Esi sikhokelo siza kukubonisa indlela yokuluhlu lweedivayisi, ukuqhuba, ii- PCI kunye namadivayisi e- USB kwikhompyuter yakho. Ukufumana ukuba zeziphi iifayile ezikhoyo ziza kuboniswa ngokufutshane ukuba zibonise njani izixhobo ezikhutshiwe, kwaye ke uya kuboniswa indlela yokubonisa zonke iimoto.
Sebenzisa iMount Command
Kwisikhokelo esingaphambili, ndabonisa indlela yokubeka iifowuni usebenzisa i-Linux . Ngoku ndiya kukubonisa indlela yokubhala uluhlu lweefowuni eziphakamileyo.
I-syntax elula kakhulu ongayisebenzisa ilandelayo:
ukunyuka
Isiphumo esivela kumyalelo ongentla sithetha ngokuqinisekileyo kwaye siya kuba yinto enje:
/ dev / sda4 kwi / type ext4 (bb, relatime, iiposiso = i-remount-ro, idatha = iyalwe)
ukhuseleko kwi / / sys / kernel / ukhuseleko lohlobo lwezokuphepha (rw, nosuid, nodev, noexec, relat
ime)
Kukho ulwazi oluninzi kangangokuba alukho lula ukufunda.
Iimoto ezinzima ngokubanzi ziqala nge / dev / sda okanye / dev / sdb ukuze usebenzise umyalelo we-grep ukunciphisa umphumo ngale ndlela:
intaba | grep / dev / sd
Iziphumo ngeli xesha ziza kubonisa into enje:
/ dev / sda4 kwi / type ext4 (bb, relatime, iiposiso = i-remount-ro, idatha = iyalwe)
/ dev / sda1 kwi / boot / efi uhlobo vfat (rw, relatime, fmask = 0077, dmask = 0077, codepage = 437, iocharset = iso8859-1, ifanki = ixutywe, amaphutha = i-remount-ro)
Oku akulona uluhlu lwamatshini akho kodwa lubala uluhlu lwakho oluthile. Alukho uluhlu lwezahlulo ezingakabikho.
Isixhobo / dev / sda ngokuqhelekileyo simele i-hard drive 1 kwaye ukuba unesibini i-hard drive kwaye iya kukhwela kwi / dev / sdb.
Ukuba unayo i- SSD ke oku kuya kulandelwa kwi / dev / sda kunye ne-hard drive ephawulwe kwi-dev / sdb.
Njengoko unako ukubona ikhomputer yakho ine-drive / dev / sda drive kunye neesahlulo ezi-2 eziphakanyisiweyo. Ukwahlula / dev / sda4 kunesiseko sefayile kunye nalapho iBuntu ifakwe khona. I-dev / sda1 yi- EFI isahlulelo esisetyenziselwa ukuqalisa inkqubo ekuqaleni.
Le khompyutheni isetyenziswe kwi-boot bobabini nge-Windows 10. Ukuze ubone ii-Windows partitions, ndiza kuzinyusa.
Sebenzisa i-lsblk Ukubhala ii-Block Devices
Intaba ilungile ukubeka uluhlu lwezixhobo ezifakiwe kodwa alubonakalisi zonke iifowuni onayo kwaye iziphumo zenza ukuba kunzima ukufunda.
Indlela eyona ndlela yokubala uluhlu kwi-Linux kukusebenzisa i-lsblk ngale ndlela:
lsblk
Ulwazi luyaboniswa kwifomathi yomthi ngolwazi olulandelayo:
- Igama
- Inombolo encinci yenguqulo
- Ngaba iyasuswa
- Size
- Ngaba ifundwayo
- Ingaba iyidisk okanye isahlulo
- Uphi ukwahlukana okukhoyo
Isiboniso sibonakala into enje:
- sda - 8.0 - 0 - 931 GB - 0 - disk
- sda1 - 8.1 - 0 - 500M - 0 - inxenye - / ibhokisi / efi
- sda2 - 8.2 - 0 - 128M - 0 - inxenye
- sda3 - 8.3 - 0 - 370.6 i-G - 0 - inxenye
- sda4 - 8.4 - 0 - 554.4 G - 0 - inxalenye /
- sda5 - 8.5 - 0 - 5.9G - 0 - inxenye - [SWAP]
- sr0 - 11: 0 - 1 - 1024M - 0 - rom
Ulwazi lulula lula ukufunda. Uyabona ukuba ndinayo idrayivu enye ebizwa ngokuba yi-sda ene-931 gigabytes. I-SDA ikwahlula kwiinqununu ezi-2 okanye eziphakanyisiweyo kunye nesithathu esabelwe ukutshintsha.
Kukho i-drive ebizwa ngokuba yi-sr0 eyona nto idibeneyo yeDVD.
Ukubhala uluhlu lwee-PCI
Enye into yokuba ufanele ufunde nge Linux kukuba ukuba ufuna ukuluhlu naluphi na ngoko kukho umyalelo oqala ngeeleta "ls".
Usuke ubona ukuba "lsblk" iluhlu lwamacandelo ebloko kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukubonisa indlela iisa disks ezibekiwe ngayo.
Kufuneka ukwazi nokuba umyalelo we-ls usetyenziselwa ukufumana uluhlu lwemibhalo.
Kamva, uya kusebenzisa umyalelo we-lsusb ukuba uluhlu lweeditshini ze-USB kwikhompyutha.
Ungaphinda ubhale izixhobo ngokusebenzisa umyalelo we-lsdev kodwa uya kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba i-proinfo ifakiwe ukuze usebenzise loo myalelo.
Ukubhala uluhlu lweefayile ze-PCI zisebenzisa umyalelo we-lspci ngolu hlobo:
lspci
Isiphumo esivela kumyalelo ongentla saphinda sichaze ukuba usenokuba nolwazi olungakumbi kunokuba uxoxwe.
Nantsi imifanekiso emfutshane ekuluhlu kwam:
00: 02.0 Umlawuli ochaphazelekayo weVGA: Intel Corporation I-3rd Gen Core processor Grap
I-hics Controller (rev 09)
00: 14.0 Umlawuli we-USB: Intel Corporation 7 Series / C210 Series I-Chipset yooNtsapho yase-US
Umxhasi we-B xHCI (v 04)
Uluhlu lubhala yonke into esuka kubalawuli beVGA kwi-USB, isandi, i-Bluetooth, abalawuli be-wireless kunye ne-ethernet.
Okumangalisa ukuba uluhlu lwe-lspci oluqhelekileyo luqwalaselwa njengesiseko kwaye ukuba ufuna ulwazi oluthe vetshe malunga nesixhobo ngasinye ungaqhuba umyalelo olandelayo:
lspci -v
Ingcaciso yesixhobo ngasinye ibheka into enje:
02: 00.0 Umlawuli womnatha: I-Qualcomm Atheros AR9485 I-Adapter ye-Wireless Network (rev 01)
Isistim: iDell AR9485 I-Adapter Network Wireless
Iiflegi: umphathi webhasi, i-devsel fast, latency 0, IRQ 17
Imemori kwi-c0500000 (64-bit, engakhethiweyo) [size = 512K]
I-ROM yokwandisa kwi-c0580000 [abakhubazekile] [ubungakanani = 64K]
Amandla:
Umqhubi weKernel usebenzisa: ath9k
Iimodyuli zeKernel: ath9k
Isiphumo esivela kumyalelo we-lspci -v ngokwenene siyafundwa kwaye unokubona ngokucacileyo ukuba ndinomakhadi we-Qualcomm Atheros engenazintambo.
Unokufumana imveliso engaphezulu ngokusebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
lspci -vv
Ukuba oko akunakwanela zama oku okulandelayo:
lspci -vvv
Kwaye ukuba oko akunako. Hayi, ndiyodwa. Iyayeka apho.
Into ebalulekileyo kakhulu ye-lspci ngaphandle kokubala izixhobo ngumqhubi wekernel esetyenziswe kule fowuni. Ukuba ifowuni ayisebenziyo, kufuneka ukuba uphando malunga nokuba kukho umqhubi ongcono okhoyo kwisixhobo.
Uluhlu Iifowuni ze-USB ezifakwe kwiKhompyutha
Ukubhala uluhlu lweedivayisi ze-USB ezikhoyo kwiikhomputha yakho zisebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
lsusb
Imveliso iya kuba yinto enje:
Ibhasi 002 Idivaysi 002: I-ID 8087: 0024 Intel Corp. I-Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Ibhasi 002 Isixhobo 001: I-ID 1d6b: 0002 I-Linux Foundation 2.0 i-root hub
I-001 Idolophu 005: ID 0c45: 64ad Microdia
I-001 001 Isixhobo se-004: I-ID 0bda: 0129 I-Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5129 I-Controller ye-Card Reader
Isithuthi 001 Isixhobo 007: I-ID 0cf3: e004 I-Atheros Communications, Inc.
I-001 001 Isixhobo se-002: I-ID 8087: 0024 Intel Corp. I-Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Ibhasi 001 Isixhobo 001: I-ID 1d6b: 0002 I-Linux Foundation 2.0 i-root hub
Ibhasi 004 Idivaysi 002: ID 0bc2: 231a Seagate RSS LLC
Ibhasi 004 Isixhobo 001: I-ID 1d6b: 0003 I-Linux Foundation 3.0 i-root hub
Ibhasi 003 Idivaysi 002: I-ID 054c: 05a8 I-Sony Corp.
Ibhasi 003 Isixhobo 001: I-ID 1d6b: 0002 I-Linux Foundation 2.0 i-root hub
Ukuba ufaka idivaysi ye-USB kwikhompyutheni efana nedrayivu yangaphandle kwaye ugijime umyalelo we-lsusb uza kubona ifowuni ibonakala kuhlu.
Isishwankathelo
Ukufingqa ngoko, indlela engcono yokuluhlula naluphi na ngaphandle kwi-Linux kukukhumbula okulandelayo:
- ls - dwelisa iifayile kwifayile yefayile
- lsblk - dwelisa izixhobo zebhloko (oko kukuthi ukuqhuba)
- i-lspci-dwelisa iipci zixhobo
- i-lsusb-dwelisa iifowuni ze-USB
- lsdev - dwelisa zonke iifowuni