I-Sysklogd inikezela ngeenkonzo zombini ezibonelela ngenkxaso yokungena kwi-system kunye nomyalezo we-kernel. Inkxaso yee-intanethi kunye ne- unix domain sockets yenza le phakheji yesebenzisi ukuze isekele kokungena ngaphakathi nakwiindawo ezikude.
Ukungena kwenkqubo kuhlinzekwa ngenguqu ye syslogd (8) evela kwi-stock BSD imithombo. Inkxaso ye-kernel logging inikezwa ngumbhalo we- klogd (8) ovumela i-kernel logging ukuba iqhutywe ngefowuni okanye njengomxhasi we syslogd.
I-Syslogd inikezela uhlobo lokungena kwizinto ezininzi zeenkqubo zanamhlanje. Umyalezo ngamnye ongenayo uqulethe ubuncinane ixesha kunye nensime yomninimzi we hostname, ngokuqhelekileyo inkalo yegama lenkqubo, kwakhona, kodwa kuxhomekeke kwindlela ethembekileyo ngayo inkqubo yokungena.
Nangona iindawo ze- syslogd ziye zaguqulwa kakhulu amanqaku amaninzi zilungiswe. Okokuqala kukho konke ukuzama ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-syslogd ilandela ukungahambanga kwayo, ukuziphatha okusemgangathweni kwe-BSD. Umxholo wesibini obalulekileyo ukuba uqaphele ukuba le nguqulo ye syslogd idibanisa ngokucacileyo kunye neenguqu ye syslog efumaneka kwiilayibrari eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba ibhanari edibeneyo kunye neelayibrari ezabelwanayo eziqhelekileyo zihluleka ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo singathanda umzekelo wokuziphatha okubi.
Ifayile enkulu yokuqwalasela /etet//syslog.conf okanye enye ifayile, enikwe nge-- f option, ifundwa ekuqaleni. Nawuphi na umgca oqala ngeempawu ze-hash (`` # '') kunye nemigca engenanto ayinakunyuswa. Ukuba kukho impazamo ngexesha lokuxubusha umgca wonke ungagcinwa.
Isiqendu
syslogd [ -fakeka ] [ -d ] [ -f fayile yefayile ] [ -h ] [ -l i- host list ] [ -m ] [ -p socket ] [ -r ] [ -s domain list ] [ - v ] [ -x ]
Khetha
- isiseko
Ukusebenzisa le ngxabano ungacacisa iziseko ezongezelelweyo ezivela kwi syslogd kufuneka ziphulaphule. Oku kuyadingeka ukuba uya kuvumela idemon ethile isebenze ngaphakathi kwimeko ye-chroot (). Ungasebenzisa izicwangciso ezongezelelweyo ezifikelela kwi-19. Ukuba indawo yakho imfuneko ngakumbi, kufuneka ukwandise i-symbol MAXFUNIX ngaphakathi kwefayile ye source syslogd.c. Umzekelo we-chroot () daemon uchazwa ngabantu abavela kwi-OpenBSD kwi-http: //www.psionic.com/papers/dns.html.
-d
Ijika kwimodi yokuguqula. Ukusebenzisa le daemon ayiyi kuqhuba ifoloki (2) ukuzibeka ngasemva, kodwa ngokubhekiselele kulowo uhlala ngaphambili kwaye ubhale ulwazi oluninzi lwe-debug kwi-tty yangoku. Jonga iCANDELO lokungena kwi-DEBUGGING ngolwazi olungakumbi.
-f ifayile yokuqwalasela
Cacisa enye ifayile yokucwangcisa endaweni ye / /etc/syslog.conf , eyona ingagqibekanga .
-h
Ngokuzenzakalelayo syslogd ayiyi kuthumela phambili imilayezo eyayifumana kwizixhobo ezikude. Ukucacisa olu tshintsho kumgca womyalelo kuya kubangela ukuba i-daemon yelogi ithumele yonke imilayezo edeleyo eyayifumanayo yokuthumela imikhosi echazwe.
-ngabamkeli
Cacisa igama lomninimzi omele ulandelwe kuphela ngegama lakhe lomninimzi ongeyena kunye ne-fqdn. Izixhobo ezininzi zingacaciswa ngokusebenzisa i-colon (``: '').
-m
I- syslogd igawula itampampamp rhoqo. Umda ongagqibekanga phakathi kwamabini amabini - i-MARK- line imitha engama-20. Oku kungatshintshwa ngolu khetho. Ukubeka ikhefu ukuya kwi-zero iyakucima ngokupheleleyo.
-n
Gwema ukuhamba ngokuzenzekelayo. Oku kuyadingeka ngakumbi ukuba i- syslogd iqalwa kwaye ilawulwa yi- init (8).
-p iscket
Ungacacisa enye indawo yesizinda ye-unix esikhundleni se / dev / log .
-r
Olu khetho luya kwenza ukuba indawo ifumane umyalezo ukusuka kwinethwekhi isebenzisa isiseko se-intanethi kunye nenkonzo ye-syslog (bona (5)). Okungagqibekanga kukungafumani nayiphi na imiyalezo evela kwinethiwekhi.
Olu khetho lwenziwa kwi-1.3 yesiqulatho se-sysklogd. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ukuziphatha okungagqibekanga kukuchasene nendlela iinguqu zokudala eziziphatha ngayo, ngoko kufuneka uguqule oku.
- uluhlu lwezahlulo
Cacisa igama lesizinda elifanele lihlulwe ngaphambi kokungena ngemvume. Izizinda ezininzi zingachazwa ngokusebenzisa i-colon (``: ''). Nceda ucebise ukuba akukho zifundo eziphantsi kweenkalo ezingabonakaliswa kodwa ziphela iindawo ezisemgangathweni. Umzekelo ukuba -s north.de icacisiwe kwaye ukungena kwi-hostage kusisombululo kwi-satu.infodrom.north.de akukho sizinda siya kunqunyulwa, kuya kufuneka ucacise iipoleni ezimbini ezifana: -s north.de:infodrom.north.de .
-v
Phrinta inguqu kwaye uphume.
-x
Khubaza i-lookups igama xa ufumana imilayezo ekude. Oku kunqanda i-deadlocks xa i-nameserver isebenza kumashini ofanayo oqhuba i-syslog daemon.
Izimpawu
I-Syslogd ithatha i-set of signals. Ungathumela kalula umqondiso kwi syslogd usebenzisa oku kulandelayo:
bulala -SIGNAL `cat / var / run / syslogd.pid`Sighup
Oku kuvumela syslogd ukwenza ukuqaliswa kwakhona kwakhona. Zonke iifayile ezivulekileyo zivaliwe, ifayile yokucwangcisa (default default /etc/syslog.conf ) iya kuphinda iphindwe kwaye isixhobo se syslog (3) siqaliswe kwakhona.
SIGTERM
I syslogd iya kufa.
SIGINT , SIGQUIT
Ukuba ukuguqulwa kwamatyala kunikwe amandla oku kuhoywa, ngaphandle koko syslogd iya kufa.
SIGUSR1
Shintsha ukutshintsha / ukucima. Olu khetho lunokusetyenziswa kuphela ukuba i- syslogd iqaliswe kunye no-- d debug option.
SIGCHLD
Lindela abantwana xa abanye bezalwa, ngenxa yemilayezo yedonga.
Uluhlu lweefayile zeStatax
I-Syslogd isebenzisa i-syntax eyahlukileyo kwifayile yayo yoqwalaselo kunemithombo ye-BSD yasekuqaleni. Ekuqaleni yonke imilayezo yendawo ephambili kwaye ingentla ihanjiswe kwifayile yelog.
Ngokomzekelo, umgca olandelayo ubangele zonke iziphumo ezivela kwiidemon kunye nezixhobo ze-daemon (ukulungiswa kwemeko kukubaluleke kakhulu, ngoko ke onke amanqanaba aphezulu aya kufana) ukuze angene kwi / usr / adm / iademem :
# Isampula syslog.conf daemon.debug / usr / adm / iadememNgaphantsi kwesikimu esitsha, lo msebenzi uhlala ufana. Ukwahlula kukunyuka kweenkcukacha ezine ezintsha, i-asterisk ( * ) i-wildcard, uphawu lwe-equation ( = ), uphawu lokumangalisa ( ! ), Kunye nomqondiso osisigxina ( - ).
I- * ichaza ukuba yonke imilayezo yesibonelelo esicacisiwe iya kuhanjiswa kwindawo eya kuyo. Qaphela ukuba lo mzi uphuhlise ngokucacisa izinga eliphambili lokukhupha. Abasebenzisi baye babonisa ukuba i-asterisk notation is intuitive.
I = i- wildcard isetyenziswe ukukhawulela ukungena kwiqela eliphambili. Oku kuvumela, umzekelo, ukuhanjiswa kuphela ukuthumela imiyalezo kumthombo othile wokungena.
Ngokomzekelo, umgca olandelayo kwi syslog.conf uza kuhambisa imiyalezo evela kuyo yonke imithombo ukuya kwifayile / usr / adm / debug ifayile.
# Isampula syslog.conf *. = Ukulungisa / usr / adm / debugI ! isetyenziselwa ukukhuphela ukungena kwizinto eziphambili. Oku kukuchaphazela zonke (!) Amathuba okucacisa okuphambili.
Umzekelo, le mizila ilandelayo iya kubhala yonke imilayezo ye-imeyile yesibonelelo ngaphandle kwalabo abaneenkcukacha eziphambili kwi- file / usr / adm / yefayile yefayile. Yaye yonke imilayezo evela kwi news.info (kubandakanywa) ukuya kwi-news.crit (ngaphandle koku) iya kungena kwi- / usr / adm / iifayile zeendaba .
I-imeyile ye-syslog.conf imeyile. *; Imeyile.! = Ulwazi / usr / adm / mail news.info; iindaba.! Ugxeka / usr / adm / iindabaUngayisebenzisa nge-intuitively njenge-specifier. Ingcaciso ekhankanywe ngasentla ichazwe kuphela. Ukwenza oko ungayisebenzisa
ngeposi.nyeokanye
imeyile.!okanye
imeyile.!ukweqa yonke imilayezo ezayo ngeziko leposi. Kukho igumbi lokudlala nalo. :-)
I-ingasetyenziselwa kuphela ukuqamba igama lefayile ukuba ufuna ukuyeka ukuvumelanisa iifayile emva kokubhalwa kwayo nganye.
Oku kungathatha ukulungelelaniswa kwabo bantu basebenziselwa ukuziphatha kwe-BSD ecocekileyo kodwa abahloli bavezile ukuba le syntax yinto eguquguqukayo ngakumbi kune-BSD yokuziphatha. Qaphela ukuba ezi tshintsho akufanele zichaphazele iifayile eziqhelekileyo ze syslog.conf (5). Kufuneka uguqule ngokucacileyo iifayile zokucwangcisa ukufumana ukuziphatha okuphuculweyo.
Inkxaso yoKhuseleko lokuLondoloza kude
Ezi zilungiso zibonelela ngenkxaso yenethiwekhi kwisibonelelo se syslogd. Ukuxhaswa kwenethiwekhi kuthetha ukuba imilayezo inokudluliselwa kwi-node enye eqhuba syslogd kwenye i-node esebenzayo syslogd apho baya kuthi bangene kwifayile ye disk.
Ukuze wenze oku kufuneka ucacise i-- r inketho kumgca womyalelo. Ukuziphatha okungapheliyo kukuba syslogd ayiyi kuphulaphula umnatha.
Isicwangciso sokwenza ukuba i-syslogd iphulaphule kwi-domain ye-unix iscket kwimilayezo yengeniso yendawo. Olu hlobo luya kuvumela syslogd ukuba isebenzisane ne syslog efumaneka kwilayibrari yeC. Ngexesha elifanayo syslogd uphulaphula kwi-syslog port esebenzayo imilayezo edluliselwe esuka kwezinye iimikhosi. Ukuze ube nalo msebenzi ngokuchanekileyo iinkonzo (5) iifayile (ezifunyenwe kwi / / etc ) kufuneka zibe nelilandelayo:
syslog 514 / udpUkuba le yokungena ilahlekile syslogd kwaye ayikwazi ukufumana imilayezo eyikude okanye ukuyithumela, kuba i-port ye-UDP ayivuli. Endaweni yoko, syslogd uza kufa ngokukhawuleza, ekhupha umyalezo wephutha.
Ukwenza imilayezo ihanjiswe kwenye i-host ishintshe umgca wefayile eqhelekileyo kwifayili ye syslog.conf negama lomphathi apho imiyalezo iya kuthunyelwa i-@.
Umzekelo, ukuhambisa yonke imilayezo kwihost host ekude isebenzisa ukungena kwesi syslog.conf elandelayo:
Ifayile ye-syslogd yokucwangcisa ifayile kwimilayezo engu- # ukuya kwinqanaba elide eliphambili. *. *hostnameUkudlulisela yonke imilayezo ye- kernel kwi-host host ekude ifayile yokucwangcisa iya kuba ngale ndlela:
# Ifayile yokucwangcisa yesampula ukuthumela yonke imilayezo ye-kernel # kwi-host host. kern. * @hostnameUkuba igama lendawo yokuhlala lingasombululi ekuqaleni, kuba igama-server lingenakufikeleleka (lingaqaliswa emva kwe syslogd) akudingeki ukuba uxhalabele. U-Syslogd uza kuphinda alungiselele igama eliphindwe kabini aze akhononde. Enye inokwenzeka ukukhusela oku kukubeka igama lomninimzi kwi / etc / imikhosi .
Nge syslogd eqhelekileyo uya kufumana i-syslog-loops xa uthumela imilayezo efunyenwe ukusuka kummandla odeleyo ukuya kumphathi omnye (okanye ngakumbi kunzima kumsingatha wesithathu owubuyisela kokuqala, njalo njalo). Kwimimandla yam (i-Infodrom Oldenburg) senze ngenye indlela kunye neidiski zethu ezizaliswe ngumyalezo omnye. :-(
Ukuze ugweme oku kwimizuzu engaphezulu akukho myalezo efunyenwe ukusuka kummandla ohlala kude ekuthunyelwa kwenye (okanye efanayo) umphathi wesilawuli kude. Ukuba kukho iimeko apho oku kungenangqiqo, nceda undilahle (Joey) umgca.
Ukuba ummiselo ode kude uhlala kwisizinda esisodwa njengomncedisi, syslogd isebenza, kuphela igama lomninimzi eliza kulandelwa endaweni ye fqdn yonke.
Kwi-intanethi yendawo unganika umncedisi we-log yangaphakathi ukuze zonke iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo zigcinwe kumatshini omnye. Ukuba inethwekhi iqukethe imimandla eyahlukeneyo awunayo ukukhalaza malunga nokungena amagama aqeqeshekileyo ngokupheleleyo endaweni yegama lomncedisi. Unokufuna ukusebenzisa isakhiwo se-strip-domain -s yale seva. Uyakwazi ukuxelela i syslogd ukuhlula iipoleni eziliqela ngaphandle kweyodwa umncedisi ekhona kwaye kuphela log logames.
Ukusebenzisa i-- y option kukho kwakhona ithuba lokuchaza imikhosi engatshatanga njengamashishini asekuhlaleni. Oku, kwakhona, kubangelwa ukungena kuphela amagama abo alula kunye nee-fqdns.
Isiseko se-UDP esisetyenziselwa ukuthumela imilayezo kumasethi asekude okanye ukufumana imilayezo evela kubo iyavulwa kuphela xa kuyimfuneko. Ukukhutshwa ngaphambi kwe-1.3-23 kwavulelwa rhoqo kodwa kungavulwa ukufunda okanye ukuthumela ngokulandelanayo.
Isiphumo kumaPayipi anegama (i-FIFOs)
Le nguqulo ye syslogd inenkxaso yokuphuma kwegama lokungena kwiipayipi (i-fifos). I-fifo okanye ibhayibha egama lingasetyenziswa njengendawo yokufumana imilayezo yelog ngokulungiselela isimboli sepipy (`` | '') kwigama lefayili. Oku kulungele ukulungisa. Qaphela ukuba i-fifo kufuneka idale ngomyalelo we-mkfifo ngaphambi kokuba i-syslogd iqalwe.
Le mizila yefayile yokucwangcisa idibanisa imilayezo esuka kwikernel ukuya kwisihlanu:
# Ukucwangciswa kwesampula ukuhambisa i-kernel ukuguqulwa kwemiyalezo engu- # KUPHELA ukuya / usr / adm / debug ephethe umbhobho wegama #. kern = = debug | / usr / adm / debugUkuxhalabisa
Kukho into ebalulekileyo ekuqwalaseleni xa ufaka le nguqulo ye syslogd. Le nguqulo ye syslogd incike ekufomeni kakuhle kwemilayezo ngumsebenzi we syslog. Ukusebenza komsebenzi we-syslog kwiilayibrari ezabelwana ngazo utshintshe kwindawo ethile kwi-libc.so.4. [2-4] .n. Utshintsho oluthile lwaluyinqakraza ukuphelisa umyalezo ngaphambi kokuba uwuthumele kwi- dev / log socket. Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kweli phepha le syslogd kuxhomekeke ekugqityweni kokungafihli komyalezo.
Le ngxaki iya kubonakala ngokubonakalayo ukuba i-binary endala ixhomekeke kwi-system. AmaBhinari usebenzisa iinguqu zamandulo ze-syslog umsebenzi ziya kubangela imigca engenanto ukuba ilandelwe ngokulandelwa ngumyalezo kunye nomgca wokuqala kumyalezo osusiweyo. Ukuxubusha ezi binary kwiinguqulelo ezintsha zelayibrari ezabelwana ngazo ziya kulungisa le ngxaki.
Zombili syslogd (8) kunye neklogd (8) inokuthi iqhutywe kwi-init (8) okanye iqale njengenxalenye ye-rc. * Ngokulandelelana. Ukuba iqaliswe ukusuka kwi-init ukhetho -nokufuneka lubekwe, ngaphandle koko, uzakufumana iitoni zeedemem syslog zaqala. Oku kuba i- init (8) incike kwi-ID yenkqubo.
Ukhuseleko lwezokhuseleko
Kukho inzuzo yokuba i-syslogd daemon isetyenziswe njengendlela yokukhanyela ukuhlaselwa kwenkonzo. Siyabonga uye kuJohn Morrison (jmorriso@rflab.ee.ubc.ca) ukuze undixelele oku kunokwenzeka. Iprogram eqhoshayo (i-mer) inokukhukhuza kalula i-syslogd daemon kunye nemiyalezo ye-syslog eyenza ukuba iifayile zelog zidla yonke indawo esele kwifayile yefayili . Ukuququzelela ukungena kwi-domain ye-inet izabelo ziza kubonisa indlela yokubeka ingozi ngaphandle kweenkqubo okanye umntu kumatshini wendawo.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhusela umatshini:
- Phunyezwa ukutshayela umlilo ngokukhawulelana nokunciphisa imikhosi okanye amanethiwekhi amaninzi afumaneka kwi-socket ye-514 / UDP.
- Ukungena kwi-logging kungajoliswa kwiprogram yefayile engasecaleni okanye engeyiyo leyo, ukuba iyazaliswa, ayiyi kuphazamisa umatshini.
- Inkqubo yefayile ye-ext2 ingasetyenziselwa ukuba isetyenziswe ukukhawulela ipesenti ethile yefayili yokusetyenziswa kwimizi kuphela. QAPHELA ukuba oku kuya kufuna ukuba syslogd iqhutywe njengenkqubo engeyiyo ingcambu. NAKUBA uqaphele ukuba oku kuya kuthintela ukusetyenziswa kokungena kwiindawo ezikude ukususela ngo-syslogd abayi kukwazi ukubopha kwi-socket ye-514 / UDP.
- Ukukhubaza iziseko zeeet inet kuya kunciphisa umngcipheko kumatshini wendawo.
- Sebenzisa isinyathelo sesi-4 kwaye ukuba ingxaki iyaqhubeka kwaye ayikho isibini kwiprogram yesigxina / daemon ithola i-3.5 ft (malunga ne-1 imitha) ubude bendonga * kwaye uxoxe nomsebenzisi. Intonga ye-Sucker. --- 3/4, 7/8 okanye 1in. intonga yentsimbi enzima, iduna elifakwe kwiphepha ngalinye. Ukusetyenziswa kweprayimari kwishishini leoli kwiphondo laseNtshona Koloni nakwezinye iindawo zokuphambanisa 'ioli' yokusondeza emithonjeni yeoli. Ukusetyenziswa kwesekondari kukukwakhiwa kweenkomo zokutya kwenkomo kunye nokujongana nomntu ohlala emlonyeni wesinye isikhathi okanye umntu onqabileyo.
Ukuguqula
Xa ukuguqulwa komsebenzi kuvuliwe ekusebenziseni -d inketho koko syslogd iya kubhala ngokubhala ezininzi izinto ezenzayo kwi-stdout. Naluphi na ifayile yokucwangcisa iphinda iphindwe kwaye iphinduliswe kwakhona uya kubona i-tabular, ehambelana nesakhiwo senkcukacha zangaphakathi. Le thala linamasango amane:
inombolo
Le ntsimi iqulethe inombolo yenombolo eqala ngo-zero. Le nombolo ibonisa isikhundla kwisakhiwo sangaphakathi sedatha (oko kukuthi uluhlu). Ukuba inani elithile lishiywe ngaphandle, kunokube nephutha kumgca ohambelanayo / /etc/syslog.conf .
iphethini
Le ntsimi ilukhuni kwaye ibonisa isakhiwo sangaphakathi ngqo. Zonke iikholomu zimela indawo (bhekisa kwi syslog (3)). Njengoko uyakubona, kusekho ezinye izakhiwo ezishiywe mahhala ekusebenziseni kwangaphambili, kuphela ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenziswayo. Yonke insimu kwikholam ibonisa izinto eziphambili (bhekisa kwi syslog (3)).
nyathelo
Le ntsimi ichaza isenzo esithile esenzekayo naliphi na umyalezo ofunyenweyo ohambelana nomzekelo. Khangela kwi- syslog.conf (5) yamaphepha kwizinto zonke ezinokwenzeka.
iingxabano
Le ntsimi ibonisa iziphakamiso ezongezelelweyo kwizenzo kwintsimi yokugqibela. Ukufumana ifayile-login lo yigama lefayile yefayile yelogi; ukuloba umsebenzisi lolu uluhlu lwabasebenzisi; Ukungena kwiindawo ezikude yilo igama lomninimzi lomatshini ukuba ungene kuyo; ukukhupha i-console-logging yi-console esebenzisiweyo; ukutyhulwa kwe-tty yi-tty ecacisiweyo; udongeni alukho iingxabano ezongezelelweyo.
Bona kwakho
Abaququzeleli
I-Syslogd ithathwa kwimithombo ye-BSD, uGreg Wettstein (greg@wind.enjellic.com) yenza i-port kwiLuxux , uMartin Schulze (joey@linux.de) wanyusa iimbombo kwaye wongeza izinto ezininzi ezintsha. I-Klogd yayibhalwa nguSteve Nkosi (lord@cray.com), uGreg Wettstein wenza uphuculo olukhulu.
UDkt Greg Wettstein
Uphuhliso lweeNkqubo eziPhakamileyo
ICandelo loPhando lwe-Oncology
I-Roger Maris Cancer Centre
Fargo, ND
greg@wind.enjellic.com
Stephen Tweedie
Isebe lezeNzululwazi
IYunivesithi yaseEdinburgh, Scotland
sct@dcs.ed.ac.uk
Juha Virtanen
jiivee@hut.fi
UShane Alderton
shane@ion.apana.org.au
UMartin Schulze
Oldenburg
joey@linux.de
Kubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalelo womntu ( % umntu ) ukubona indlela umyalelo usetyenziswa ngayo kwiikhomputha yakho ethile.
Iziganeko ezihambelanayo