Umyalelo we Linux kunye ne Unix uqhuba ukukhangela iifayile kwi-directory yolawulo.
I-Syntax yokufumana umyalelo:
fumana [indlela ...] [intetho]
Inkcazo
Leli phepha leencwadi linika ingxelo ye-GNU yokufunyanwa. Umyalelo ufumana ukukhangela umthi wecandelo lolawulo olugxilwe kwigama ngalinye lefayili ngokujonga i-expression enikeziweyo ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, ngokwemigaqo yephambili (jonga icandelo kwi-Operators engezantsi), de kube ukuba umphumo uyaziwa; ngamanye amagama, icala langasobunxele libuxoki kunye nokusebenza, okwenyaniso okanye , kwindawo apho ufumana khona uhamba kwigama elilandelayo lefayile.
Ingxabano yokuqala eqala ngo:
- -
- ( okanye )
- , U
- !
kuthatyathwa ukuba kube yintetho yegama; naziphi na iingxabano phambi kweendlela zokukhangela, kunye naziphi na iingxabano emva kokuba zonke iibinzana. Ukuba akukho zindlela zinikezelwa, ulawulo lwangoku lusetyenziswa. Ukuba akukho nto ichazwayo , igama- impempe lisetyenzisiweyo.
Umyalelo wokufumana uphuma ngesimo 0 ukuba zonke iifayile zicutshungulwa ngempumelelo, zikhulu kune-0 ukuba iziphene zenzeka.
Iintetho
Ibinzana lenziwe ngamanyathelo (okuchaphazela ukusebenza jikelele kunokuba kuqhutywe iifayile ethile, kwaye uhlale ubuyinyaniso), iimvavanyo (ezibuyisela ixabiso lenyaniso okanye lobuxoki), kunye nezenzo (ezineempembelelo kwaye zibuyisele okwenyaniso okanye xabiso lobuxoki), bonke abahlukaniswe ngabasebenzisi. Ibinzana- kwaye ucingwa apho umenzi oshiywe khona. Ukuba le ncwadana iqulethe akukho zenzo ngaphandle kwe- impununu , ngoko- imprint isenziwa kuzo zonke iifayile apho ilizwi liyi nyaniso.
Khetha
Zonke iinketho zihlala zibuyela ngokwenene. Zoloko ziqala ukusebenza, kunokuba zicutshungulwe kuphela xa indawo yazo kwintetho ifinyelelwe. Ngoko ke, ngokucacileyo, kukulungele ukuyibeka ekuqaleni kwegama.
| -ukuqala | Ukulinganisa amaxesha (oku-- amin, -atime, -cmin, -ctime, -mmin, kunye -timetime ) ukususela namhlanje ukusukela kwiiyure ezingama-24 ezedlulileyo. |
| -depth | Yenza izinto ezibhalwe kuyo nganye kwirekhodi phambi kwirekhodi ngokwayo. |
| -thobela | Ukungahambelani kokunxulumanisa. Iquka -noleaf . |
| -ncedo okanye - | Phrinta isishwankathelo sokusetyenziswa komgca womyalelo wokufumana nokuphuma. |
| -maxdepth [inombolo] | Yehla kwinani lamanqanaba (inombolo engeyona inani) yeeleksi ngaphantsi kweengxoxo zomgca womyalelo. Ibinzana -maxdepth 0 lithetha kuphela ukusebenzisa iimvavanyo kunye nezenzo kwiingxoxo zomgca womyalelo. |
| -mindepth [inombolo] | Musa ukusebenzisa nayiphi na imvavanyo okanye izenzo kumanqanaba angaphantsi kweenombolo (inombolo engenziyo). Inkulumo -mindepth 1 ithetha inkqubo yonke iifayili ngaphandle kweengxoxo zomgca womyalelo. |
| -ngenisa | Musa ukwehla iikhomputha kwezinye iifayile. Igama elithile-- xdev , ngokuhambelana nezinye iinguqulelo zokufumana . |
| -iyoafafesi | Musa ukucwangcisa ngokucinga ukuba ezi ngxelo ziqulethe ii-subdirectories ezi-2 ezimbalwa kunokuba zixhomekeke kwi-link ye-link. |
| -version okanye --verversion | Phrinta inombolo yokufumana ifayile uze uphume. |
| -xdev | Musa ukwehla iikhomputha kwezinye iifayile. |
* Olu khetho luyadingeka xa ucinga iifayile ezingayilandelani nendibano ye-unix-link link, ezifana ne-CD-ROM okanye i-MS-DOS ifayile okanye i-AFS. Ikhowudi nganye kwiziko eliqhelekileyo le-Unix linamanani angama-2 anzima: igama layo kunye nalo . (ixesha) ukungena. Ukongezelela, ii-subdirectories (ukuba zikhona) ngamnye unayo .. ukungena okudibeneyo kwirejista.
Xa ufumanisa uhlolisisa ulawulo, emva kokumisela amabini amancinci angaphantsi kwee-counters count, uyazi ukuba zonke ezinye izinto ezifakwayo kwirejista ayilona ngxelo (fayili ifayile kumthi woluhlu). Ukuba ngaba kuphela iifayile ezifunekayo ukuba zihlolwe, akukho mfuneko yokumisela; Oku kunika ukwanda okwenziwe kwisantya sokukhangela.
Uvavanyo
Iingqinisiso zamanani zingachazwa njenge:
| + n | Mkhulu kunani . |
| -n | Ngaphantsi kwe n. |
| n | Ngokuqinisekileyo n. |
| -amin n | Ifayile yagqibela ekufikelelwe kuyo imizuzu edlulileyo. |
| -fowuni [ifayile] | Ifayile yagqibela ekufikeleleke kutshanje kunokuba ifayile iguqulwe. -thintelo ithinteka--kulandele kuphela xa -landela ifika phambi -kuya kumgca welayini. |
| - n | Ifayile yagqibela ekufikelelwe kwiiyure ezingama-24 ezedlulileyo. |
| -cmin n | Imoji yefayile yatshintshiswa ngokugqibela imizuzu edlulileyo. |
| -nomxholo [ifayile] | Imoji yefayile yatshintshwa ngokutsha kutshanje kunefayile eguquliwe. I- cnewer ichaphazelekayo -yilandelwa kuphela xa -landela ihamba phambi -kumgca kumgca wokula . |
| -ixeshana n | Imoya yefayile yatshintshiswa ngokugqibela n * iiyure ezingama-24 ezedlulileyo. |
| ukulahlwa | Ifayile ayinalutho kwaye ingaba ifayile ekhoyo okanye ulawulo. |
| -iyo | Soloko u buxoki. |
| -fstype [uhlobo] | Ifayile ifayile yefayile yohlobo olucacileyo. Iifayile ezifanelekileyo zeefayile ziyahluka phakathi kweenguqu ezahlukeneyo ze Unix; uluhlu olungaphelelwanga lweendlela zeefayile ezifunyenwe kwezinye iinguqu ze Unix okanye enye: iifs, 4.2, 4.3, nfs, tmp, mfs, S51K, S52K. Ungasebenzisa iprintf nge-F F directive ukuze ubone iintlobo zezicwangciso zakho zeefayile. |
| -gid n | I-ID yeqela leenombolo ze-ID n . |
| -group [gname] | Ifayile ifayile yegama legname (i-ID yeqela edibeneyo ivumelekile). |
| -igama [iphethini] | Njenge--name, kodwa umdlalo unesidima. |
| -name [iphethini] | Njenga- igama , kodwa umdlalo awunakunceda. Ngokomzekelo, iipatheni * kunye noF? ukufanisa amagama wefayile Foo , FOO , foo , fOo , njl. |
| -inum n | Ifayile ifaka inombolo n . |
| -ipath [iphethini] | Njenga- indlela , kodwa umdlalo awunakunceda. |
| -iregex [iphethini] | Njenga--kex, kodwa umdlalo unesidima. |
| -iinkcazo n | Ifayile inezixhumanisi. |
| -lname [iphethini] | Ifayile yikhonkco engumqondiso oqulethe umxholo wegoboliti. Ama-metacharacters ayiphatha / okanye . ngokukodwa. |
| -mminithi n | Idatha yeFayile yagqitywa ngokugqibela kwimizuzu edlulileyo. |
| -ixeshana n | Idatha yefayile yagqitywa ngokugqibela n * iiyure ezingama-24 ezedlulileyo. |
| -gama [iphethini] | Isiseko segama lefayili (indlela kunye neenkcukacha ezikhokelayo zisuswe) zifana nomzekelo wegobolthi. I-metacharacters ( * , ? , Kunye [] ) ayifani . ekuqaleni kwegama lesiseko. Ukungahoyi ulawulo kunye neefayili phantsi kwalo, sebenzisa- umthombo ; ubone umzekelo kwinkcazo yendlela . |
| -new [ifayile] | Ifayile yaguqulwa ngoku kutshanje kunefayile . Ibinzana-into entsha ichaphazelekayo-- kulandelwa kuphela xa -kulandela kuza ngaphambi -newomgca womyalelo. |
| -nouser | Akukho msebenzisi uhambelana ne-ID yomsebenzisi weenombolo zefayili. |
| -nogroup | Akukho qela lihambelana ne-ID yeqela leenombolo zefayili. |
| -path [iphethini] | Igama lefayile lifanisa iphethini yesibonelo segokethi Ama-metacharacters ayiphatha / okanye . ngokukodwa; ngoko, mzekelo, fumana. -path './sr*sc izakuprinta ukungena kwirejista ebizwa ngokuthi ./src/misc (ukuba kukho). Ukungawuthobeli umthi we-directory yonke, sebenzisa- umphambili kunokuba ukhangele zonke iifayile emthini. Umzekelo, ukweqa i-directory src / emacs kunye nazo zonke iifayile kunye neenkcukacha phantsi kwayo, kwaye uprinte amagama eefayile ezifunyenweyo, yenza into enje: fumana. -path './src/emacs' -prin -o -print |
| -iperm [imodeli] | Iifayili zemvume zeFayile imele [imo] imo (i-octal okanye isimboli). Iimodyuli ezibonakalisa indlela yokusebenzisa 0 njengephuzu lokuhamba. |
| -iperm-modode | Yonke imimiselo yemvume [imodeli] imiselwe ifayile. |
| -perm + imodeli | Naluphi na imvume yeemeko [imo] imiselwe ifayile. |
| -usex [iphethini] | Igama lefayile lifanisa iphethini yokubonisa rhoqo. Lo mdlalo kumendo wonke, kungekhona ukukhangela. Umzekelo, ukufanisa ifayile egqityiweyo ./fubar3, ungasebenzisa ibonakaliso rhoqo . * Ibha. okanye . * b. * 3 , kodwa kungekho b. * r3 . |
| -a n [bckw] | Ifayile isebenzisa ii units of space. Iinqununu zi-blocks ezi-512-byte ngokuzenzekelayo okanye ukuba ilandelayo i, i-bytes ukuba ilandele i- n , i-kilobytes ukuba k ilandela i- n , okanye i-2-byte amagama xa ulandela i- n . Ubungakanani abubala ibhloko engabonakaliyo, kodwa libala ibhloko kwiifayile ezingaphantsi ezingabelwe zona. |
| -nene | Njalo unyanisekile. |
| -type c | Ifayile yoluhlobo c : |
| b | Vimba (ezixubileyo) ezizodwa |
| c | Umntu (ongaxhatshazwayo) okhethekileyo |
| d | Uluhlu |
| p | Igama lombhobho (FIFO) |
| f | Ifayile rhoqo |
| l | Unxibelelwano olungumqondiso |
| s | Isango |
| D | umnyango (Solaris) |
| -i n | I-ID yomsebenzisi wefayile ye-numeric n . |
| engasetyenziswayo n | Ifayile yagqitywa ekufikelelwe kwiintsuku emva kokuba i-status yayo ishintshiwe. |
| unus | Ifayile ifakwe ngumsebenzisi uname (i-ID yomsebenzisi eneenombolo evunyelwe). |
| -xtype c | Kuyafana ne-- type ngaphandle kokuba ifayili isiqhagamshelo esingokomqondiso. Ukuqhagamshelana: ukuba -landela alunikwe , yinyani ukuba ifayile ikhonkco kwifayile yohlobo c ; ukuba -kulandelwa kunikezelwa, okwenyani ukuba i-l. Ngamanye amagama, ngeenjongo zokufanisa, -xtype ihlola uhlobo lwefayile leyo -type ayihlolisanga . |
Izenzo
-exec umyalelo ;
Yenza umyalelo ; nyaniso ukuba isimo se-0 sibuyiselwa. Zonke iimbambano ezilandelayo ezifunyenweyo zithathwa zibe ziingxabano kumyalelo kude kube neengxabano eziquka ';' idibana nayo. Umtya '{}' utshintshwa ngulo fayile yefayile eqhutyelwa kuyo yonke into eyenzekayo kwiingxoxo kumyalelo, kungekhona nje kwiingxabano apho zodwa, njengokuba kwezinye iinguqulelo zokufumana . Zomibini zezi zakhiwo zingadinga ukuba ziphunyuke (nge `\ ') okanye zicatshulwe ukuze zikhusele ekunyukisweni kwegobolondo. Umyalelo ukwenziwa kwirejista yokuqala.
-fle ifayile
Nyaniso; njengama--l kodwa ubhale kwifayile efana neprint.
ifayile yeprint
Nyaniso; shicilela igama elipheleleyo lefayile kwifayile yefayili . Ukuba ifayile ayikho xa ifunyenwe iyasebenza, yenziwe; ukuba ikhona, ithunyiwe. Igama lefayile `` / dev / stdout '' kunye `` / dev / stderr '' iphathwa ngokukodwa; ba bhe kisela kwimveliso esemgangathweni kunye nemveliso yephutha eliqhelekileyo, ngokulandelanayo.
-fprint0 ifayile
Nyaniso; uthanda -print0 kodwa ubhale kwifayile efana neprint.
ifayile yefprintf ifomathi
Nyaniso; uthanda -printf kodwa ubhale kwifayile efana neprint.
umyalelo ;
Nje -exec kodwa ubuze umsebenzisi kuqala (kwi-input standard); ukuba impendulo ayifuni nge `y 'okanye` Y', musa ukuqhuba umyalelo, uze ubuyele ubuxoki.
Nyaniso; ukuprinta igama elipheleleyo lefayile kwi-output standard, elandelwa ngumnxeba omtsha.
-print0
Nyaniso; ukuprinta igama elipheleleyo lefayile kwi-output standard, elandelwa ngumntu ongenanto. Oku kuvumela amagama eefayile aqulethe iifayile ezintsha ukuba zichazwe ngokuchanekileyo ngeenkqubo ezijongene nemveliso yokufumana .
ifompef format
Nyaniso; ifomathi yokushicilela kwisiphumo esisezantsi, ukutolika '\' kusinda kunye ne `% '. Ububanzi beentsimi kunye neenkcazo zingachazwa njengomsebenzi 'we printf' C. Ngokungafaniyo-imprintf, -printf ayifaki i-lineline ekupheleni komtya. Abaphunyuli kunye nezikhokelo zi:
\ a
I bell a bell.
\ b
Backspace.
\ c
Yeka ukushicilela kule fomethi ngokukhawuleza uze uchukumise umphumo.
\ f
Ukutya kweFomu.
\ n
Olutsha.
\ r
Ukubuya ngokubuya.
\ t
Ithebhu ehleliyo.
\ v
Ithebhu ebonakalayo.
\\
Ukubuyela emuva (`\ ').
\ NNN
Umlingani ogama lakhe le-ASCII li-NNN (octal).
Uhlobo '`' olulandelayo lulandelwa yiyiphi enye impawu ephathwa njengomntu oqhelekileyo, ngoko boba bobabini banyatheliswa.
%%
Ipesenti yangempela yepesenti.
% a
Ixesha lokugqibela leFayile kwifomathi ebuyiswe ngumsebenzi weC 'ctime'.
% A k
Ixesha lokugqibela leFayile kwifom echazwe ngu- k , okungukuthi `@ 'okanye umyalelo weC` strftime'. Iingqinisiso ezinokwenzeka kwi k zidweliswe ngezantsi; ezinye zazo zingenakufumaneka kuzo zonke iisistimu, ngenxa yokungafani 'kwe-strftime' phakathi kweenkqubo.
@
imizuzwana ukususela ngoJan 1, 1970, 00:00 GMT.
Ixesha lexesha:
H
Iyure (00..23)
Mna
iyure (01..12)
k
Iyure (0..23)
l
Iyure (1..12)
M
ngomzuzu (00..59)
p
I-AM okanye i-PM yendawo
r
Ixesha, iiyure eziyi-12 (hh: mm: ss [AP] M)
S
wesibini (00..61)
T
ixesha, iiyure ezingama-24 (hh: mm: ss)
X
Ukumelwa kwexesha lendawo (H: M: S)
Z
Ummandla wexesha (umzekelo, i-EDT), okanye akukho nto ukuba akukho mda wendawo ongagqalwa
Imihla yamhla:
a
Igama lomhla weveki elifingqiweyo (Sun..Sat)
A
Igama legama leveki elipheleleyo leendawo, ubude obuguqukayo (ngeCawa..Mgqibelo)
b
Igama leenyanga elifingqiweyo (Jan..Dec)
B
Igama leenyanga elipheleleyo lendawo, ubude obude (ngoJanuwari..Demember)
c
umhla kunye nesikhathi sendawo (Sat Sat 04: 12:02:33 EST 1989)
d
usuku lwenyanga (01..31)
D
umhla (mm / dd / yy)
h
fanayo ne b
j
usuku lonyaka (001..366)
m
inyanga (01..12)
U
Iveki yenani lonyaka ngeCawa njengosuku lokuqala lweveki (00..53)
w
usuku lweveki (0..6)
W
Iveki yenani lonyaka ngoMvulo njengosuku lokuqala lweveki (00..53)
x
Ukumelwa komhla wendawo (mm / dd / yy)
y
ezimbini zokugqibela zonyaka (00..99)
Y
ngonyaka (1970 ...)
% b
Ubungakanani befayile kwiibhloko ze-512-byte (ezijikeleziweyo).
% c
Ixesha lokugqibela lokutshintsha kwefayile kwifom ebuyiswe ngumsebenzi weC 'ctime'.
% C k
Ixesha lokugqibela lokutshintsha kwefayile kwifom echazwe ngu- k , efana ne-% A.
% d
Ubunzulu befayili kumthi woluhlu; 0 ithetha i fayile ingqinano yomgca womyalelo.
% f
Igama lefayile kunye naliphi na iikhokelo ezikhokelayo ezisuswe (kuphela yinto yokugqibela).
% F
Uhlobo lwefayili yifayile efayili; eli xabiso lingasetyenziselwa -fstype.
% g
Igama leqela leFayile, okanye i-ID yeqela leenombolo ukuba iqela lingenalo igama.
% G
I-ID yeqela leenombolo zeefayile.
% h
Iikhowudi eziphezulu zegama lefayili (konke kodwa okokugqibela).
% H
I-argument yomgca welayini phantsi kwefayili efunyenweyo.
% i
Inombolo yefayili yefayili (ekugqibeleni).
% k
Ubungakanani befayile kwiibhloko ze-1K (ezijikeleziweyo).
% l
Umxholo wesalathiso esingumqondiso (intambo engenanto ifayile ayikho isixhumanisi esingumqondiso).
% m
Iifayile zemvume zeFayile (ngo-octal).
% n
Inani lamanqatha onzima kwifayili.
% iphe
Igama leFayile.
% P
Igama lefayile negama lomxholo womgca womyalelo phantsi kwafunyanwa kuwo.
% s
Ubungakanani befayile kwi-bytes.
% t
Ixesha lokugqibela lokushicilelwa kwefayile kwifom ebuyiswe ngumsebenzi weC 'ctime'.
% T k
Ixesha lokugqibela lokushicilelwa kwefayile kwifom echazwe ngu- k , efana ne-% A.
% u
Igama lomsebenzisi wefayile, okanye i-ID yomsebenzisi wenombolo ukuba umsebenzisi akanalo igama.
% U
I-ID yomsebenzisi weenombolo zefayili.
Uhlobo '%' olulandelayo lulandelwa yiyiphi enye impawu elahliwe (kodwa enye impawu ishicilelwe).
-ipruni
Ukuba -iyonto ayinikiweyo, yinyaniso; ungahla phantsi kwirejista yangoku.
Ukuba -depth inikezwa, yinyani; akukho mphumo.
-ls
Nyaniso; dwelisa ifayile yangoku kwifom ye `` ls -dils 'kwipropati epheleleyo. Iibhloko zokubala zi-blocks ze-1K, ngaphandle kokuba uguquko lwendalo lubekwe POSIXLY_CORRECT, kwimeko apho iibhloko ze-512-byte zisetyenziswe.
Ba sebenzi
Uluhlu ngokulandelelweyo:
( expr )
Ukubeka phambili.
! expr
Enyanisweni ukuba i- expr ayiyinyani .
kungekhona
Iyafana ne ! expr .
expr1 expr2
Kwaye (kuthethwa); i-expr2 ayihloliswanga ukuba i- expr1 iyinyani.
expr1 -axpr2
Kuyafana ne- expr1 expr2 .
expr1 -and expr2
Kuyafana ne- expr1 expr2 .
expr1 -o expr2
Okanye; i-expr2 ayihloliswanga ukuba i- expr1 yinyani.
expr1 -or expr2
Kuyafana ne- expr1 -o expr2 .
expr1 , expr2
Uludwe; zombini i- expr1 kunye ne- expr2 zihlala zihlolwa . Ixabiso le- expr1 lilahlwa ; Ixabiso leluhlu luxabiso le- expr2 .
U mzekelo
fumana / joe ekhayaFumana zonke iifayile phantsi kwerekhoda / ikhaya eliphantsi lomsebenzisi joe.
fumana / usr -name * statFumana zonke iifayile phantsi kwerekhodi / usr ekupheleni ".stat".
fumana / var / spool -timetime +60Fumana zonke iifayile phantsi kwe-directory / var / spool eguqulelwe ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-60 ezedlulileyo.
fumana / tmp-igama lomxholo -type f -print | | xargs / bin / rm -fFumana iifayile ezibizwa ngokuba yingundoqo okanye ngaphantsi kwirekhodi / tmp uze uzicime. Qaphela ukuba oku kuya kusebenza ngokungalunganga ukuba kukho na iifayile ezineenkcukacha ezintsha, izicatshulwa zodwa okanye eziphindwe kabini, okanye iindawo.
fumana / tmp-igama lomxholo -type f -print0 | xargs -0 / bin / rm -fFumana iifayile ezibizwa ngokuba yingundoqo okanye ngaphantsi kwirekhodi / tmp uze uzicime , uhlaziye amagama eefayile ngendlela efana nefayile okanye amagama angamaxwebhu aqulethe izicatshulwa ezingenanto okanye eziphindwe kabini, izikhala okanye iilwimi ezinokusetyenziswa kakuhle. Uvavanyo lwe-- name luza ngaphambi kovavanyo lwe-- pepe ukuze luphephe ukubiza umnxeba (2) kwiifayile zonke.
fumana. -type f -exec ifayile '{}' \;Usebenzisa 'ifayile' kwifayili nganye okanye ngaphantsi kwirejista yangoku. Phawula ukuba i-braces idibene ngamanqaku athile okukhusela ukukhusela kwiingcaciso njengegoboliti yeempompo. I-semicolon ikhuselwe ngokufanayo ngokusetyenziswa kwe-backslash, nangona ';' inokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwimeko.
fumana / \ (-prop -4000 -fprintf /root/suid.txt '% # m% u% p \ n' \), \ \---ze + 100M -fprintf /root/big.txt '% -10s% p \ n '\)Ukuhamba ngaphaya kwefayile yefayili kanye kuphela, ubeka uludwe lweefayile kunye neeleksi kwi /root/suid.txt kunye neefayile ezinkulu kwi /root/big.txt .
fumana i-HOME HOME -timetime 0Khangela iifayili kwirekhodi lakho lasekhaya eliye laguqulwa kwiiyure ezimashumi mabini anesine. Lo myalelo usebenza ngale ndlela kuba ixesha ukusuka kwiphepha ngalinye ligcine ukuguqulwa lidibene ngamahora angama-24 kwaye nayiphi na intsalela ilahliwe. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukufanisa- ixesha
0 , ifayile iya kufuneka ibe nokuguqulwa kwixesha elidlulileyo elingaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24 ezedlulileyo.
fumana. -prop 664Khangela iifayile ezifundileyo kwaye zibhala imvume yomnikazi wazo, kunye neqela, kodwa ngabaphi abanye abasebenzisi abanokufunda kodwa bengabhalwa. Iifayile ezihlangabezana nale migqaliselo kodwa zineminye imimiselo yeemvume ezibekiweyo (umzekelo ukuba umntu angenza i fayile) ayiyi kufaniswa.
fumana. -perm -664Khangela iifayile ezifundileyo kwaye zibhala imvume yomnikazi wazo kunye neqela, kunye nabanye abasebenzisi abangakwazi ukufunda, ngaphandle kokubakho naziphi na izibhengezo zeemvume ezingaphezulu (umzekelo, i-bit ephumelelayo). Oku kuya kufana nefayile enemodi 0777, umzekelo.
fumana. -iperm / 222Khangela iifayile ezibhalwa ngumntu (umnini wabo, okanye iqela labo, okanye omnye umntu).
fumana. -iperm / 220 ukufumana. -iperm / u + w, g + w fumana. -perm / u = w, g = wYonke into emithathu yale miyalelo yenza into efanayo, kodwa owokuqala isebenzisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-octal yefayile yefayile, kwaye ezinye ezimbini zisebenzisa ifom yomfuziselo. Le mithetho iyafuna zonke iifayile ezibhalwa ngumnikazi wazo okanye iqela labo. Iifayile akumele zibhaliswe ngumnini kunye neqela ukuba lifanelwe; mhlawumbi uya kwenza.
fumana. -iperm -220 fumana. -perm-g + w, u + wZombini le miyalelo yenza into efanayo; khangela iifayile ezibhalwa ngumnini wazo kunye neqela labo.
fumana. -perm -444 -perm / 222! -iperm / 111 ukufumana. -perm -a + r -perm / a + w! -perm / a + xLe mibini mibini ifuna iifayile ezifundwayo wonke umntu (-prop -444 okanye -perm -a + r), ubuncinane kwi-bit bit set (-perm / 222 okanye -perm / a + w) kodwa ayinakwenziwa kumntu (! -perm / 111 kunye! -perm / a + x ngokulandelanayo)
Kubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalelo womntu ( % umntu ) ukubona indlela umyalelo usetyenziswa ngayo kwiikhomputha yakho ethile.