Isiphequluli sewebhu sisetyenziselwa ukubonakalisa isiqulatho somncedisi wewebhu
Iiphequluli zewebhu ezifana ne-Intanethi Explorer, i-Firefox, iChrome, kunye neSafari phakathi kwezicelo zonxibelelwano ezidumileyo kwihlabathi. Ziye zisetyenziselwa ukukhangela ulwazi oluphambili kodwa kunye nezinye iimfuno ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya ukuthengwa kwe-intanethi kunye nokudlala ngokungaqhelekanga.
Iiseva zeWebhu yintoni enika umxholo weipheqululwazi zewebhu; yintoni umyalezo wesiphequluli, umncedisi uyakuthumela kwi-Intanethi ye-intanethi.
I-Network-Server Network Design kunye neWebhu
Iiphequluli zewebhu kunye neeseva zewebhu zisebenza kunye njengenkqubo yomsebenzisi-server . Kwiinkonzo zekhompyutha, umncedisi-mncedisi ngumgaqo oqhelekileyo wokuyila izicelo apho idatha igcinwa kwindawo eziphambili (iikhomputha zeevayile) kwaye yabelana ngokufanelekileyo naliphi na inani lezinye iikhomputha (abaklayenti) kwisicelo. Zonke iiphequluli zewebhu zisebenza njengabaxhasi abacela ulwazi kwiiwebhusayithi (amaseva).
Abathengi abaninzi beebhanki bewebhu bangacela idatha kwiwebhusayithi efanayo. Izicelo ziyakwenzeka kuzo zonke izihlandlo ezahlukeneyo okanye ngaxeshanye. Iinkqubo ze-Client-server zibiza umnxeba zonke izicelo kwiziko elifanayo ukuba lilawulwe ngumncedisi omnye. Ngokwenza oko, nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba umthamo wezicelo kumaseva wewebhu ungadla ngokukhulu kakhulu, iiservisi zewebhu zivame ukwakhiwa njengebhodi elishiyekileyo lweikhomputha ezininzi ze-server.
Kwiiwebhusayithi ezinkulu kakhulu ezithandwa kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi, le ndawo ye-server ye-web ishicilelwe ngokubanzi ukuze kuncede ukuphucula ixesha lokuphendula kwiiphequluli. Ukuba umncedisi u kufuphi nesixhobo sokucela, kuya kulandelwa ukuba ixesha elithathayo ukuhambisa umxholo ukhawuleza kunokuba ngaba umncedisi wayedlulile.
Iiprotokholi zeNethwekhi zeBebhukisi beWebhu neeSeva
Iiphequluli zewebhu kunye namaseva athetha ngeTCP / IP . Iprotocol yokuTshintshiselwa kwe-Hypertext (HTTP) ngumgaqo-nkqubo wesicelo esiphezulu kwi-TCP / IP exhasa izicelo zesiphequluli sewebhu kunye nezimpendulo zeseva.
Iipheqululwazi zewebhu zixhomekeke kwi- DNS ukuze isebenze nama- URL . Ezi nqanaba zeprotokhthi zivumela iimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo zeipheqululwazi zewebhu ukuthetha kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo zeeseva zewebhu ngaphandle kokufuna ingcamango ekhethekileyo kwintsebenziswano nganye.
Njengendlela enkulu ye-intanethi, i-web browser kunye nokunxibelelana kwiseva ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutywa ngqungquthela lwee- routers zenethiwekhi eziphakathi.
Iseshoni yesiseko sokukhangela i-web isebenza kanje:
- Umsebenzisi uchaza i-URL kwisiphequluli sayo (mhlawumbi evela kwibhukumimakhi okanye ngokuyifaka)
- Isiqulathi siqala uxhumano lwe-TCP kwi-web server okanye kwi-pool ye-server (usebenzisa i-port 80 ngokungagqibekanga) ngekheli layo le- IP njengoko lipapashwe kwi-DNS. Njengengxenye yale nkqubo, isiphequluli senza i-DNS lookup izicelo zokuguqula i-URL kwidilesi ye-IP
- Emva kokuba umncedisi agqiba ukuvuma kwecandelo loxhumano lwe-TCP, umkhangeli-myalezo uthumela izicelo ze-HTTP kumncedisi ukufumana umxholo
- Emva kokuba iseva iphendule umxholo wekhasi, isiphequluli siyifumana kwiipakethe ze-HTTP kwaye ibonisa ngokufanelekileyo. Isiqulatho singabandakanya ii-URL ezifakwe kwiibhanki zentengiso okanye omnye umxholo wenkampani yesithathu, okwangoku kubangela ukuba isiphequluli sikhiphe izicelo ezintsha zokuxhuma kwi-TCP kulezo ndawo. Umkhangeli unakho ukugcina ulwazi lwesikhashana malunga nokudibanisa kwiifayile zendawo kwikhompyutha yomthengi okuthiwa ikhukhi
- Naziphi na iimpazamo ezidibeneyo ngexesha lokucela umxholo ungabonakaliswa njengemigca ye-HTTP