NAME
ukuseta i-DNS lookup utility
SYNOPSIS
gcina [ @ server ] [ -b idilesi ] [ -c iklasi ] [ -f ifayile yegama ] [ -k lefayile ] [ -p port # ] [ -t uhlobo ] [ -x addr ] [ -gama igama: ukhiye ] [ igama ] [ uhlobo ] [ iklasi ] [ queryopt ... ]
ukumba [ -h ]
ukumba [i- global-queryopt ... ] [ umbuzo ... ]
INKCAZELO
ukumba (i-domain domain groper) iyisitimu esinokuguquguqukayo sokuphanda i-DNS igama lamaseva. Yenza i-DNS lookups kwaye ibonisa iimpendulo ezibuyiselwa kwi-server (s) yegama eziye zafunwa. Uninzi lwabalawuli be-DNS basebenzisa ukumba ukujongana neengxaki ze-DNS ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, ukulungiswa kokusetyenziswa nokucaca kwemveliso. Ezinye izixhobo zokungena zivame ukuba nemisebenzi engaphantsi kunezo.
Nangona i- dig ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa iziphakamiso zomgca-myalelo, nayo inemimoya yokusebenza yokufunda izicelo zokungena kwifayili. Isishwankathelo esifutshane semigqaliselo yayo yomgca-myalelo kunye neenketho zinyatheliswa xa i -hh inikwe. Ngokungafani neenguqulelo zangaphambili, ukuphunyezwa kwe-BIND9 yokumba kwenza i-lookups ezininzi zikhutshwe kumgca womyalelo .
Ngaphandle kokuba utshelwe ukuba uphendule igama lomsebenzisi othile, dig uzazama nganye yamaseva abhalwe kwi /etet/resolv.conf .
Xa kungekho migaqo yecala yomyalelo okanye iinketho ezinikeziweyo, ziya kwenza umbuzo we-NS "." (ingcambu).
SISEBENZISWA
Ukuchithwa ngokuqhelekileyo kokumba kubonakala ngathi:
ukumba uhlobo lwegama lomncedisiapho:
mncedisi
igama okanye idilesi ye- IP yomncedisi wegama ukubuza. Le nto ingaba idilesi ye-IPv4 kwi-notation-decimal decimal okanye idilesi ye-IPv6 kwi-notation. Xa i-argument yesondlo enikezwayo yigama lomninimzi, gcina isombululo egama phambi kokucima igama le-server. Ukuba akukho xwebhu lomncedisi olunikezelwayo, cima iingcebiso /etc/resolv.conf kunye nemibuzo ngamaseva egama abhalwe apha. Impendulo evela kumncedisi wegama eliphendulayo iboniswayo.
igama
ligama lerekhodi yomthombo oza kukhangela phezulu.
uhlobo
ubonisa uluphi uhlobo lombuzo olufunekayo --- ANY, A, MX, SIG, njl. uhlobo lunakho nawuphi na uhlobo lombuzo ovumelekileyo. Ukuba akukho luphi uhlobo lweengxabano olunikezelwayo, ugaye uza kwenza i-lookup yeRekhodi.
IMISEBENZI
I- b inketho ibeka idilesi ye- IP yombuzo wokuphendula . Oku kufuneka kube yidilesi evumelekileyo kwenye yomnatha womnatha womninimzi.
I-default query class (IN kwi-intanethi) igqithiswe yi-- c inketho. Iklasi nayiphi na iklasi efanelekileyo, njenge-HS yeerekhodi ze-Hesiod okanye i-CH yamarekhodi e-CHAOSNET.
I-- f inketho yenza usebenze usebenze kwimodi ye-batch ngokufunda uludwe lwezicelo zokufowunelwa ukucwangcisa ukusuka kwifayile yefayili. Ifayile iqulethe imibuzo ethile, enye ngomgca. Ngangena nganye kwifayile kufuneka ihlelwe ngendlela efanayo ukuba iza kuboniswa njengemibuzo yokumba ngokusebenzisa umbane wendlela yomyalelo.
Ukuba inombolo yefowuni engaqhelekanga iya kucelwa, i-- p inketho isetyenziswe. I-port # inombolo ye-port embayo iya kuthumela imibuzo yayo endaweni ye-DNS yesimboli ye-port number 53. Olu khetho luya kusetyenziswa ukuvavanya igama lomnxeba olungiselelwe ukuphulaphula imibuzo kwi-nombolo engekho yefowuni.
I-inketho ibeka uhlobo lombuzo ukuthayipha . Ingaba nayiphi na uhlobo lombuzo osebenzayo osekelwe kwi-BIND9. Uhlobo lombuzo olungapheliyo "A", ngaphandle kokuba i-- x inketho ihanjiswa ukuba ibonise ukulandelelana okuphambeneyo. Ukudluliselwa kwendawo kunokucelwa ngokucacisa uhlobo lwe-AXFR. Xa kufuneka ukutshintshwa kwendawo yenyuka (IXFR), uhlobo lubekwe kwi-ixfr = N. Ukutshintshwa kwezityalo ezongezelelweyo kuzakuquka utshintsho olwenziwe kummandla ukususela kwinombolo ye-serial kwirekhodi ye-SOA yendawo ye- N .
Ukuguqula ukulandelelana - iiplani zamakhethi kumagama - zilula nge-- y inketho. i-addr idilesi ye-IPv4 kwi-notation-decimal decimal, okanye idilesi ye-IPv6 ye-colon-delimited. Xa olu khetho lisetyenzisiweyo, akukho mfuneko yokubonelela igama , iklasi kwaye uthayathe iingxabano. ukumba ngokuzenzekelayo kwenza ulandelelwano igama elifana ne-11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa kwaye ubeka uhlobo lombuzo kunye neklasi ukuya kwi-PTR naku-IN ngokulandelanayo. Ngokungagqibekanga, iilwimi ze-IPv6 zikhangela phezulu zisebenzisa i-IP6.ARPA domain kunye neebhali zebhanari njengoko kuchaziwe kwi-RFC2874. Ukusebenzisa indlela edala yeRFC1886 usebenzisa idilesi ye-IP6.INT kunye ne-"nibble" ebhaliweyo, cacisa inketho ye-- n (nibble).
Ukusayina imibuzo ye-DNS ethunyelwe ngokumba kunye neempendulo zabo usebenzisa izityikityo zokuthengiselana (TSIG), cacisa iFayile yefayile yefayile usebenzisa i-- k inketho. Ungacacisa kwakhona ukhiye we-TSIG ngokwawo kumgca womyalelo usebenzisa i-option; Igama ligama le-TSIG kunye nencoko eyona nto ikhiye. Isitshixo ngumtya oqokelelweyo-based , owenziwe ngu- dnssec-keygen (8). Ukulumka kufuneka kuthathwe xa usebenzisa i-option kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokusetyenziswa njengomsebenzisi njengokhiye onokubonakala kwimveliso evela kwi- ps (1) okanye kwifayile yeembali zegobolondo. Xa usebenzisa i-TSIG ukuqinisekiswa ngokumba, igama le-server elifunwayo kufuneka likwazi ukhiye kunye ne-algorithm esetyenziswayo. KUKHULU, oku kwenziwa ngokubonelela ngeenkcukacha eziphambili kunye neeseva kwi- named.conf .
IINKQUBO ZEMALI
ukumbumba kunika inketho yezinto ezikhethiweyo ezichaphazela indlela ekuqhutywe ngayo i-lookups kwaye iziphumo ziboniswe. Ezinye zalezi zixhobo okanye zibeka kwakhona iibhentshi zeflegi kwi-header yombuzo, ezinye zichonga ukuba zeziphi iimpendulo zempendulo eziprintwayo, kwaye abanye banquma ukuphumla kunye nokuzama kwakhona izicwangciso.
Inketho nganye yombuzo iboniswe ligama eliphambili eliphambi komqondiso (plus). Amanye amagama angundoqo asetshenzisiweyo okanye usethe kwakhona ukhetho. Ezi zinokuthi zilandelwe ngumtya ongathandanga ukuchasana intsingiselo yelo gama elingundoqo. Amanye amagama angundoqo ayabelana ngamanani kwiindlela ezifana nexesha lokuphumla. Unayo ifom + igama elingundoqo = xabiso . Ukhetho lombuzo luyi:
+ [akukho] tcp
Sebenzisa [musa ukusebenzisa] i-TCP xa uhlaziya ngamaseva amagama. Ukuziphatha okungagqibekanga kukusebenzisa i-UDP ngaphandle kokuba kuceliwe umbuzo we-AXFR okanye i-IXFR, kwimeko apho uxhulumano lwe-TCP lusetyenziswa.
+ [akukho] vc
Sebenzisa [musa ukusebenzisa] i-TCP xa uhlaziya ngamaseva amagama. Le syntax enye ye [+ akukho] tcp inikwe ukuhambelana ngokulandelelana. I "vc" ibhekisele "kwesekethe ebonakalayo".
+ [akukho] uyayigatya
Ungayithobeli i-truncation kwiimpendulo ze-UDP endaweni yokuzama kwakhona nge-TCP. Ngokungagqibekanga, ukuhlolwa kweTCP kwenziwa.
+ domain = somename
Setha uluhlu lokukhangela ukuba luqulethe idilesi enye , njengokuba kuchaziwe kumyalelo wesizinda kwi /etc/resolv.conf , kwaye yenza ukuba uluhlu lwezinto zokukhangela lubekwe ukuba unikwe ukhetho lokusesha .
+ [akukho] uphando
Sebenzisa [musa ukusebenzisa] uluhlu lokuphanda oluchazwe nguluhlu lokuphanda okanye isiqulatho sesizinda kwi resolv.conf (ukuba kukho). Uluhlu lokukhangela alusebenziswanga ngokungagqibekanga.
+ [akukho] igama lomntu
Ichithwe, iphathwe njengegama elifanayo ngokusesikweni [akukho] uphando
+ [akukho] ngokulandelanayo
Okukhethiweyo akukho nto. Inikwe ukuxhamla kunye neenguqulelo zokudala apho zibeka khona iiflegi ezingenakuphumelela.
+ [akukho] i-adflag
Setha [musa ukumisela] i-AD (idatha echanileyo) kwingxaki. I-AD ithetha nje ngoku inentsingiselo eqhelekileyo kuphela kwiimpendulo, kungekho kwimibandela, kodwa ukukwazi ukusetha i-bit kwi-query inikezelwa ukugqiba.
+ [akukho] cdflag
Setha [musa ukumisela] i-CD (ukukhangela ukukhutshazwa) inzima kwimbuzo. Oku kucela umncedisi ukuba angenzi uqinisekiso lwe-DNSSEC yeempendulo.
+ [akukho] okuphindaphindiweyo
Shintsha ukulungiswa kwe-RD (ukuphindaphinda ukufunwa) kwi-query. Le ncinane imiselwe ngokusilelayo, oku kuthetha ukumba ngokuqhelekileyo ithumela imibuzo ephindaphindiweyo. Ukuphindaphinda kukhutshaziwe ngokuzenzekelayo xa ukhetho lwe-nssearch okanye + ulandelelwano olukhethiweyo lusetyenziswa.
+ [akukho] nsearch
Xa olu khetho lusetyenwe, cima iinzame zokufumana iinkonzo zamagama ezigunyazisiweyo zendawo elinegama elibheke phezulu kwaye ubonise irekhodi le-SOA ukuba igama lomncedisi wegama ngalinye linommandla.
+ [akukho] ulandelelwano
Ukuguqula ukulandelwa kwendlela yokuthunyelwa kwindlela esuka kumgama wamaseva egama egameni elibheke phezulu. Ukulandelwa kukhutshaziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Xa ukulandelela kunikwe amandla, ukumba kwenza imibuzo yokuphendula ukulungisa igama elijongene phezulu. Kuya kulandela ukuhanjiswa kwiinkonzo zengcambu, kubonisa impendulo kwiseva nganye eyayisetyenziselwa ukulungisa ukukhangela.
+ [akukho] cmd
iguqulela ukushicilelwa kweengxelo zokuqala kwimveliso ebonisa inguqu yokumba kunye neenketho zemibuzo esetyenzisiweyo. La mazwi aphrintiwe ngokungagqibekanga.
+ [akukho mfutshane]
Ukubonelela ngeempendulo. Okungagqibekanga kukuphrinta impendulo kwifom ye-verbose.
+ [akukho] ukuchonga
Bonisa [okanye ungabonakali] idilesi ye-IP kunye nenombolo yefowuni eyanikezela impendulo xa ukhetho olufutshane luvunyelwe. Ukuba iimpendulo zeefom ezimfutshane zicelwa, ukusilela akubonakali ukubonisa idilesi yomthombo kunye nenombolo yesiphelo yiseva eyanikezela impendulo.
+ [akukho] izimvo
Shintsha umboniso wendlela yokubeka izimvo kwimveliso. Okungagqibekanga kukuprinta amazwana.
+ [akukho] izibalo
Olu khetho lombuzo lubangela ukuprintwa kwamanani: xa kwenziwe umbuzo, ubungakanani beempendulo kunye njalo njalo. Ukuziphatha okungapheliyo kukuprinta iinkcukacha zemibuzo.
+ [akukho] qr
Phrinta [musa ukuprinta] umbuzo njengoko uthunyelwayo. Ngokungagqibekanga, umbuzo awuprintwanga.
+ [akukho] umbuzo
Phrinta [musa ukuprinta] icandelo lemibuzo yombuzo xa impendulo ibuyiselwa. Okungagqibekanga kukuphrinta icandelo lombuzo njengengxelo.
+ [akukho mpendulo]
Bonisa [musa ukubonisa] icandelo lempendulo yempendulo. Okungagqibekanga kukubonisa.
+ [akukho] igunya
Bonisa [musa ukubonisa] icandelo legunya lempendulo. Okungagqibekanga kukubonisa.
+ [akukho] eyongezelelweyo
Bonisa [musa ukubonisa] icandelo elongezelelweyo lempendulo. Okungagqibekanga kukubonisa.
+ [akukho] konke
Hlela okanye cima zonke iifowuni zokubonisa.
+ ixesha = T
Useka ixesha lokuphuma kwimibuzo kumasekhondi T. Ixesha elingagqibekanga liphuma kwemizuzwana emihlanu. Umzamo wokubeka T ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-1 uya kubangela ukuphuma kwexesha lombuzo kwisiganeko sesibini.
+ uzama = T
Ubeka inani lamaxesha ukuzama kwakhona ii-UDP imibuzo kumncedisi kwi- T esikhundleni se-default, 3. Ukuba i- T ingaphantsi okanye ilingana ne-zero, inani leemvavanyo lixiliswe ngokukhawuleza ukuya ku-1.
+ ndots = D
Beka inani lamachaphaza okufuneka avele egameni ku- D ukuze liqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo. Ixabiso elingaguqukiyo lichazwe ngokusebenzisa isitatimende se- ndots ku /etc/resolv.conf , okanye 1 ukuba akukho ncazelo ye-ndots ikhona. Amagama ngamachaphaza ambalwa acaciswa njengamagama anxulumene kwaye aya kuphandwa kwiimimandla ezibhalwe kumyalelo wokukhangela okanye wesizinda kwi /etet/resolv.conf .
+ bufsize = B
Hlela ubungakanani bebampu yomyalezo we-UDP obhengezwayo usebenzisa i-EDNS0 kwi- B bytes. Ubukhulu obukhulu kunye nobuncinci beli tampu ngu-65535 kunye no-0 ngokulandelanayo. Iimilinganiselo ngaphandle kwale bakala zidibene okanye zantsi ngokufanelekileyo.
+ [akukho] ilineqela ezininzi
Iirekhodi zokuprinta ezifana neirekhodi ze-SOA kwi-verbose ifomathi yamanqanaba ahlukeneyo kunye namazwana afundwa ngabantu. Okungagqibekanga kukushicilela irekhodi ngalinye kumgca owodwa, ukulungiselela ukuchithwa komatshini we- dig output.
+ [akukho] ehlulekayo
Ungazami iseva elandelayo xa ufumana INKONZO. Okungagqibekanga kukuba ungayilingi iseva elandelayo leyo ehamba phambili yendlela yokuziphatha yoluhlu oluqhelekileyo.
+ [akukho] ukuhlaselwa
Ukuzama ukubonisa iziqulatho zemilayezo engafanelekanga. Ukusilela kukungabonakali iimpendulo ezingalunganga.
+ [akukho] dnssec
Icela iirekhodi ze-DNSSEC zithunyelwe ngokubeka i-DNSSEC elungileyo (DO) kwirekhodi ye-OPT kwicandelo elongezelelweyo lombuzo.
IZIHLOKO EZIPHAKAMILEYO
Ukuphunyezwa kwe-BIND 9 yokumba i- support isebenzisa imibuzo emininzi kumgca womyalelo (ngaphezu kokuxhasa inkxaso- yefowuni yefayile). Ngayinye yale mibuzo iyakunikezwa ngeefowuni zayo, iinketho kunye nokukhethwa kombuzo.
Kule meko, impikiswano nganye yombuzo ibonisa umbuzo ngamnye kumgca we-syntax yomyalelo ochaziwe ngasentla. Ngamnye uqulethwe naluphi na uhlobo olukhethiweyo kunye neeflegi, igama lizakukhangela phezulu, uhlobo loviwo lokukhetha kunye neklasi kunye naluphi na umbuzo ongakhetha kuwo kuloo mbuzo.
Ikhethi lemihlaba yeenketho zemibuzo, ekufuneka isetyenziswe kuyo yonke imibuzo, ingafumaneka kwakhona. Ezi zikhethi zemibuzo yomhlaba kufuneka zilandele kuqala igama lokuqala, igama, iklasi, iindlela, iinketho, iifowuni, kunye neenketho zemibuzo ezinikezwa kumgca womyalelo. Naliphi na ukhetho lombuzo wehlabathi jikelele (ngaphandle kwekhetho + [akukho] cmd ) lugqitywa ngumbuzo othile okhethiweyo wesicelo sombuzo. Umzekelo:
dig + qr www.isc.org nayiphi na -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns + noqribonisa indlela yokumba ingasetyenziselwa ngayo kumgca wolawulo ukwenzela ukuba wenze i-lookups emithathu: UMSEBENZI othize kwi-www.isc.org, ukufundwa kwe-127.0.0.1 kunye nombuzo kwiirekhodi ze-NS ze-isc.org. Ikhetho lombuzo womhlaba jikelele we- qr isetyenzisiweyo, ukuze ukumba kubonise umbuzo wokuqala owenziwe ukufundwa nganye. Umbuzo wokugqibela unombuzo wesicelo sommandla we-noqr othetha ukuba ukumba akuyi kuphrinta umbuzo wokuqala xa ubheka iirekhodi ze-NS ze-isc.org.
BONA KWAKHO
umphathi ( 1), othiwa (8), dnssec-keygen (8), RFC1035 .
Kubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalelo womntu ( % umntu ) ukubona indlela umyalelo usetyenziswa ngayo kwiikhomputha yakho ethile.
Iziganeko ezihambelanayo