I-LAN yangempela (Inethiwekhi Yomnxeba WeNgingqi) yinkqutyana engqinileyo engakwazi ukuqokelela ndawonye ukuqokelela kwezixhobo ezivela kwii- LAN eziphathekayo. Amanethiwekhi ekhompyutheni amashishini amakhulu athetha rhoqo ii-VLAN ukuhlaziya kwakhona inethiwekhi yabo yokuphucula ulawulo lwezithuthi.
Iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelanisa ii-LAN zixhasa ii-LAN ezintle ziquka zombini i- Ethernet kunye ne- Wi-Fi .
Izinzuzo zeVLAN
Xa isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo, ii-LAN ezibonakalayo zingaphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwintanethi. Ii-VLAN zenzelwe ukudibanisa kunye namadivaysi abaxhasi abaxhulumana rhoqo. I-traffic phakathi kwezixhobo ezihlukeneyo kwiinkonzo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zenyama zifuna ukuba zilawulwe yimizila engundoqo yenethiwekhi, kodwa nge-VLAN ukuba izithuthi zingasetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ngokutshintshela inethiwekhi esikhundleni.
I-VLAN izisa neenzuzo ezongezelelweyo zokhuseleko kumanethiwekhi amakhulu ngokuvumela ukulawula okungakumbi kwizixhobo ezinokufikelela kummandla komnye. Izixhobo zonxibelelwano ze-Wi-Fi zivame ukuphunyezwa zisebenzisa iindawo ezingenazintambo ezingenazintambo ezixhasa ii-VLAN.
IiVLAN eziMandla kunye neDynamic
Abalawuli benethiwekhi bavame ukubhekisela kwii-VLAN ezinokuthi "iiVLAN ezisekweni." I-VLAN ene-static idinga ukuba umlawuli abelane ngamagarelo athile kumnatha womnatha kwinethiwekhi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi idivaysi kunye naleyo port, iba ilungu leyo nethiwekhi yenethiwekhi efanayo.
Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-VLAN ukuvumela i-administrator ukuba ichaze ubulungu bezonxibelelwano ngokwemiqathango yezixhobo ngokwazo kunokuba zikho indawo yazo yokutshintsha. Umzekelo, i-VLAN enamandla ingachazwa ngohlu lweedilesi zomzimba (idilesi ze- MAC ) okanye amagama e-akhawunti yomnatha.
I-VLAN yokuThengisa kunye ne-Standard VLAN
Iimpawu ze-VLAN ze-Ethernet amanethiwekhi zilandela umgangatho we-IEEE 802.1Q. Ithegi ye-802.1Q inamalungu amabini angama-32 (4 bytes ) yedatha efakwe kwi-header ye-Ethernet. Iibhloko zokuqala ezili-16 zolu qulatho ziqulethe inombolo engama-0x8100 engabhalwanga nto leyo eyenza amadivaysi e-Ethernet ukuba aqaphele isakhelo njenge-802.1Q VLAN. Iibhloko ezili-12 zokugqibela kweli fsi ziqulethe inombolo ye-VLAN, inombolo phakathi kwe-1 no-4094.
Iindlela ezigqwesileyo zokulawula i-VLAN zichaza iintlobo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zee-intanethi:
- I-LAN yaseLative: Amadivayisi e-Ethernet VLAN aphatha onke amafayile angagqithwanga njengowengingqi yeLAN yasekhaya. I-LAN yasekuhlaleni i-VLAN 1, nangona abalawuli bangatshintsha le nombolo engapheliyo.
- Ulawulo lwe-VLAN: Usetyenziselwa ukuxhasa uxhulumaniso olukude ukusuka kubalawuli benethiwekhi. Ezinye iinqununu zisebenzisa i-VLAN 1 njengolawulo lwe-VLAN ngelixa abanye beka inani elikhethekileyo nje kule njongo (ukuphepha ukuphikisana nezinye izithuthi zendlela)
Ukumisa iVLAN
Kwinqanaba eliphakamileyo, abalawuli benethwekhi bamisela iiVLAN ezintsha ngokulandelayo:
- Khetha inombolo yeVLAN esebenzayo
- Khetha uluhlu lwee-intanethi yangasese kwii-VLAN ukusebenzisa
- Qwalasela ifowuni yokutshintsha kunye nezicwangciso zesitatimende esinobuchule okanye eshukumisayo. Ukuqulunqwa kwe-Static kufuna umlawuli ukuba abelwe inombolo ye-VLAN kwisithuba ngasinye sokutshintshana ngexesha ukulungelelanisa okuqinileyo kufuna ukunikezela uluhlu lwee-MAC iilesi okanye amagama omsebenzisi kwi-VLAN inombolo.
- Qwalasela umzila phakathi kwe-VLAN njengoko kuyimfuneko. Ukuqwalasela ii-VLAN ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ukuthetha nomnye kudinga ukusetyenziswa kwe-router ene-VLAN okanye i- Layer 3 switch .
Izixhobo zolawulo kunye nezixhobo ezisebenzisayo ziyahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwizixhobo ezibandakanyekayo.