanda njengowomthombo. Kodwa ke, unokudala ngokufanelekileyo imodare ye-USB ekhuphayo xa ikhupha iifayile ze-Linux ngaphakathi kweso sicelo.
10. Qinisekisa ukuba ukuSasazwa kukhethwe, ke sebenzisa imenyu yeDawulo yokuLawula ukukhetha ukusabalalisa kwe- Linux ongathanda ukuyifaka kwi-flash flash drive. Kule projekthi, khetha Ubuntu .
11. Sebenzisa iMenu yeDesign dropdown menu ukukhetha 16.04_Live_x64 .
    
    Iphulo : Sikhethile inguqulo ye-16.04_Live_x64 kuba le Mac isebenzisa ubugcisa bendawo engama-64. Ezinye ze-Intel Macs zangaphambili zasebenzisa i-british 32-bit, kwaye ungadinga ukukhetha inguqulo ye-16.04_Live esikhundleni.
    
    Iphulo : Ukuba unomdla, unokhetha i-Daily_Live okanye i-Daily_Live_x64 iinguqulelo, eziza kuba neyona nto yangoku ye-beta version ye-Ubuntu. Oku kunokuba luncedo xa unemiba ye-USB ephilayo isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwi-Mac yakho, okanye ngabaqhubi abanjenge-Wi-Fi, i-Display, okanye i-Bluetooth engasebenzi.
12. Uhlelo lwe-UNetbootin kufuneka lube luhlu lohlobo (iDrayivu yeDiskhi) kunye negama leDrayivu ukuba ukusabalalisa Ubuntu Live kuya kukopishwa. Imenyu yohlobo kufuneka ibe ne-USB Drayivu, kwaye iDrayivu kufuneka ihambelane kunye negama lefowuni owenzile inqaku langaphambili, xa ufakela i-flash flash drive.
13. Emva kokuba uqinisekise ukuba i-UNetbootin ine-Distribution efanelekileyo, i-Version, ne-USB Drive ekhethiweyo, cofa iqhosha le- OK .
14. I-UNetbootin izakukhuphela ukuhanjiswa kwe-Linux ekhethiweyo, yenze iifayile zokufaka ii-Live Linux, zenze i-bootloader, kwaye uyikopishe kwi-flash flash drive yakho.
15. Xa i-UNetbootin iphelile, unokubona isilumkiso esilandelayo: "Idivaysi ye-USB eyenziwe ayiyi kukhupha i-Mac. Yifake kwi-PC, kwaye ukhethe ukhetho lwe-USB boot kwimenyu yebhokisi ye-BIOS." Ungayinakunya le ngcebiso xa ususetyenzise inketho yokuSasaza kwaye awuyiyo inketho ye-ISO xa udala idrayivu ye-USB ekhuphayo.
16. Cofa iqhosha lokuphuma .

Idrayivu ye-USB Live ene-Ubuntu idalwe kwaye ilungele ukuzama kwi-Mac yakho.

Ukudala iSahlulo seBuntu kwi-Mac yakho

Ukuba uceba ukufaka ngokusisigxina Ubuntu kwi-Mac yakho ngelixa ugcina i-Mac OS, kuya kufuneka wenze enye okanye imiqulu eninzi ngokukhethekileyo yokuhlala kwi-Ubuntu OS.

Inkqubo ngokwenene ilula kakhulu; Ukuba uke wahlukanisa i-Mac yakho, uvele wazi ama nyathelo abandakanyekayo. Okubalulekileyo, uya kusebenzisa iDisk Utility ukwahlula umthamo okhoyo ofana nokuqala kwe-Mac yakho, ukwenza indawo yomsindo wesibini. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona i-drive yonke, ngaphandle kwesithuthi sakho sokuqalisa, ukuya kwi-Ubuntu, okanye unokudala esinye isahlulo kwi-drive yokuqalisa. Njengoko uyakubona, kukho ukhetho oluninzi.

Ukuze udibanise enye inketho, unokufaka kwakhona Ubuntu kwi-drive yangaphandle exhunywe nge-USB okanye kwi-Thunderbolt.

Iimfuno zokuhlukanisa Ubuntu

Usenokuba uvile ukuba ii-Linux OSes zidinga izahlulo ezininzi ukuqhuba ngokusemandleni abo; esinye isahlulo se-disk swap space space, esinye se-OS, kunye nesithathu kwi-data yakho.

Nangona Ubuntu ingasebenzisa ukwahlula amaninzi, kunakho ukukwazi ukufakwa kwisahlulo esisodwa, yindlela esiza kuyisebenzisa. Unako ukuhlala usongeza isahluko sokutshintsha emva kweBuntu.

Kutheni Udala Isahlulo Esinye Soku?

Siza kusebenzisa i-disk partitioning utility efakwe ne-Ubuntu ukwenza ngokwenene indawo yokugcina indawo efunekayo. Oko sifuna iMac's Disk Utility ukukwenza kuthi ichaza loo ndawo, ngoko kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokusebenzisa xa ufaka Ubuntu. Cinga ngako ngale ndlela: xa sifika kwindawo e-Ubuntu ifake apho indawo yokuqhuba idluliselwe khona, asifuni ukukhetha ngokungafanelekanga i-Mac OS drive, okanye nayiphi na idatha ye-Mac OS eqhubayo, ukususela ekudaleni isikhala siya kusula nayiphi na inkcazelo kwivolumu ekhethiweyo.

Endaweni yoko, siza kwenza umqulu ngokulula ukubona igama, ifomathi, kunye nobukhulu obuya kuvela xa kufika ixesha lokuba ukhethe ivolumu yokufakela Ubuntu.

Sebenzisa iDisk Utility ukudala i-Ubuntu Install Target

Kukho ukubhalwa okulungileyo ekuya kukuthumela ekufundeni okukuxelela iinkcukacha, isinyathelo-nge-nyathelo, ukufometha nokwahlula ivolumu usebenzisa i-Mac's Disk Utility

Isexwayiso : Ukuhlukanisa, ukuguqula, kunye nokufometha nayiphi na idrayivu kungaholela ekulahlekeni kwedatha. Qinisekisa ukuba unakho ukugcinwa kweso salo naluphi na idatha kwiimoto ezikhethiweyo ezichaphazelekayo.

Icebiso : Ukuba usebenzisa i- Fusion drive , i-Mac OS ibeka umda weesahlulo ezimbini kumqulu we-Fusion. Ukuba usuvele udale isahlulelo se-Windows Boot Camp, awukwazi ukufaka isahlulo se-Ubuntu ngokunjalo. Cinga ukusebenzisa i-drive yangaphandle ne-Ubuntu endaweni.

Ukuba uya kusebenzisa isahlulo esele sikho, jonga ezi zikhokelo ezimbini zokuguqula nokuhlula:

I-Disk Utility: Indlela yokuvuselela umqulu wama-Mac (OS X El Capitan okanye kamva)

Ukwahlula iDrayivu nge-OS X El Capitan's Disk Utility

Ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa i-drive yonke ye-Ubuntu, sebenzisa isikhokelo sokufomatha:

Fometha i-Mac yeDrayivu usebenzisa i-Disk Utility (OS X El Capitan okanye kamva)

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba zeziphi izikhokelo ozisebenzisayo, khumbula ukuba isicwangciso sohlulo kufuneka sibe ngu-GUID Ukwahlula Imephu, kwaye ifomathi ingaba yi-MS-DOS (FAT) okanye i-ExFat. Ifomati ayibalulekanga kuba iya kutshintsha xa ufaka Ubuntu; Injongo yalo apha kukukwenza kube lula ukubona idiksi kunye nokwahlula oya kusebenzisa Ubuntu emva kwenkqubo yokufaka.

Enye inqaku lokugqibela: Yenza umthamo igama elinentsingiselo, njenge-UBUNTU, kwaye wenze inqaku lobukhulu obuqingqiweyo owenzayo. Zomibini iinkcukacha ziya kunceda ekuchongeni umthamo kamva, ngexesha lokufaka i-Ubuntu.

Ukusebenzisa i-rEFInd njengoMphathi wakho we-Double-Boot

Okwangoku, sisebenze ekukulungiseni i-Mac yakho ukufumana Ubuntu, kunye nokulungiselela i-installer ekhuselekileyo esinokuyisebenzisa kwinkqubo. Kodwa ngoku, siye sazinakalisa oko kufunekayo ukuze sikwazi ukuphinda uqalise i-Mac yakho kwi-Mac OS kunye ne-Ubuntu OS entsha.

Abaphathi beBhodi

I-Mac yakho sele isiza ifakwe umphathi webhokisi ekuvumela ukuba ukhethe phakathi kwama-multiple Mac okanye ii-OSes ezingasetyenziswa kwi-Mac yakho. Kwiikhokelo ezihlukeneyo, ndichaza ngokucacileyo indlela yokufaka umphathi webhokisi ekuqaleni ngokubamba iqhosha lokukhetha, njengokusebenzisa i -OS X yokubuyisela iDisk Guide .

Ubuntu ubuza kunye nomphathi weboot, obizwa ngokuba yi-GRUB (GRand Unified Boot Loader). Siza kusebenzisa i-GRUB kungekudala, xa sisebenzela inkqubo yokufakela.

Bobabini abaphathi bebhokisi abasebenzisayo banako ukujongana nenkqubo yokubumba ngokubini; Ngokwenene banokusingatha ii-OS ezininzi ezininzi kunabini nje. Kodwa umphathi we-boot ye-Mac akayi kuqonda i-Ubuntu OS ngaphandle kokunciphisa, kwaye umphathi webhobho ye-GRUB akayikuthanda kwam.

Ngoko, siza kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise umphathi we-boot party party obizwa ngokuba yi-REFInd. IREFInd inokusingatha zonke iimfuno zakho zokuphuhlisa i-Mac, kuquka ukuvumela ukuba ukhethe iMac OS, Ubuntu, okanye iWindows, ukuba kwenzeka ukuba uyifake.

Ukufaka iRFI

IREFInd kulula ukufaka; Umyalelo weXesha oqhelekileyo yiyo yonke into efunekayo, ubuncinane ukuba usebenzisa i- OS X Yosemite okanye ngaphambili. OS X El Capitan kwaye kamva unokongezo olongezelelweyo lokhuseleko oluthiwa yi-SIP (Inkqubo yoKhuseleko lweNkqubo). Ngokucacileyo, i-SIP ivimbela abasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo, kubandakanywa nabalawuli, ukusuka ekutshintsheni iifayile zenkqubo, kuquka iifayile ezikhethiweyo kunye neefolda i-Mac OS isebenzisa yona.

Njengomphathi webhokisi, i-rEFInd kufuneka ifake ngokwayo kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo yi-SIP, ngoko ke ukuba usebenzisa i-OS X El Capitan okanye kamva, kuya kufuneka ukhubaze inkqubo ye-SIP ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.

Ukukhubaza i-SIP

1. Sebenzisa imiyalelo ekusebenziseni i-OS X yokubuyisela i-Disk Isikhokelo soNcedisi, exhunywe ngasentla, ukuqala kwakhona iMac yakho usebenzisa i-HD yokubuyisela.
2. Khetha Izixhobo > I- Terminal ukusuka kwimenyu.
3. Kwiwindow ye Terminal evula, faka oku kulandelayo:
   csrutil ukhubaza
4. Cinezela Ukungena okanye Ukubuyela .
5. Qala kabusha iMac yakho.
6. Emva kokuba unesidingo seMacrosoft, uqalise i- Safari kwaye ulande i-rEFInd esuka ku-SourceForge kwi-rEFInd beta, umsebenzisi we-EFI boot utility.
7. Xa ukukhuphela kuqhotyoshelweyo, ungayifumana kwifolda egama li-refind-bin-0.10.4. (Inombolo ekupheleni kwegama lefolda ingatshintshwa njengeenguqulelo ezintsha.) Vula ifolda yokubuyisela-0.10.4.
8. Ukuqalisa i-Terminal, efumaneka kwi- Applications / Utilities /.
9. Hlela iwindow ye-Terminal kunye ne-refin-bin-0.10.4 iwindi yokufumana ukuze zombini ibonakale.
10. Hudula ifayile ebizwa ngokuba yi- repind-install ukusuka kwifolda yokubuyisela-0.10.4 ukuya kwiWindows window.
11. Kwiwindow ye Terminal, cindezela Faka okanye Buyela .
12. I-IRF iya kufakwa kwi-Mac yakho.
    
    Ukhetho kodwa ukhuthazwa :
    1. Phindela emuva kwi-SIP ngokufaka oku kulandelayo kwisiGxina:
       csrutil inika amandla
    2. Cinezela Ukungena okanye Ukubuyela .
13. Terminal Close.
14. Khubaza iMic yakho. (Musa ukuqala kwakhona; sebenzisa umyalelo weShut Down .)

Ukusebenzisa i-USB Live Drive kwi-Try Out Ubuntu kwi-Mac yakho

I-USB ephilayo ye-Ubuntu esiyidala ngaphambili ingasetyenziselwa ukufaka ngokusisigxina Ubuntu kwi-Mac yakho, kunye nokuzama u-Ubuntu ngaphandle kokufaka i-OS. Ngokuqinisekileyo ungagxuma ekwenzeni ukufakela, kodwa ndiya kukucebisa ukuba uzame Ubuntu kuqala. Isizathu esibalulekileyo kukuba siya kukuvumela ukuba ufumene nayiphi na ingxaki obhekene nayo phambi kokufaka ukugcwalisa ngokupheleleyo.

Eminye yemiba onokuyifumana ibandakanya ukufakwa kwe-Live USB engasebenzi ngekhadi lakho lemifanekiso ye-Mac. Le ngenye yezinto eziqhelekileyo ezijongene nabasebenzisi be-Mac xa befaka i-Linux. Unokufumana kwakhona ukuba i-Wi-Fi yakho okanye iBluetooth ayisebenzi. Ininzi yale micimbi ingalungiswa emva kokufakela, kodwa ukwazi ngabo ngaphambi kwexesha kukuvumela ukuba wenze uphando oluthile kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo ze-Mac, ukulandelela imiba kwaye mhlawumbi ufumane abaqhubi abafunekayo, okanye ubuncinane bayazi ukuba bafumane phi .

Ukuzama Ubuntu kwi-Mac yakho

Ngaphambi kokuba uzame ukuhlaziya kwiDrive yeDiski ye-USB oyidalile, kukho ukulungelelanisa ukwenza.

• Qinisekisa ukuba i-USB Live flash drive ixhunyiwe ngqo kwi- USB yakho okanye kwiichweba ze-Thunderbolt . Ungasebenzisi i-hub ye-USB, njengoko akuqhelekanga kwiDiskhi ye-USB ekhompyutheni ukuba ihluleke ukubonisa xa ixhunyiwe kwi-hub.
• Qinisekisa ukuba unebhodi ye-USB kunye nemouse ye-USB exhunywe kwi-Mac yakho. Khumbula, enye yeemeko eziqhelekileyo ilahlekile abaqhubi beBluetooth, okuya kuthintela ikhibhodi yakho engenasiphelo kunye ne mouse ukuba isetyenziswe.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, qhagamshela iMac yakho kwinethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya nge-port ye-Ethernet port. Oku kungenxa yezizathu ezifanayo njengekhibhodi engenakucingo okanye mouse; ukuba kungenzeka ukuba abaqhubi be-Wi-Fi baza kuhlaziywa okanye badibaniswe ukuze bafumane inethiwekhi yakho engenazintambo.

Ukuba ulungele, masikunike i-boot.

1. Khubaza phantsi okanye Qala kabusha iMac yakho. Ukuba ufake i-rEFInd umphathi webhokisi uza kuvele ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuba ukhethe ukungasebenzisi i-rEFInd kwaye ngokukhawuleza xa i-Mac yakho iqalisa ukuqala, bamba iqhosha lokukhetha . Gcina ubambe phantsi uze ubone umphathi we-boot ye-Mac ubonise uluhlu lwezixhobo ezifumanekayo ongaqala ngalo.
2. Sebenzisa izitshixo zokucoca ukukhetha okanye iBoot EFI \ boot \ ... ukungena ( rEFInd ) okanye ukungena kwe- EFI Drive ( umphathi we-Mac boot ) oluhlu.
   
   Iphulo : Ukuba awuyi kubona i-EFI Drive okanye i-Boot EFI \ boot \ ... kwoluhlu, vala kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iDrive ye-USB ehambayo ixhunyiwe ngqo kwi-Mac yakho. Ungaphinda ufuna ukususa zonke iinkalo ezivela kwi-Mac yakho, ngaphandle kwe mouse, ikhibhodi, i-USB Live flash drive, kunye noxhumano lwe-Ethernet.
3. Emva kokuba ukhethe i- Boot EFI \ boot \ ... okanye i- EFI Drive icon, cinezela Faka okanye Buya kwikhibhodi.
4. I-Mac yakho iya kuqala ngokusebenzisa i-USB Live flash drive kwaye ibone umphathi we-GRUB 2. Uza kubona isiboniso esisisiseko esibhaliweyo ubuncinane okungeniso ezine:
   • Zama Ubuntu ngaphandle kokufaka.
   • Faka Ubuntu.
   • Ukufakwa kwe-OEM (kubavelisi).
   • Hlola idiski yeziphene.
5. Sebenzisa izitshixo zokutsala ukukhetha u- Try Ubuntu ngaphandle kokufaka , uze ucinezela Faka okanye Buyela .
6. Umboniso kufuneka ube mnyama ngexesha elifutshane, uze ubonise isikrini se-Ubuntu splash, esilandelwe yi-desktop Ubuntu. Ixesha elipheleleyo le nto kufuneka libe yiminitha engama-30 ukuya kwemizuzu embalwa. Ukuba ulinde ngaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu, kunokwenzeka ukuba ingxaki yemizobo.
   
   Iphulo : Ukuba isibonakaliso sakho sihlala simnyama, awusayi kushiya isikrini se-Ubuntu, okanye isibonakaliso asikwazi ukufunda, mhlawumbi unenkinga yokuqhuba imifanekiso. Ungalungisa oku ngokuguqula umyalelo we-Ubuntu boot loader njengoko kuchazwe ngezantsi.

Ukuguqula i-GRUB Boot Loader Command

1. Khubaza iMac yakho ngokucinezela nokugcina inkinobho ye- P ower .
2. Emva kokuba iMac ikhuphe phantsi, qala kwakhona kwaye ubuyele kwisikrini se- GRUB boot loader usebenzisa imiyalelo engentla.
3. Khetha Ukuzama Ubuntu ngaphandle kokufaka , kodwa ungacinezela ukungena okanye ukubuyela. Endaweni cofa iqhosha elithi 'e' ukufaka umhleli oza kukuvumela ukuba wenze utshintsho kwimilayezo yeboot loader.
4. Umhleli uya kubandakanya imiqolo embalwa yombhalo. Udinga ukuguqula umgca ofunda:

   linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi ifayile = / cdrom / preseed / Ubuntu.seed boot = i-casper ithule iphele ---

5. Phakathi kwamazwi 'ukukhahlela' kunye '---' kufuneka ufakele ezi zilandelayo:

   nomodeet

6. Umgca kufuneka ugqibe ukujonga oku:

   linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi ifayile = / cdrom / preseed / Ubuntu.seed boot = i-casper ithule iphele i-nomodeet ---

7. Ukuze wenze ukuhlela, sebenzisa izitshixo zokutsala ukuhambisa isikhombisi kwindawo ekuhambeni emva kokuba igama lichazwe, uze uthayiphe 'i- nomodeet ' ngaphandle kwezicatshulwa. Kufuneka kubekho isikhala esiphakathi kwe-splash kunye ne-nomodeet kunye nesithuba phakathi kwegama-nomodeet kunye ne----.
8. Xa umgca ubonakala uchanileyo, cinezela uF10 ukuqalisa ngokutsha kweetesti.

Qaphela : utshintsho olwenzile alugcinanga; zisetyenziswe nje ngeli xesha elilodwa. Ukuba kufuneka usebenzise i-Try Ubuntu ngaphandle kokufaka inketho kwixesha elizayo, kufuneka uhlele umgca kwakhona.

Iphulo : Ukongeza 'i-nomodeet' yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulungisa umba wemifanekiso xa ufaka, kodwa akuyena kuphela. Ukuba uqhubeka nokubonisa imiba, unokuzama oku okulandelayo:

Qinisekisa ukwenziwa kwekhadi lemifanekiso oyi-Mac yakho esebenzayo. Unokwenza oku ngokukhetha malunga nale Mac evela kwimenyu ye-Apple. Khangela itekisi ye-Graphics, yenza inqaku leemifanekiso ezisetyenzisiweyo, uze usebenzise enye yezinto ezilandelayo endaweni ye 'nomodeet':

nvidia.modeset = 0

radeon.modeset = 0

intel.modeset = 0

Ukuba usenokuba neengxaki kunye nesibonakaliso, khangela iifom ze-Ubuntu ngemibandela yakho yeMic model.

Ngoku ukuba unayo i-Live Live ye-Ubuntu eqhubayo kwi-Mac yakho, khangela ukuba uqinisekise inethwekhi yakho ye-WI-Fi isebenzayo, kunye ne-Bluetooth, ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ukufaka Ubuntu kwi-Mac yakho

Okwangoku, unesidiski se-Live USB flash esebenza nge-Ubuntu installer, i-Mac yakho eyenziwe ngokuhlula okulungele ukusetjenziswa ukufaka Ubuntu, kunye nomnwe we mouse ogxininisayo ulinde ukucofa kwi-Ubuntu icon onayo kwi-Live Ubuntu desktop.

Faka Ubuntu

1. Ukuba ulungele, nqakraza kabini i- Install Ubuntu icon.
2. Khetha ulwimi ofuna ukuyisebenzisa, uze uqhafaze Qhubeka .
3. Vumela i-installer ukulanda uhlaziyo njengoko kuyimfuneko, kubini i-Ubuntu OS kunye nabaqhubi abangayimfuneko. Beka uphawu lokukhangela kwi- Download Updates ngenkathi ufake i-Ubuntu checkbox, kunye nokufaka isofthiwe ye-third-party software kwi-graphics kunye ne-WI-FI ye-hardware, i-Flash, i-MP3 kunye namanye amabhokisi eendaba . Cofa iqhosha lokuqhubeka.
4. Ubuntu unikeza iintlobo ezininzi zokufakelwa. Ekubeni sifuna ukufaka i-Ubuntu kwisahlulo esithile, khetha Into engaphezulu kwenye uluhlu, uze uqhafaze Qhubeka .
5. I-installer iya kubonisa uluhlu lwamacebo okugcina axhunyiwe kwi-Mac yakho. Udinga ukufumana ivolumu oyidalile usebenzisa iMac's Disk Utility ngaphambili. Ngenxa yokuba amagama eefowuni ahluke, kufuneka usebenzise ubungakanani kunye nefomathi yomsindo owawudalile. Emva kokuba ufumane umthamo ochanekileyo, sebenzisa imouse okanye izitshixo zokucima ukugqamisa ukwahlula , uze uklibhoze iqhosha leTshintsho.
   
   Iphulo : Ubuntu ibonisa ubukhulu bobubanzi eMegabytes (MB), ngelixa iMac ibonisa ubukhulu njengeGigabytes (GB). 1 GB = 1000 MB
6. Sebenzisa Sebenzisa njenge: imenyu ehlayo ukukhetha inkqubo yefayili ukuyisebenzisa. Sakhetha inkqubo yefayile ye- ext4 yefayile.
7. Sebenzisa iMenu Point imenyu ehlayo ukukhetha "/" ngaphandle kweengcaphuno. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumsi . Cofa iqhosha le- OK .
8. Unokuxwayiswa ukuba ukhetho lwesahlulo esitsha kufuneka lubhalelwe kwi disk. Cofa iqhosha lokuqhubeka.
9. Ngokwahlula oye waguqula ukhethiweyo, cofa iqhosha lokuFaka iNje.
10. Unokucetyiswa ukuba awuyi kuchazi nayiphi na isahlulelo esisetyenziselwa ukutshintsha indawo. Unokongeza isithuba sokutshintsha emva kwexesha; cofa iqhosha lokuqhubeka.
11. Uya kuxelwa ukuba utshintsho olwenzileyo luya kuzinikela kwi disk; cofa iqhosha lokuqhubeka.
12. Khetha indawo yexesha ukusuka kwimephu okanye ungene kwisixeko esikhulu ensimini. Cofa Qhubeka .
13. Khetha ukhetho lwebhodibhodi , uze uqhafaze Qhubeka .
14. Yenza i-akhawunti yakho yomsebenzisi ngokufaka igama lakho, igama lekhompyutha , igama lomsebenzisi kunye nephasiwedi . Cofa Qhubeka .
15. Inkqubo yofakelo iya kuqala, kunye nebha yendawo yokubonisa inkqubela.
16. Xa ukufakela kuqedile, unokuklibanisa iqhosha lokuqalisa kwakhona .

Kufuneka ube ne-operative version ye-Ubuntu efakwe kwi-Mac yakho.

Emva kokuqalisa kwakhona, unokwazi ukuba umphathi we-rEFInd uqhuba kwaye ubonisa iMac OS, i-Recovery HD kunye ne-Ubuntu OS. Unokuklikha kwiziphi iimpawu ze-OS ukukhetha inkqubo yokusebenza ofuna ukuyisebenzisa.

Ekubeni mhlawumbi ukhula ukubuyela ku-Ubuntu, cofa kwi icon Ubuntu .

Ukuba emva kokuqalisa kwakhona unemiba, njengezixhobo ezingekhoyo okanye ezingasebenziyo (i-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, iiprinta, i-scanners), ungabheka kwi-Ubuntu kuluntu ngeengcebiso ngokufumana yonke i-hardware yakho esebenzayo.