Kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi, umgca wecala liyi-duct ephakathi eyenzelwe ukudlulisela i-intanethi kwinqanaba eliphezulu. I-backbones idibanisa amanethiwekhi ommandla wengingqi (i-LANs) kunye namanethiwekhi amaninzi (WANs) kunye. Ii-backbase zenethiwekhi zenzelwe ukwandisa ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwezonxibelelwano ezinkulu zedata elide. I-backbones eyaziwa kakhulu yintanethi yilawa asetyenziswa kwi-intanethi.
Internet Backbone Technology
Phantse konke ukukhangela kwiWebhu, ukuhanjiswa kwevidiyo kunye nezinye izithuthi eziqhelekileyo zihamba nge-intanethi. Ziquka ii-routers zenethiwekhi kunye noshintsho oluxhunywe ngokubanzi ngamacwecwe e- fiber optic (nangona ezinye iigqeba ze- Ethernet kwiibhanki zangaphantsi ze-traffic backbone zikhona). Ikhonkco nganye yefayili kwi-backbone ivame ukubonelela i-100 Gbps yomgca wendlela yokunxibelelana . Iikhomputha zidibanisa ngokukhawuleza kwisalathisi ngqo. Endaweni yoko, amanethiwekhi ababoneleli ngeenkonzo ze-intanethi okanye imibutho emikhulu idibanisa kule miqolo ye-backbone kwaye iikhomputha zifikelela kumqolo ongathanga ngqo.
Ngo-1986, iNational Science Foundation yase-US (NSF) yasungula inethiwekhi yokuqala ye-backbone kwi-Intanethi. Ikhonkco yokuqala ye-NSFNET kuphela yanikezela ngo-56 Kbps- ukusebenza kukhwabanisa nemilinganiselo yanamhlanje - nangona iqhutywe ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-1.544 Mbps line T1 kunye ne-45 Mbps T3 ngo-1991. Amaziko amaninzi emfundo kunye nemibutho yophando basebenzisa i-NSFNET,
Ngethuba lama-1990, ukukhula ngokuqhuma kwe-intanethi kwakuxhaswa ngemali ngamashishini abucala awakha ama-backbase. I-intanethi yagqitywa yaba ngumnatha wee-backbones ezincinci eziqhutywe ngababoneleli ngeenkonzo ze-intanethi ezithatha kwii-backbone ezinkulu zelizwe kunye zangaphakathi ezineenkampani ezinkulu zokunxibelelana ngee-telefoni.
I-backbones ne-Link Aggregation
Inkqubo enye yokulawula imimandla ephezulu yedatha yendlela ehamba ngayo kwi-network backbones ibizwa ngokuba yi- link aggregation okanye i- trunking. Ukudibanisa i-aggregation kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa ngokulandelelaniswa kwezichwepheko ezininzi eziphathekayo kwiisithuthi okanye ukutshintsha ukuhambisa umgca omnye wedatha. Umzekelo, ezine eziqhelekileyo ezi-100 Gbps ziqhagamshelwano eziza kusekela imifudlana eyahlukeneyo yolwazi zingahlanganiswa kunye ukubonelela enye, i-400 Gbps duct. Abalawuli benethiwekhi baqulunqa i-hardware nganye kwiiphelo zoxhumo ukuxhasa le trunking.
Imiba nge Network Backbones
Ngenxa yeyona nxaxheba ephambili kwi-Intanethi kunye noxhumano lwehlabathi, ukufakelwa kwe-backbone yinjongo ephambili yokuhlaselwa kakubi. Ababoneleli bavame ukugcina indawo kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zobuchwepheshe be-backbase zabo eziyimfihlo kwesi sizathu. Uvavanyo olulodwa lweyunivesithi kwi-intanethi ye-backbone conduits e-US, umzekelo, kufuna iminyaka emine yophando kwaye engaphelelanga.
Oorhulumente belizwe ngamanye amaxesha banokulawula ukulawula ngokugqithiseleyo ukuxhamla kwi-backbone of backbone kwaye banokuvala okanye bavala ngokupheleleyo ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi kubemi bayo. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kweenkampani ezinkulu kunye nezivumelwano zabo zokuba baxhamlane nabanye banxibelelwano lwezentengiselwano zoshishino. Ingcamango yokungathathi hlangothi komnatha incike kubanini kunye nabalondolozi beethungelwano ze-backbone ukugcina imithetho kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe kunye nokuqhuba ishishini ngokufanelekileyo.