Uninzi lwabantu aluyiqondi, kodwa sithembele ekubetheni inethiwekhi rhoqo xa sihamba kwi-intanethi. Yonke into esuka ebhankini kunye nokuthengwa ukujonga i-imeyile, sithanda ukuthengiswa kwe-Intanethi ukukhuselwa kakuhle, kwaye ukubethela kukunceda ukwenza oko kwenzeka.
Yiyiphi i-Cryptocryption?
Ukubhaliweyo kuyindlela eyaziwayo nefanelekileyo yokukhusela idatha yenethwekhi. Inkqubo yokubethela ifihla idatha okanye iziqulatho zomyalezo ngendlela enoba ulwazi lwangaphambili luya kufunyanwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ehambelanayo yokuchithwa . Ukubhalwa kweefomption kunye nokuchithwa kwindlela eqhelekileyo kwi- cryptography - uqeqesho lwezenzululwazi emva kokunxibelelana olukhuselekileyo.
Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubhala kunye nokuchithwa (ezibizwa ngokuba yi- algorithms ) zikhona. Ngokukodwa kwi-Intanethi, kunzima kakhulu ukugcina iinkcukacha zezi zilungiso eziyimfihlo. Abalawuli be-Cryptographer baqonda oku kwaye baqulunqe izilungiso zabo ukwenzela ukuba basebenze nokuba ngaba iinkcukacha zabo zokuphunyezwa zenziwa zikarhulumente. Uninzi lwe-encryption algorithms lufezekisa le nqanaba lokukhusela ngokusebenzisa izitshixo .
Yiyiphi i-Encryption Key?
Kwikhompygraphy yekhompyutheni, iqhosha lilandelelwano olude lweebhittshi ezisetyenziswe ngokubhaliweyo kunye nokuchithwa kwe-algorithms. Ngokomzekelo, oku kulandelayo kubhekisela kwisicatshulwa esingundoqo se-40-bit:
00001010 01101001 10011110 00011100 01010101
I-algorithm ye-encryption ithatha umyalezo wokuqala ongabikho myalezo, kunye nencoko efana nelapha ngasentla, kwaye uguqule umyalezo wesigcawu semathematika ngokusekelwe kwimibhobho yokhiye ukudala umyalezo omtsha obhaliweyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-algorithm ye-decryption ithatha umyalezo obhaliweyo kwaye uyibuyisele kwifomu yayo yasekuqaleni isebenzisa enye okanye ezinye izitshixo.
Ezinye izilungiso ze-cryptographic algorithms zisebenzisa isicatshixo esisodwa sokubhaliweyo kunye nokuchithwa. Ingundoqo enjalo kufuneka igcinwe imfihlo; Ngenye indlela, nabani na onolwazi lwesitshixo esisetyenziselwa ukuthumela umyalezo unokunikezela okhiye kwi-algorithm yokumemezela ukufunda loo myalezo.
Ezinye izilungiso zisebenzise isitshixo esisodwa sokubhaliweyo kunye neyesibini, ukhiye ohlukileyo wokuchithwa. Ukhiye wokubhaliweyo unokuhlala uluntu kulo mzekelo, njengoko kungenakho ulwazi lwemiyalezo eyimfuneko yokufundwa kwemisebenzi. Iiprotokholi ezikhuselekileyo ze-intanethi zisebenzisa i- key encrypted.
Ukubhalwa kweeNkcazo kwiiNethwekhi zeeKhaya
Iinqununu zasekhaya ze-Wi-Fi zixhasa iinkqubo ezininzi zokukhusela eziquka i- WPA ne- WPA2 . Nangona ezi zizona zikhombisi ze-encryption ezinamandla kunokuba zikhona, zanele ukukhusela amanxeba asekhaya ekubeni neendlela zabo zithengiswa ngabangaphandle.
Qinisekisa ukuba kwaye kwaye uluhlobo luni lwe-encryption olusebenzayo kwinethwekhi yasekhaya ngokujonga i- router ebanzi (okanye enye inethiwekhi yesango ).
Ukubethela kwi-Intanethi
Iiphequluli zeWebhsayithi zanamhlanje zisebenzisa i-protocol yeSecurity Sockets Layer (SSL) yokulandelelana kwe-intanethi ekhuselekileyo. I-SSL isebenza ngokusebenzisa ukhiye woluntu wokubhaliweyo kunye nencoko yangasese eyahlukileyo yokuchithwa. Xa ubona isiqalo se-HTTPS kwiqhosha le- URL kwisiphequluli sakho, ibonisa ukubethela kwe-SSL okwenzeka emva kweemboniso.
Indima yexesha elide kunye noKhuseleko lweNethiwekhi
Ngenxa yokuba zombini i-WPA / WPA2 kunye ne-SSL encryption incike kakhulu kwiitshixo, enye imilinganiselo evamile yokusebenza kwe-encryption yenethiwekhi ngokubhekiselele kubude obuphambili-inani leebhakethi kwisitshixo.
Ukuqaliswa kokuqala kwe-SSL kwi-Netscape kunye ne-Intanethi ye-Internet Explorer kwiiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo isebenzisa umgangatho wokubethela we-SSL we-40-bit. Ukuqaliswa kokuqala kweWEP kumanethiwekhi asekhaya asetyenziswe okhiye be-40-bit encryption.
Ngelishwa, ukubethelwa kwe-40-bit kwinto elula kakhulu ukuyichaza okanye "ukuphazamisa" ngokuqiqa iqhosha elichanekileyo lokuchonga. Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokucacisa ngokukraftography ebizwa ngokuba yi- brute-force decryption isebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kwekhompyutheni ukubala ngokubanzi kwaye uzame yonke into ebalulekileyo enye. Ukubetha oku-2-bit, umzekelo, kubandakanya ezine iinqununu ezibalulekileyo zokuqiqa:
00, 01, 10 no-11
Ukubethela oku-3-bit kubandakanya iinqununu ezisibhozo ezinokubakho, ukubethelwa kwe-4-bit encryption 16, kwaye njalo njalo. Ukuthetha ngeMathematika, 2 n iimiqathango ezinokwenzeka ezikhoyo kwi-n-bit key.
Nangona i-2 40 ibonakala ngathi yinani elikhulu kakhulu, akunzima kakhulu kwiikhomputha zanamhlanje ukuba zidibanise ezi zinto zininzi ngexesha elifutshane. Abenzi beprogram yezokhuseleko baqaphela imfuneko yokwandisa amandla okubhaliweyo kunye nokufudukela kwi-128-bit nangaphezulu amanqanaba okubhala ngeeminyaka emininzi edlulileyo.
Ukuqhathaniswa ne-encryption ye-40-bit, ukubetha kwe-128-bit kubonisa iziganeko ezongezelelweyo ezingama-88 ezide. Oku kuguqulela kwi-2 88 okanye ukunyuka
309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056
ukudibanisa okongeziweyo okufunekayo ukuchithwa kwamandla omzimba. Ezinye iinkqubo ezisebenza ngokubanzi kumadivayisi ziyenzeka xa kufuneka zibhapathize kwaye zichithwe umyalezo wezithuthi ezi zitshixo, kodwa iinzuzo zidlula iindleko.