Iprotocol yokuTshintshiselwa kweFayile (FTP) ikuvumela ukuba uthumele iikopi zeefayile phakathi kweekhomputer ezimbini usebenzisa inkqubo elula yenethiwekhi esekelwe kwiProtocol ye-Intanethi . I-FTP nayo ibonelelo elisetyenziswayo xa libhekiselele kwinkqubo yokukopisha iifayile usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beFTP.
Imbali kunye nendlela iFTP isebenza ngayo
I-FTP yenzelwe phakathi kwee-1970 kunye nee-1980 ukuxhasa ukwabelana ngefayile kwi- TCP / IP nakwiinkqubo ezidlulileyo. Umgaqo-nkqubo ulandela umzekelo womxhasi womnxibelelwano . Ukudlulisa iifayile nge-FTP, umsebenzisi uqhuba inkqubo yeklayenti ye-FTP kwaye uqala uxhumano kwikhomputha edelayo isebenzisa isofthiwe yesiphakeli se-FTP. Emva kokuba uqhagamshelweyo lusekwe, umthengi angakhetha ukuthumela kunye / okanye ukufumana ikopi yeefayile, ngokucoca okanye ngamaqela.
Iiklayenti zangaphambili ze-FTP zazinkqubo zolayini zomyalelo wee-operating systems ze-Unix; Abasebenzisi be-Unix baqhuba inkqubo yolayini yomyalelo we-ftp 'umyalelo wokuxhuma kwiiseva zeFTP kwaye ulayishe okanye ulande ifayile. Uhlobo lwe-FTP olubizwa ngokuba yiProtoal Transfer Protocol Transfer Protocol (TFTP) luye lwaphuhliswa ukuze luxhase iinkqubo zekhompyutha eziphantsi. I-TFTP inika inkxaso efanayo efana ne-FTP kodwa kunye neprotocol elula kwaye isethi yemithetho idityaniswe kwimisebenzi yokudluliswa kwefayile eqhelekileyo. Emva koko, isofthiwe yomthengi we-Windows FTP yathandwa njengokuba abasebenzisi baseMicrosoft basebenzela ukuba babe neenkcukacha zobugcisa kwiinkqubo ze-FTP.
Umncedisi we-FTP uphulaphule kwi- port ye-TCP 21 yezicelo zokuxhuma ezivela kumakhasimende e-FTP. Umncedisi usebenzisa le port ukulawula uxhumano kwaye uvule ichwethi eyahlukileyo yokudlulisa idatha yefayili.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-FTP yeFayile yokwabelana
Ukuxhuma kumncedisi we-FTP, umxhasi ufuna igama lomsebenzisi kunye nephasiwedi njengoko kusekwe ngumlawuli weseva. Iindawo ezininzi ezibizwa ngokuba ziindawo ze-FTP zisesidlangalaleni azidingi iphasiwedi kodwa kunokuba zilandele iindibano ezikhethekileyo ezamkela nayiphi na umthengi usebenzisa "engaziwa" njengegama lomsebenzisi. Kuyo nayiphi na indawo ye-FTP yoluntu okanye yabucala, abathengi bachonga iseva ye-FTP okanye idilesi yayo ye-IP (njenge-192.168.0.1) okanye ngegama lomninimzi (njenge-ftp.about.com).
Abaxhasi beFTP abafakekileyo bafakwe kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza zokunxibelelana , kodwa abaninzi balaba bathengi (njengeFTP.EXE kwiWindows) baxhasa uxhulumaniso lomgaqo-myalelo ongenamdla. Uninzi lwabaxhasi bee-third party ze-FTP eziye zaphuhliswa ezixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso yomsebenzisi (i-GUIs) kunye nezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zokuzikhethela.
I-FTP isekela iindlela ezimbini zokudluliswa kwedatha: umbhalo ocacileyo (ASCII), kunye nebhinari. Ubeka imodeli kumthengi we-FTP. Iphutha eliqhelekileyo xa usebenzisa i-FTP izama ukudlulisela ifayile yebinary (njengeprogram okanye imfayile yomculo) ngelixa kwimodi yombhalo, obangela ukuba ifayili idluliselwe ingabi nako.
Ezinye iindlela zeFTP
Iifayile zokwabelana ngefayile ezifana ne-BitTorrent zinika iifom eziphambili kunye ezikhuselekileyo zokwabelana ngefayile kunezobuchwepheshe beFTP. Ezi ndlela kunye neenkqubo zokwabelana ngefayili zenkxaso-fayile njengeBhokisi kunye neDropbox ziye zaphelisa kakhulu imfuneko yeFTP kwi-intanethi.