Iimpawu zokunxibelelana ezisetyenziseni zisebenza kwiCandelo 2 lomzekelo we- OSI ngelixa i- routers network isebenza kwiCala. 3. Oku kudla ngokukhokelela ekudidekeni malunga nencazelo kunye nenjongo yomtshintshi we-Layer 3 (obizwa ngokuba ngumtshintshi welaylayer).
Umtshintshi we-Layer 3 iyisistim ekhethekileyo yehadiweyo esetyenziswe kwindlela yokunxibelelana. Utshintsho lwe-Layer 3 lusebenza ngokubanzi kunye neendlela zokuhamba, kwaye kungekhona nje ukubonakala komzimba. Bobabini banokuxhasa iinkqubo ezifanayo zokuhamba , bahlole iipakethi ezingenayo kwaye benze izigqibo ezinqabileyo zokubamba ngokusekelwe kumthombo kunye nendawo yokuhlala kuyo.
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zoLuhlu lwe-3 ukuguqula i-router isendleleni yokwenza izigqibo ezenziwa. Utshintshi lwe-3 lwe-Layers awunako ukufumana latency yenethiwekhi kuba amapakethi ayinayo ukwenza amanyathelo angaphezulu kwi-router.
Injongo Yoluhlu 3 Tshintsha
Utshintsho lwe-Layer 3 luye lwavezwa njengeteknoloji ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwendlela yokusebenza kwintengiso kumanethiwekhi amakhulu asekuhlaleni (LANs) njengama- intranethi ezinkampani.
Umehluko oluphambili phakathi kokutshintsha kwe-Layer 3 kunye nee-routers zihlala kwii-hardware zangaphakathi. I-hardware ngaphakathi kwe-Layer 3 ishintshana ye-Layer 3 idibanisa i-switches yomdabu kunye nee-routers, ithatha indawo enye yengcamango yesofthiwe ye-router kunye ne-hardware edibeneyo yesiphaluka ukuze inikezele ukusebenza ngcono kumanethiwekhi asekuhlaleni.
Ukongezelela, ukuba idibeneyo yokusetyenziswa kwii-intranethi, umtshini we-Layer 3 akayi kuba neefayili ze- WAN kunye nenethiwekhi yokubanzi yomhlaba i-router yendabuko iya kuhlala ikhona.
Ezi zitshintshi ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ukuhamba phakathi kwe-LAN ezintle (ii-VLAN). Iinzuzo zoLuhlu lwe-3 lwe-VLAN ziquka:
- Ukunciphisa inani lemoto yokusasazwa
- Ulawulo lokhuseleko olulula
- Ukuphuculwa kwephulo
Indlela uLohlu 3 Uguqula ngayo Umsebenzi
Umtshini wendabuko ujikeleza i-traffic phakathi kweechwepheko zomzimba ngokwawo ngokweeydilesi zomzimba ( idilesi zeMAC ) zamadivayisi axhunyiwe. Utshintshi lwe-3 lusetyenzise olu xanduva xa ulawula i-traffic ngaphakathi kwe-LAN.
Bakwandisa oku ngokusebenzisa idilesi ye-IP yolwazi ukwenza izigqibo zokuhamba xa ulawula i-traffic phakathi kwe-LAN. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukutshintsha kwe-Layer 4 kusetyenziswa iinombolo zee- TCP okanye ze- UDP .
Ukusebenzisa i-Layer 3 Shintsha nge-VLAN
I-LAN nganye yeefayile kufuneka ifakwe kunye ne-port-mapped on the switch. Iiparamitha zokuhamba kwi-VLAN nganye kufuneka zichazwe.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-Layer 3 lusebenzisa inkxaso ye- DHCP engasetyenziswa ukunikezela ngokuzenzekelayo idilesi ze-IP kumadivayisi ngaphakathi kwe-VLAN. Ngaphandle koko, iseva yangaphandle ye-DHCP ingasetyenziselwa, okanye idilesi ze-static IP zilungiswe ngokwahlukileyo.
Imiba ene-Layer 3 Tshintsha
Utshintsho lwe-Layer 3 lubiza iindleko ezingaphezu kweenguqu zendabuko kodwa zingaphantsi kweendlela eziqhelekileyo. Ukuqwalasela nokulawulwa kwezi zitshixo kunye ne-VLAN zifuna nemizamo eyongezelelweyo.
Izicelo zenguqu lwe-Layer 3 zikhawulelwe kwiindawo ze-intranet kunye nenani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo leenkcukacha zokungena kunye neendlela. Amanethiwekhi asekhaya awanakho ukusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo. Ukungabi nokusebenza kwe-WAN, ukutshintsha kwe-Layer 3 akuyikutshintshwa kwee-routers.
Ukuqanjwa kwezi zitshintshi livela kwiingcamango kwi-OSI model, apho uluhlu lwesithathu lubizwa ngokuba yiCandelo leNethiwekhi. Ngelishwa, lo mzekelo ongekho kakuhle ukuhlukanisa ukungafani okwenziweyo phakathi kwemveliso yoshishino. Ukuqamba igama kubangele ukudideka kwiindawo zokuthengisa.