Inkqubo yefowuni endala (i- PSTN ) isebenzisa ukujikeleza kwesekethe ukuhambisa idatha yezwi ngelixa i-VoIP isebenzisa ipakethi-ukutshintsha ukwenza njalo. Ukwahlukana kwindlela le mibini yokutshintsha umsebenzi yinto eyenza iVoIP ihluke kwaye iphumelele.
Ukuqonda ukutshintsha, kufuneka uqaphele ukuba inethwekhi ephakathi kwabantu ababini ukuthetha kuyinkalo eyinkimbinkimbi yezixhobo kunye noomatshini, ngakumbi ukuba intanethi i-intanethi. Cinga ngomntu waseMauritius enomnxeba wefowuni nomnye umntu ngaphesheya kwehlabathi, uthe e-US. Kukho inani elikhulu labathutha, iitshintshi kunye nezinye iindidi zezixhobo ezithatha idatha esetyenziswe ngexesha loqhagamshelwano ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye.
Ukutshintsha nokuhamba
Ukutshintshela nokuhamba ngeendlela zizinto ezimbini ezihlukeneyo, kodwa ngenxa yokulula, masithathe ukutshintsha kunye nee-routers (ezi zixhobo ezenza ukutshintsha nokuhamba ngokulandelanayo) njengoko izixhobo zenza umsebenzi omnye: yenza unxibelelwano kwindawo yokudibana kunye nokuthumela idatha esuka umthombo ukuya kwindawo.
Iindlela okanye iiCandelo
Into ebalulekileyo ukujonga ekudluliseni ulwazi malunga nenethiwekhi enzima kakhulu yindlela okanye isiphaluka. Iifowuni ezenza umendo zibizwa ngokuba ngama-nodes. Ngokomzekelo, ukutshintsha, i-routers, kunye nezinye iifowuni zedivayili zizaziso.
Ekutshintsheni kwesekethe, le ndlela igqitywe ngaphambi kokuqala kokudluliswa kwedatha. Inkqubo inquma ukuba yiphi indlela eya kulandela, ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokulungisa i-algorithm, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kuyahamba ngokwendlela. Kuphela ubude beseshoni yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwamalungu amabini axoxisanayo, indlela izinikezelwe kwaye ikhutshwe kwaye ikhutshwe kuphela xa iseshoni iphela.
Iipakethi
Ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda ukupakisha iipakethi, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba ipakethe yintoni. I- Intanethi ye-intanethi (IP) , njengamanye amaninzi amaprotoksi , iphula idatha kwiinkcukacha kwaye ifake i-chunks kwiindawo ezibizwa ngokuba yiipakethi. Iipakethe nganye ziqulethe, kunye nomthwalo wedatha, ulwazi malunga nekheli le- IP yomthombo kunye neendawo zokuhlala, iinombolo ezilandelelanayo, kunye nolunye ulwazi lolawulo. Ipakethi inokuthiwa njengecandelo okanye idatha.
Xa befikile ekuya kuyo, amapakethi aphinde ahlanganiswe ukuze enze idatha yangaphambili kwakhona. Ngoko ke, kuyacaca ukuba ukudlulisa idatha kwiipakethi, kufuneka ibe yidatha yedijithali.
Ukupakisha iipakethe, iipakethi zithunyelwa kwindawo ekuya kuyo ngaphandle kwayo. Iipakethi nganye kufuneka zifumene indlela yazo ukuya kwindawo eya kuyo. Akukho ndlela echazwe ngaphambili; isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi i-node yokukhupha ukuya kwisinyathelo esilandelayo ithathwa kuphela xa kufike i-node. Iipakethi nganye ifumana indlela yayo isebenzisa ulwazi oluyithwalayo, njengendawo yokufumana i-IP kunye neendawo zokuya kuyo.
Njengoko umele uqikelele oko, inkqubo yefowuni ye- PSTN isebenzisa ukujikeleza kwesekethe ngelixa i-VoIP isebenzisa ipakethi yokutshintsha .
Ukuthelekiswa okufutshane
- Ukutshintsha kwesekethe kudala kwaye kuyabiza, kwaye yiyo i-PSTN isebenzisa. Ukupakisha ipakethe kunamhlanje.
- Xa wenza ipowuni ye-PSTN, ngokwenene uqeshisa imigca, nayo yonke into ichaza. Bona ukuba kutheni iindwendwe zamazwe ngamazwe zibiza? Ngoko ukuba uthetha, tshela imizuzu eyi-10, uhlawula imizuzu elishumi yomgca ozinikeleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo uthetha kuphela xa umbhali wakho engathuli, kwaye ngokuthe ngqo. Ukuthatha ingqwalasela yexesha akukho mntu uthethayo, ekugqibeleni usebenzise ubuncinane ubuncinane kwisiqingatha sento ohlawula ngayo. Nge-VoIP, ngokwenene ungasebenzisa inethwekhi okanye isiphaluka nangona kukho abanye abantu bayisebenzisa ngexesha elifanayo. Akukho ndlela yokuzinikela kwesekethe. Iindleko zabiwe.
- Ukutshintshwa kwesekethe kunokwethenjelwa kunokupakisha ipakethe. Xa unesiphaluka esinikezelwe kwiseshoni, uyaqiniseka ukuba ufumane yonke ingcaciso. Xa usebenzisa isiphaluka evulekele ezinye iinkonzo, ke kukho inkulu enkulu yokubambisana, kwaye ngoko ke ukulibazisa okanye ukulahleka kwepakethi. Oku kuchaza umgangatho osezantsi wezwi leVoIP xa kuthelekiswa ne-PSTN. Kodwa ngokwenene unamanye ama-protocols anika isandla ekuncedeni ekwenzeni ubuchule bokupakisha ipakethi ukwenzela ukudibanisa okunokuthenjwa. Umzekelo ngumgaqo-nkqubo weTCP . Ekubeni ilizwi liye linyamezela ukulahleka kwepakethi (ngaphandle kokuba itekisi - ukususela kwintlawulo elahlekileyo ithetha ukuba umehluko omkhulu), ukutshintsha iipakethe ekugqibeleni kulungile kwiVoIP.