Ukuqonda iVector kunye neBitmap Images

Kukunzima ukuxoxa ngesofthiwe yezobugcisa ngaphandle kokuqala ukuqonda ukungafani phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini zeentlobo ze-2D: i-bitmap kunye neemifanekiso zentengiso .

Amaqiniso Ngeemifanekiso zeBitmap

Imifanekiso yeBitmap (eyaziwa nangokuthi imifanekiso ye-raster) yenziwe ngamaphikseli kwigridi. Iipekseli zizinto zemifanekiso: izikwere ezincinci zombala ngamnye ozenzayo ozibonayo kwesikrini sakho. Zonke ezi zikwere zemibala ziza kunye ukuze zenze imifanekiso ozibonayo. Abagadi bekhompyutheni babonisa iipikseli, kunye nenani langempela lixhomekeke kwisilingo sakho kunye nezicwangciso zesikrini. I- smartphone kwipokothini yakho inokubonisa ukuya kumaxesha amaninzi ngeepekseli ezininzi njengakhompyutha yakho.

Ngokomzekelo, iifayile kwi-desktop yakho ziyi-32 ngamaphikseli angama-32, oku kuthetha ukuba kukho amachaphaza angama-32 ombala oya kwicala ngalinye. Xa zidibeneyo, amacatswana amancinci abumba umfanekiso.

Ikhonkco eboniswe ekhoneni eliphezulu lasekunene yomfanekiso ongentla isithonjana sedeskithophu eqhelekileyo kwisisombululo seskrini. Njengoko ukwandisa i-icon, ungaqala ukujonga ngokucacileyo icwecwe ngalinye lesikwere sombala. Qaphela ukuba imimandla emhlophe yendawo yangasemva ikhona ngamaphikseli athile, nangona ibonakala ngathi yimibala eqinileyo.

Isisombululo seBitmap

Imifanekiso yeBitmap isisombululo esisisombululo. Isigqibo sibhekisela kwinani lamaphikseli kumfanekiso kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa njenge dpi (amachaphazi nge intshi) okanye ippi (iipikseli nge intshi) . Imifanekiso yeBitmap iboniswa kwikhompyutheni yakho kwikhompyutheni yeskrini: malunga ne-100 ppi.

Nangona kunjalo, xa ushicilela i-bitmaps, umshicileli wakho ufuna idatha yenkcazelo engaphezulu kweso sihlo. Ukuze unikeze umfanekiso we-bitmap ngokuchanekileyo, umshicileli we desktop usefuna 150-300 ppi. Ukuba uye wakha wazibuza ukuba kutheni i-300 dpi yakho yeskrini ikhutshulwa kakhulu kwi-monitor yakho, kungenxa yoko.

Ukuhlaziya iifoto kunye nesisombululo

Ngenxa yokuba i-bitmaps ixhomekeke kwisisombululo, akunakwenzeka ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa ubukhulu bayo ngaphandle kokubingelela umgangatho wemifanekiso esemgangathweni. Xa unciphisa ubukhulu bomfanekiso we-bitmap ngokusebenzisa isampuli yakho yesampula okanye ulayishe umyalelo, iipikseli kufuneka zilahlwe.

Xa ukwandisa ubungakanani bomfanekiso we-bitmap ngokusebenzisa isampuli yakho yesampula okanye ulayishe umyalelo, isofthiwe kufuneka yenze amaphikseli amatsha. Xa wenza ii-pixels, isofthiwe kufuneka iqikelele ixabiso lemibala yeepekseli ezintsha ngokusekelwe kwiipikseli ezijikelezayo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-interpolation.

Ukuqonda ukudibanisa

Ukuba uyaphinda isisombululo somfanekiso uyongeza ii pixels. Makhe sicinge ukuba unepilisi ebomvu kunye nepikseli eluhlaza ngaphaya komnye. Ukuba uphinda isisombululo uza kwandisa iipekseli ezimbini phakathi kwazo. Yiyiphi imibala ezo pixel ezintsha eziza kuba? I-polpolation yinkqubo yesigqibo ebonisa ukuba yintoni umbala abo bazakongeza iipikiseli; ikhomputha yongeza into ecinga ukuba yimibala efanelekileyo.

Ukwenza umfanekiso

Ukutshintsha umfanekiso awuchaphazeli umfanekiso ngonaphakade. Ngamanye amagama, ayitshintshi inani leepekseli kumfanekiso. Oko kwenzayo kubangela ukuba baninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ulinganisela umfanekiso we-bitmap ngobukhulu obukhulu kwiprogram yesakhiwo sakho sephepha, uza kubona ukubonakala okucacileyo. Nokuba ungayiboni esikrinini sakho, kuya kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwimifanekiso eshicilelweyo.

Ukukhangela umfanekiso we-bitmap kumlinganiselo omncinci awunayo impembelelo; Enyanisweni, xa wenza oku ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza ippi yomfanekiso ukuze ipapashwe ngokucacileyo. Kanjani? Inayo inenani elifanayo leepekseli kwindawo encinci.

Iiprogram ze-bitmap zokuhlela eziphambili zi:

Zonke iifoto ezitshintshiwe zi-bitmaps, kwaye yonke imifanekiso esuka kwiikhamera zedijithali yi-bitmaps.

Iintlobo zeBommap Formats

Iifomati eziqhelekileyo ze-bitmap ziquka:

Ukuguqula phakathi kwamafomathi e-bitmap ngokulula kulula ukuvula umfanekiso ukuguqulwa nokusebenzisa umyalelo wakho wokugcina i-software njengokugcina kuyo nakweyiphi enye ifomap ifomati esekelwe yi-software yakho.

I-Bitmaps kunye nePasparency

Imifanekiso yeBitmap, ngokubanzi, ayiyikuxhasa ngokucacileyo ukukhanya. Iifom zeenkcukacha ezithile-ezibizwa nge-GIF kunye ne-PNG-inkxaso ebonakalayo.

Ukongezelela, ezininzi iinkqubo zokuhlela umfanekiso zixhasa ukukhanya, kodwa kuphela xa umfanekiso ugcinwa kwiprogram yesiqhelo sesofthiwe.

Ukungaqondi kakuhle okokuba iindawo ezifihlakeleyo emfanekisweni ziya kuhlala zibala xa umfanekiso ugcinwa kwenye ifomathi, okanye ikopiwe kwaye ifakwe kwenye inkqubo. Oko akusebenziyo; Nangona kunjalo, kukho ubuchule bokufihla okanye ukukhusela indawo kwi-bitmap enenjongo yokuyisebenzisa kwezinye iisofthiwe.

Ubuninzi beMbala

Ubunzulu bombala bubhekisela kwinani lemibala enokwenzeka kwimifanekiso. Umzekelo, umfanekiso we-GIF ngumfanekiso we-8-bit, oku kuthetha ukuba kukho imibala engu-256 engasetyenziswa.

Enye imibala enzulu i-16-bit, apho kukho imibala engama-66,000; kunye ne-24-bit, apho imibala engama-16 ebonakalayo ikhona. Ukunciphisa okanye ukwandisa ubunzulu bombala kwongeza ulwazi olungaphezulu okanye olungaphantsi kombala kumfanekiso ngokunciphisa ngokufanayo okanye ukwandisa ubungakanani befayili nomgangatho womfanekiso.

Amaqiniso Ngomfanekiso weVector

Nangona kungasetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo njengemifanekiso ye-bitmap, iifayile ze vector zinezinto ezininzi ezintle. Imifanekiso yemifanekiso yenziwe ngabantu abaninzi, izinto ezinokutsha.

Ezi zinto zichazwe ngokulinganisa kweemathematika, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Bezier Curves, kunokuba zi-pixels, ngoko zihlala zinika umgangatho ophezulu kuba zizimeleyo ezizixhobo. Izinto zingabandakanya imizila, iindlovu, kunye nemilo eneempawu ezilungeleyo ezifana nombala, ukuzalisa, kunye neenkcazo.

Ukutshintsha iimpawu zento ye-vector ayichaphazeli into ngokwayo. Unako ukutshintsha ngokukhululekile nayiphina inani lezinto eziphathekayo ngaphandle kokutshabalalisa into ephambili. Into ingatshintshwa kungekhona nje ngokutshintsha iimpawu zayo kodwa kwakhona ngokuyifaka nokuyiguqula usebenzisa iisodes kunye nezilawuli zokulawula. Ngomzekelo wokubamba iindawo zendawo, khangela isifundo sam CorelDRAW ekuboniseni intliziyo.

Inzuzo yeVector Images

Ngenxa yokuba i-scalable, imifanekiso esekelwe kwintengiso isisombululo esizimeleyo. Unako ukwandisa nokunciphisa ubukhulu bezithombe ze vector kunoma yiyiphi iqondo kwaye imizila yakho iya kuhlala ikhuni kwaye ibukhali, zombini kwesikrini kwaye kuprinte.

Iifayili zihlobo lento ye vector.

Enye inzuzo yeemifanekiso vele kukuba ayinakunqandeka kwimilo emxholongwane njenge-bitmaps. Izinto ze-Vector zingafakwa phezu kwezinye izinto, kwaye into engezantsi iya kubonisa. Umbuthano we vector kunye nendilinga ye-bitmap ibonakala iyinto efanayo xa ibonwe kwimvelaphi emhlophe, kodwa xa ubeka ibhungechunge le-bitmap ngaphezu komnye umbala, ibinobhokisi engxandekxeni ejikeleze kuyo ukusuka kumaphikiseli amhlophe kumfanekiso.

Iingxaki zeVector Images

Imifanekiso yemifanekiso inamathuba amaninzi, kodwa i-disadvantage eyona nto yinto engafanelekanga yokuvelisa umfanekiso we-photo-reality. Imifanekiso yeVector idla ngokuba yimimandla eqinileyo yombala okanye i-gradients, kodwa ayikwazi ukubonisa iitoni ezifihlakeleyo zeefoto. Yingakho uninzi lweemifanekiso zentengiso ozibonayo zivame ukubonakala ngendlela ebonakalayo.

Nangona kunjalo, iifayile ze vector ziqhubeka zihamba phambili, kwaye sinokwenza okuninzi ngeemidwebo zemifanekiso manje kunokuba siseneminyaka elishumi edlulileyo. Amathuluzi anamhlanje anokuvumela ukuba ufake izicelo eziphathekayo kwizinto ezinika ukubonakala kweefoto, kwaye ngoku unokudala ukudibanisa okulula, ukucaca, kunye ne-shading apho kwakunzima ukufezekisa kwiinkqubo zemizobo ye vector.

I-Vasterisation Vector Images

Imifanekiso imifanekiso ivela kwi-software. Awukwazi ukuskena umfanekiso kwaye ulondoloze njengefayile ye vector ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isofthiwe yokuguqulwa ekhethekileyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imifanekiso yemifanekiso ingatshintshwa kalula kwi-bitmaps. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-rasterizing.

Xa uguqula umfanekiso we vector kwi-bitmap, unokucacisa isisombululo sesiphumo se-bitmap yokugqibela nayiphi na ubungakanani obuyidingayo. Kuloloko kubalulekile ukulondoloza ikopi yemifanekiso yakho yangaphambili yemifanekiso kwimifanekiso yayo yangaphambili ngaphambi kokuba uyiguqule kwi-bitmap; xa sele iguqulwe kwi-bitmap, umfanekiso ulahlekelwa zonke iimpawu ezimangalisayo ebezingenayo kwi-vector state.

Ukuba uguqula i-vector kwi-bitmap 100 nge-pixels ayi-100 uze wenze isigqibo sokuba ufuna umfanekiso ube mkhulu, kuya kufuneka ubuyele kwifayile yangaphambili yefayile kwaye uthumela kwakhona umfanekiso. Kwakhona, gcinani engqondweni ukuba ukuvula umfanekiso we vector kwiprogram yokuhlela i-bitmap ngokuqhelekileyo kutshabalalisa impawu zeempawu zowomfanekiso kwaye ziguqula kwi-raster data.

Isizathu esiqhelekileyo sokufuna ukuguqula i-vector kwi-bitmap kuya kuba sebenzisweni kwiwebhu. Ifomathi eqhelekileyo neyamkelweyo kwimifanekiso yevector kwiwebhu yi-SVG okanye i-Scalable Vector Graphics.

Ngenxa yobume beemifanekiso zentengiso, zilungele ukuguqulwa kwifom ye- GIF okanye ye-PNG yokusetyenziswa kwiwebhu. Oku kuyashintsha ngokukhawuleza kuba ezininzi izikhangeli zanamhlanje ziyakwazi ukunikela imifanekiso yeSVG.

Iifom ze vector ziquka:

Iiprogram zokudweba ezibonakalayo zilandelayo:

Iifayile ziyi-graphics eziqulethe zombini idatha ye-raster kunye ne-vector. Ngokomzekelo, umfanekiso we vector oqulethe into eneprogram ye-bitmap esetyenzisiweyo njengesizaliso yayiza kuba yimetafile. Into leyo isengumvolisi, kodwa isalathisi sokuzalisa iqukethe idatha ye-bitmap.

Iifomathi eziqhelekileyo zemeta ziquka: