Inkcazo & Imizekelo ye URL
Isicatshulwa njenge- URL , indawo ye-Residential Resource Locator yindlela yokuchonga indawo yefayili kwi-intanethi. Ziyinto esiyisebenzisayo ukuvula iiwebhsayithi kuphela, kodwa nokukhuphela imifanekiso, iividiyo, iinkqubo zesoftware, kunye nezinye iintlobo zeefayile ezigcinwe kumncedisi.
Ukuvula ifayile yendawo kwikhompyutheni yinto elula njengokuchofoza kabini, kodwa ukuvula iifayile kwiikhomputha ezikude , njengeevava zewebhu, kufuneka sisebenzise ii-URL ukuze isiphequluli sethu sewebhu siyazi ukuba sibukeka kuphi. Umzekelo, ukuvula ifayile ye- HTML emele iphepha lewebhu elichazwe ngezantsi, lwenziwa ngokungena kwi-bar bar yokuhamba ngasentla kwisiphequluli osisebenzisayo.
Abahlali beendawo eziqhelekileyo baqhelaniswa ngokubanzi njengama- URL kodwa babizwa ngokuba yie dilesi zewebhu xa bebhekisela kuma-URL asebenzisa i-HTTP okanye i-HTTPS protocol .
I-URL isoloko ivakaliswa ngetekisi nganye ethethwa ngokwayo (okt u-u-l - , hhayi i- earl ). Yayisetyenziselwa isicatshulwa kwi- Universal Resource Locator ngaphambi kokuba ishintshwe kwi-Local Resource Locator.
Imizekelo ye-URL
Mhlawumbi usetshenziselwa ukungena kwi-URL, njengaleyo yokufikelela kwiwebhusayithi yeGoogle:
https://www.google.comIdilesi yonke ibizwa ngokuba yi-URL. Omnye umzekelo yiwebhu (yokuqala) kunye ne-Microsoft (yesibini):
https: // https://www.microsoft.comUnokufumana i-super ecacileyo kwaye uvule i-URL ngqo kwi-image, njengolu hlobo olude olubhekise kwi logo yeGoogle kwiwebhsayithi ye-Wikipedia. Ukuba uvula ikhonkco ungabona ukuba iqala nge- https: // kwaye i-URL ekhangele rhoqo njengeemimiselo engentla, kodwa ke inamanye amanqaku kwaye ityelela ukwenzela ukukukhomba kwifolda efanelekileyo kunye nefayile apho umfanekiso uhlala kwiseva yewebhu.
Ingqiqo efanayo iyasebenza xa ufinyelela iphepha lokungena lomzila; Idilesi ye - IP yomqhubi isetyenziswa njenge URL ukwenzela ukuvula iphepha loqwalaselo. Khangela le NETGEAR Uluhlu lwephasiwedi ukujonga oko ndithethayo.
Uninzi lwethu luyazazi ezi ntlobo ze-URL esisebenzisayo kwisiphequluli sewebhu njenge-Firefox okanye i-Chrome, kodwa ezo zizona zihlandlo kuphela apho uzakufuna i-URL.
Kuzo zonke le mizekelo, usebenzisa i-protocol ye-HTTP ukuvula iwebhusayithi leyo, mhlawumbi yinto enye kuphela abantu abadibana nayo, kodwa kukho ezinye iinkqubo ongazisebenzisa nazo, njengeFTP, TELNET , MAILTO, ne-RDP. I-URL iyakwazi ukubhekisela kwiifayile zendawo ozenzayo kwi- hard drive . Iprotocol nganye inokuthi ibe neqoqo ekhethekileyo yemithetho ye- syntax ukuze ifikelele kuyo.
Ulwakhiwo lwe URL
I-URL inokuphulwa phantsi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, isahluko ngasinye sisebenzela injongo ethile xa ufinyelela kwifayile eyikude.
I-HTTP kunye nee-URL ze-FTP zenziwe ngokufanayo, njengeprotocol : //name hostname / fileinfo . Umzekelo, ukufikelela kwifayile yeFTP kunye ne-URL kungabonakala into enje:
FTP: //servername/folder/otherfolder/programdetails.docx..., ngaphandle kweFTP esikhundleni se- HTTP , ibonakala ngathi nayiphi enye i-URL ongayifumana nayo apha kwiwebhu.
Makhe sisebenzise i-URL elandelayo, isaziso seGoogle sephutha le- CPU , njengomzekelo wedilesi ye-HTTP kwaye uchonge inxalenye nganye:
https://security.googleblog.com/2018/01/todays-cpu-vulnerability-what-you-need.html- I-https yiprotocol (njengoFTP ngumgaqo-nkqubo) ochaza uhlobo lomncedisi othetha naye.
- ukhuseleko ngumninimzi womninimzi osetyenziselwa ukufikelela kule website ethize.
- i-googleblog yigama lesizinda.
- com ebizwa ngokuba yi -domain level level (TDL) , ezinye zazo ziquka .net, .com, .co.uk, njl njl.
- / 2018/01 / imele iinkcukacha ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlela iphepha lewebhu okanye ifayile. Kwiseva yewebhu ephethe iifayili zewebhu, ezi ziza kubakho ifolda oza kuzityhalela ukuze ufumane ifayile leyo le URL ibonisa.
- i-todays-cpu-vulnerability-yintoni-you-need.html yifayile yangempela i-URL ekhomba kuyo. Ukuba uzama ukulayisha umfanekiso, ifayile ye-audio, okanye olunye uhlobo lwefayile endaweni yefayile ye-HTML, i-URL iya kugqitywa kwandiswa kwefayile (njenge- PNG okanye i- MP3 ).
- ukhuseleko.googleblog.com njengeqela libizwa ngokuba yiGama eliQinisekileyo leSigcawu seFayile (FQDN) .
Imithetho ye-Syntax
Amanani, iileta kunye nabalinganiswa abalandelayo bavunyelwe kwi-URL: ()! $ -'_ * +.
Ezinye iimpawu kufuneka zifakwe ngekhowudi (eziguqulelwe kwikhowudi yohlelo) ukuze zamukelwe kwi-URL.
Ezinye ii-URL zinemigangatho ehlukanisa i-URL kude neenguqu ezongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, xa usenza uphando lweGoogle : I
https://www.google.com/search?q=... umbuzo owubonayo uxelela iskripthi esithile, esabanjwe kwisiphakeli seGoogle, ukuba ufuna ukuthumela umyalelo othize ukuze uthole iziphumo zenkcubeko.
Iskripthi esithile esiyisebenzisayo se-Google ukuphumeza uphando uyazi ukuba nayiphi na into elandelayo ? Q = inxenye ye-URL kufuneka ichongwe njengegama lokusesha, ngoko ke into enokuthi ifakwe kwindawo leyo kwi-URL isetyenziselwa ukukhangela kwi-injini ye-Google yokukhangela.
Uyabona ukuziphatha okufanayo kwi-URL ekukhangekeni kwe-YouTube ngevidiyo eziphezulu zekati :
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=best+cat+amavidiyoQaphela: Nangona izithuba zingavunyelwe kwi-URL, ezinye iiwebhsayithi zisebenzisa isibonakaliso, + ongayibona kuzo zombini i-Google neye-YouTube. Abanye basebenzisa i-encoded equivalent of space, eyi- 20% .
Ii-URL ezisebenzisa iziguquko ezininzi zisebenzisa enye okanye ngaphezulu kwama-ampersands emva kombuzo wembuzo. Uyabona umzekelo apha kwi-Amazon.com ukufuna iWindows 10:
https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=windows+10Uguquko lokuqala, i- url , lilandelwa ngumqondiso wombuzo kodwa ukuguquguquka okulandelayo, amagama angundoqo-kwintsimi , kulandelwa ngu-ampersand. Utshintsho olongezelelweyo luya kuphinda lulandelwe ngu-ampersand.
Ingxenye ye-URL yinkcazo yecala - ngokukodwa, yonke into emva kwegama lesizinda (iincwadi kunye negama lefayile). Uyakwazi ukuzibona oko xa ubeka igama elithi "izixhobo" kumzekelo we-URL kwisayithi yam esiyilungiselele ngasentla, esenza isiphelo se-URL sifunde / siphendule- -iyifayile -Tools.htm . Zama ukuvula eli phepha uze ubone ukuba aluyi kulayishwa ngenxa yokuba ifayile ethile ayikho kwi-server.
Ulwazi olungakumbi kwi-URL
Ukuba i-URL ikukhomba kwifayili engqineki yakho yewebhu, njengemifanekiso ye- JPG , ngoko ke akudingeki ukuba uyikhuphe iifayile kwikhompyutha yakho ukuze uyibone. Nangona kunjalo, kwiifayile ezingabonakaliyo kwi-browser, njengeefayile ze- PDF kunye ne- DOCX , kwaye ngakumbi iifayile ze- EXE (kunye nezinye iifayile zeefayile), uya kucela ukukhuphela ifayile kwikhompyuter yakho ukuze uyisebenzise.
Ii-URL zinika indlela elula yokuba sifumane idilesi ye-IP yomncedisi ngaphandle kokufuna ukwazi ukuba yiphi idilesi. Bafana nokulula-ukukhumbula amagama kumawebhusayithi ethu athandwayo. Olu gu qulelo oluvela kwi-URL ukuya kwidilesi ye-IP yiyo iseva ye-DNS isetyenziselwa.
Ezinye ii-URL zinde kwaye zinzima kwaye zisetyenziswe kakuhle xa ucofa njengekhonkco okanye uyikopishe / unamathisele kwibha yedilesi yesiphequluli. Impazamo kwi-URL ingavelisa i- error-code code ye-HTTP ye -400-series, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo luyi- error4404 .
Omnye umzekelo ungabonwa kwi-1and1.com . Ukuba uzama ukungena kwiphepha elingekho kwi-server yabo (njengaleli), uya kufumana iphutha le-404. Ezi ntlobo zeephene ziqhelekile kangangokuthi uya kufumana isiko, ngokuqhelekileyo uzihlaziye, iinguqulelo zazo kwiiwebhusayithi ezithile. Jonga wam 20 Iimpazamo ezili-404 zeePhepha Zikho idaydideshow kwezinye zezintandokazi zam.
Ukuba unenkathazo yokufikelela kwiwebhusayithi okanye kwifayili ye-intanethi ocinga ukuba kufuneka ilayishe ngokuqhelekileyo, jonga indlela yokujongana neengxaki kwi-URL yezinye iingcamango ezincedo malunga noko ukwenza ngokulandelayo.
Uninzi lwe-URL aludingi ukuba igama lefowuni linikezelwe. Ukuvula i-google.com , umzekelo, inokwenziwa ngokucacisa inombolo yefowuni ekupheleni njenge http://www.google.com:80 kodwa ayimfuneko. Ukuba iwebsite isebenze kwi-port 8080 endaweni yoko, ungathatha indawo yefowuni kwaye ufikelele kwiphepha ngale ndlela.
Ngokungagqibekanga, iifayile ze-FTP zisebenzisa i-port 21, kodwa ezinye zinokusekwa kwi-port 22 okanye into eyahlukileyo. Ukuba isayithi le-FTP ayisebenzisi i-port 21, kufuneka uchaze ukuba yeyiphi na ayisebenzisayo ukuze afumane iseva ngokuchanekileyo. Ingcamango efanayo iyasebenza nayiphi na i-URL esebenzisa ichwethi eyahlukileyo kunokuba yintoni inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukufikelela ekutholeni ngokungaqhelekanga eyisebenzisayo.