Ndisebenzise iLuxux malunga neminyaka eyi-10 kwaye oko ndikuya kukubonisa kule nqaku luluhlu lwemiyalezo ye-Linux, izixhobo, eziqilileyo kunye neminye imiyalelo ecocekileyo endiyinqwenela ukuba ndiyathanda ukuba umntu undibonise kwasekuqaleni kunokukhubeka phezu kwabo njengoko ndihamba nayo.
01 ngo-15
Iifayile ezimfutshane zeeKhobho zeNqakrazo ezisebenzayo
Ezi nqamlezo zekhibhodi zilandelayo ziyanceda kwaye ziya kukugcina ixesha elide:
- CTRL + U - Usika umbhalo uze ufike kwi-cursor.
- I-CTRL + K - Yenza iteksi kwi-cursor kuze kube sekupheleni komgca
- I-CTRL + Y - I-text text
- CTRL + E-Hambisa isikhombisi ukuphela komgca
- CTRL + A - Hambisa isikhombisi ekuqaleni komgca
- ALT + F - Phuma phambili kwindawo elandelayo
- ALT + B - Dlulela emuva kwisithuba sangaphambili
- ALT + Backspace - Cima igama langaphambili
- CTRL + W - Cima igama emva kwesikhombisi
- Shift + Faka - Yenza isicatshulwa kwisigxina
Ngokuthi imiyalelo engentla ikhangele ingqalelo kumgca olandelayo wombhalo.
sudo apt-get install programname
Njengoko ungabona ukuba ndinempopelo yokupeliswa kunye nomyalelo wokusebenza ndiya kufuneka ndiguqule "intall" ukuba "fake".
Khawucinge ukuba isikhombisi siphelele ekupheleni komgca. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubuyela kwigama lokufaka ukutshintsha.
Ndiyakucinezela i-ALT + B kabini eyokubeka isikhombisi kwisithuba esilandelayo (esichazwa ngu ^ uphawu):
sudo apt-get ^ iprogram yenkqubo ye-intall
Ngoku ungacinezela ukhiye wekhesa kwaye faka '' s 'ukufaka.
Omnye umyalelo onobulumko uthi "tshintsha + faka" ingakumbi ukuba ufuna ukukopisha umbhalo kwi-browser kwi-terminal.
02 we-15
SUDO !!
Uya kumbulela ngokwenene ngomyalelo olandelayo ukuba awukwazi kakade kuba ude wazi ukuba oku kukho uqalekisayo rhoqo xa ufaka umyalelo kwaye amagama "avunyelwe imvume" avela.
- sudo !!
Usebenzisa njani sudo !! Ngokulula. Cinga ukuba ungenele umyalelo olandelayo:
unokufumana-fakela i-installer
Amagama athi "imvume evunyelwe" iya kubonakala ngaphandle kokuba ungene ngemvume ngamalungelo aphakamileyo.
sudo !! ugijima umyalelo wangaphambili njenge-sudo. Ngoko umyalelo wangaphambili uqala ngoku:
sudo apt-get installanger
Ukuba awukwazi ukuba sudo, qala apha.
03 we-15
Ukumisa imiyalelo kunye nemiyalelo yokugijima kwimvelaphi
Ndiye ndabhalela isikhokelo esibonisa indlela yokusebenzisa imiyalelo yesigxina ngasemva .
- I-CTRL + Z - Ikhefu isicelo
- fg - Ukubuyisela kwisicelo
Ngoko yintoni le nto?
Cinga ukuba uvula ifayile kwi- nano ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
sudo nano abc.txt
Ngendlela yokuthayipha umbhalo kwifayili, uyaqonda ukuba ngokukhawuleza ufuna ukuthayipha omnye umyalelo kwisigxina kodwa awukwazi ukuba uvule i-nano kwimodi yangaphambili.
Unokucinga ukuba ukhetho lwakho kuphela ukugcina ifayile, phuma nano, sebenzisa umyalelo uze uvula kwakhona nano.
Konke okufuneka ukwenze, cinezela i-CTRL + Z kunye nesicelo sangaphambili siya kumisa kwaye uza kubuyiselwa kumgca wokulawula. Ungakwazi ukuqhuba nayiphi na umyalelo oyithandayo kwaye xa usuqedile ukubuyela kwiseshoni yakho yangaphambili yokumisa ngokungena "fg" kwi window yesigxina kunye nokubuya ngokucindezela.
Into enomdla ukuzama ukuvula ifayile kwi-nano, faka isicatshulwa uze umise iseshoni. Ngoku uvule enye ifayile kwi-nano, faka isicatshulwa uze umise iseshoni. Ukuba ngoku ungena "fg" ubuya kwifayile yesibini ovule kuyo. Ukuba uphuma nano uze ungene "fg" kwakhona kwakhona ubuyela kwifayile yokuqala ovule ngaphakathi kwe-nano.
04 we-15
Sebenzisa i-nohup Ukuqhuba imiyalelo Emva kokuba ungene kwi-SSH Session
Umyalelo we- nohup uncedo ngokwenene xa usebenzisa umyalelo we-ssh wokungena kwenye i-oomatshini.
Ngoko yintoni eyenzekayo?
Cinga ukuba ungene kwenye ikhomputer usebenzisa i-ssh kwaye ufuna ukuqhuba umyalelo othabatha ixesha elide uze uphume kwiseshoni ye-ssh kodwa ushiye umyalelo osebenzayo nangona awusekho ukuxhunywa emva koko uvumela ukuba wenze njalo.
Ngokomzekelo, ndisebenzisa i-Raspberry PI yam ukukhuphela iimpapasho zeenjongo zokuphonononga.
Andizange ndibe ne-Raspberry yangu PI exhunywe kwisiboniso okanye ndingenayo ikhibhodi kunye ne mouse edibene kuyo.
Ndihlala ndidibanisa i-Raspberry PI nge- ssh kwi laptop. Ukuba ndiqalise ukukhuphela iifayile ezinkulu kwi-Raspberry PI ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umyalelo we-nohup ngoko ndiza kulinda ukukhuphela ukuze ndiqede ngaphambi kokungena kwiseshoni ye-ssh nangaphambi kokuvala i-laptop. Ukuba ndiyenzile oku, mhlawumbi ndingayisebenzisi i-Raspberry PI ukukhuphela iifayile kuwo onke.
Ukusebenzisa yonke into endiyifanele ukuyifaka i-nohup elandelwa ngumyalelo ngale ndlela:
I-hp wget http://mirror.is.co.za/mirrors/linuxmint.com/iso//stable/17.1/linuxmint-17.1-cinnamon-64bit.iso &
05 we-15
Ukuqalisa I-Linux Command 'AT' Ixesha elithile
Umyalelo 'we-nohup' ulungile ukuba uxhumeke kumncedisi we-SSH kwaye ufuna umyalelo uqhubeke usebenza emva kokungena kwiseshoni yeSSH.
Khawucinge ukuba ufuna ukuqhuba umyalelo ofanayo kwinqanaba elithile ngexesha.
Umyalelo ' on ' umvumela ukuba wenze oku kanye. 'at' ingasetyenziswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
ngo-10: 38 ngoMgqibelo
kwi> cowsay 'hello'
> CTRL + D
Umyalelo ongentla apha uya kuqhuba inkqubo ye- cowows ngo-10: 38 ngeLwesihlanu kusihlwa.
I-syntax 'iya' ilandelwe ngumhla nexesha lokusebenza.
Xa uvela>> kuvela, faka umyalelo ofuna ukuwenza ngexesha elichaziweyo.
I-CTRL + D ibuyisa kwi-cursor.
Kukho amaxesha amaninzi ahlukeneyo kunye nexesha lexesha kwaye kuyafaneleka ukujonga iphepha lamadoda ngeendlela ezininzi zokusebenzisa 'kwi'.
06 we-15
Amaphepha Amanqaku
Amaphepha omntu anika umxholo wemiyalelo ekufuneka uyenze kunye nokutshintsha okungasetyenziswa nabo.
Amaphepha omntu anesiqhelo sodwa. (Ndiyicinga ukuba ayilungiselelwe ukusivuyisa).
Kodwa unokwenza izinto ukwenza ukusetyenziswa kwakho komntu kukhangele.
ukuthumela ngaphandle PAGER = ininzi
Kuya kufuneka ufakele 'ininzi; ukwenzela ukuba le nto isebenze kodwa xa wenza oko kwenza amaphepha akho omntu afakwe embala.
Unokukhawulela ububanzi bephepha lomntu ukuya kwinani elithile lamakholomu usebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
ukuthumela ngaphandle MANWIDTH = 80
Ekugqibeleni, ukuba unesiphequluli esikhoyo unokuvula iphepha ngalinye lomntu kwisiphequluli esingagqibekanga ngokusebenzisa i-H ukutshintsha njengendlela elandelayo:
umntu -H
Qaphela ukuba oku kusebenza kuphela ukuba unesiphequluli esingagqibekanga esisetyenziswe kwi-variable ye-BROWSER yendalo.
07 we-15
Sebenzisa ukujonga nokulawula iinkqubo
Nguwuphi umyalelo owenza ngawo ngoku ukufumana iinkqubo ezisebenzayo kwikhompyuter yakho? Ukubethelwa kwam kukuthi usebenzisa ' ps ' kwaye usebenzisa iitshintshi ezahlukeneyo ukufumana umphumo oyifunayo.
Faka 'htop'. Ngokuqinisekileyo isixhobo oza kufisa ukuba ufakele ngaphambili.
Uluhlu luhlinzeka uluhlu lwazo zonke iinkqubo ezisebenzayo kwisiphelo njengomphathi wefayile kwiWindows.
Ungasebenzisa umxube wezitshixo zomsebenzi ukutshintsha umyalelo wohlobo kunye namakholomu aboniswayo. Unokubulala kwakhona iinkqubo ezivela ngaphakathi.
Ukusebenzisa i-htop vele uthayiphe oku kulandelayo kwifestile yokugcina:
phezulu
08 we-15
Hlola indlela yefayile usebenzisa i-ranger
Ukuba i-htop inomsebenzi omkhulu wokulawula iinkqubo ezisebenzayo ngelayini lomyalelo, i-ranger iyincedo kakhulu ekuhambeni indlela yefayile usebenzisa umgca womyalelo.
Mhlawumbi kufuneka ufake i-ranger ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa kodwa emva kokufakela ungayiqhuba ngokukuthayipha oku kulandelayo kwi-terminal:
yomgcini
Umgca wewindow yomyalelo uya kufana nanoma yimuphi omunye umphathi wefayile kodwa isebenza kusekhohlo ukuya kwesokudla kunokuba phezulu ukuya kwisiseko esisezantsi ukuba ukuba usebenzisa isicatshulo sotshixo sobunxele usebenza ngendlela ephakanyisiweyo kwisakhiwo sefolda kwaye ukhiye wesicaco sokunceda usebenza phantsi kwesakhiwo sefolda .
Kufanelekile ukufunda iphepha lamadoda ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-ranger ukuze ukwazi ukusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iitshintshi zebhobhodi ezikhoyo.
09 we-15
UkuCima i-Shutdown
Ngoko uqale ukucima okanye ngelayini lomyalelo okanye kwi-GUI uze uqaphele ukuba awufuni ngokwenene ukwenza loo nto.
- ukuvala -c
Qaphela ukuba ukuvalwa koku sele kuqalile kwaye kusenokuba sekude kakhulu ukuyeka ukuvala.
Omnye umyalelo wokuzama ungolu hlobo lulandelayo:
10 we-15
Ukubulala ama-Hung Process Iinkqubo ezilula
Khawucinge ukuba uqhuba isicelo kwaye naziphi na izizathu, ixhomekeke.
Ungasebenzisa 'ps -ef' ukufumana inkqubo kwaye uyayibulala inkqubo okanye unokusebenzisa 'htop'.
Kukhona umyalelo okhawulezayo nolula oya kuthanda ubizwa ngokuthi xkill .
Tshintsha nje okulandelayo kwisigxina uze uklikha kwifestile yesicelo ofuna ukuyibulala.
xkill
Yintoni eyenzekayo nangona yonke inkqubo ixhomekeke?
Gcina izitshixo ze 'alt' kunye 'sysrq' kwikhibhodi yakho kwaye ngelixa zigcinwe phantsi udidi olu lulandelayo ngokukhawuleza:
REISUB
Oku kuza kuqalisa ikhompyutha yakho ngaphandle kokubamba iqhosha lombane.
11 we-15
Landa iividiyo ze-Youtube
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abaninzi bethu banomdla kakhulu kwi-Youtube yokusingatha iividiyo kwaye sizibukela ngokuzisasaza kumdlali weendaba ezikhethiweyo.
Ukuba uyazi ukuba uya kuba ungaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi kwithuba elithile (oko kukuthi ngenxa yokuhamba kwendiza okanye ukuhamba phakathi kwe-Scotland kunye nenyakatho ye-England) ngoko unokufuna ukulanda amavidiyo ambalwa kwi-pen drive kwaye ujonge ukuzonwabisa.
Konke okufuneka ukwenze ukufaka i-youtube-dl kumphathi wakho wephakheji.
Ungasebenzisa i-youtube-dl ngale ndlela:
u-youtube-dl url-to-video
Unokufumana i-URL kunoma iyiphi ividiyo kwi-Youtube ngokuchofoza isalathisi sesabelo kwikhasi levidiyo. Ukukopisha nje ikhonkco kwaye unamathisele kumgca womyalelo (usebenzisa ukutshintsha + faka inqamlezo).
12 kwi-15
Landa iiFayile ezivela kwiWebhu
Umyalelo wget wenza ukuba ukwazi ukukhuphela iifayile kwiwebhu usebenzisa i-terminal.
I syntax ilandelayo:
khetha indlela / kwi / igama lefayile
Umzekelo:
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/antix-linux/files/Final/MX-krete/antiX-15-V_386-full.iso/khuphela
Kukho inamba enkulu yokutshintsha engasetyenziswa kunye ne-wget efana ne -O ekuvumela ukuba uvelise igama lefayile kwigama elitsha.
Kwimizekelo engentla ndikhuphela i-AntiX Linux esuka ku-Sourceforge. Igama le-antiX-15-V_386-full.iso lide kakhulu. Kuya kuba mnandi ukuyilanda nje nge-antix15.iso nje. Ukwenza oku sebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
wget -O antix.iso http://sourceforge.net/projects/antix-linux/files/Final/MX-krete/antiX-15-V_386-full.iso/khuphela
Ukukhuphela iifayile enye akubonakali kukufanelekile, unokukwazi ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwiphepha lewebhu usebenzisa isiphequluli uze uqakraze ikhonkco.
Ukuba kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukukhuphela iifayile ezili-12 kwaye unako ukufaka iikhonkco kwifayili yokungeniswa kwaye usebenzise i-wget ukukhuphela iifayile ezizo ziqhagamshelwano ziya kukhawuleza.
Sebenzisa nje i -i ukuguqula ngale ndlela:
wget -i / indlela / ukuya / ukungenisa iifayile
Ngezinye iinkcukacha malunga nokukhetha ukutyelela http://www.tecmint.com/10-wget-command-examples-in-linux/.
13 we-15
I-Steam Locomotive
Le nto ayiluncedo kakhulu njengento emnandi.
Dweba isitimela kwisitimu sakho sokugcina usebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
sl
14 we-15
Fumana i-Fortune yakho
Omnye ongeyomfuneko ngakumbi kodwa nje umnandi ngumyalelo we-fortune.
Njengomyalelo we-sl, unokufuna ukuyifaka kwindawo yakho yokugcina.
Emva koko uthayiphe oku kulandelayo ukuze ufumane i-fortune yakho
inzuzo
15 we-15
Fumana Inkomo Ukuxelela I-Fortune Yakho
Ekugqibeleni ufumane inkomo kukuxelela i-fortune yakho usebenzisa i-coway.
Thayipha ezi zilandelayo kwisigxina sakho:
inzuzo | cowsay
Ukuba unesidiskrikhi sekhompyutha ungasebenzisa i-xcowsay ukuze uthole inkomo yekhathuni ukubonisa ubutyebi bakho:
inzuzo | xcowsay
i-cowows kunye ne-xcowsay ingasetyenziswa ukubonisa nayiphi na umyalezo. Umzekelo ukubonisa "World Hello" sebenzisa nje umyalelo olandelayo:
cowsay "ihlabathi lonwabo"