I Tutorial Yethulo
Intshayelelo
Ngokuya kwiphepha lemiqulu ethi umyalelo we-Linux "ping" usebenzisa i- ICMP protocol ye-ECHO_REQUEST datagram yokufaka i-ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE kummandla wesango.
Ikhasi leencwadi lisebenzisa amanqaku amaninzi kodwa konke okufuneka ukwazi ukuba umyalelo we-Linux "ping" ungasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuba umnxibelelwano ukhona kunye nexesha elithathayo ukuthumela nokufumana impendulo kwintanethi.
Kutheni Ubungayisebenzisa I-"ping" Command
Uninzi lwethu sivakashele ii-sites ezifanayo rhoqo. Ngokomzekelo, ndwendwela iWebhsayithi ye - BBC ukufunda iindaba kwaye ndwendwela iwebhusayithi ye-Sky Sports ukuze ndifumane iindaba zebhola zebhola kunye neziphumo. Ngokuqinisekileyo uya kubeka isethi sakho sesayithi eziphambili ezifana .
Cinga ukuba ungena kwidilesi yewebhu kwisiphequluli sakho kwaye iphepha alizange lilayishe konke. Isizathu sale nto sinokunye kwezinto ezininzi.
Ngokomzekelo , unokungenakho uxhumano lwe-intanethi kuwo onke, nangona uxhumekile kum router yakho . Ngamanye amaxesha umnini-nkonzo wenkonzo ye-intanethi unemiba ekhuselekileyo ekukhuseleni ukusebenzisa i-intanethi.
Esinye isizathu sinokuba isayithi iyancipha kwaye ayitholakali.
Kungakhathaliseki isizathu sokuba ukhangele lula ukuxhumeka phakathi kwekhompyutha yakho kunye nomnye umnatha usebenzisa umyalelo we "ping".
Umyalelo wePing usebenza njani
Xa usebenzisa ifowuni ufowunela inombolo (okanye ngokuqhelekileyo namhlanje ukhetha igama labo kwiincwadi zedilesi kwifowuni yakho) kwaye ifowuni ikhonkco ekupheleni kommkeli.
Xa lowo mntu ephendula ifowuni kwaye athi "u-hello" uyazi ukuba unxibelelwano.
Umyalelo we "ping" usebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ucacise idilesi ye-IP efana nenombolo yefowuni okanye idilesi yewebhu (igama elidibene nedilesi ye-IP) kwaye "ping" ithumela isicelo kwilo dilesi.
Xa uthungelwano olwamkelayo lufumana isicelo siya kubuyisela impendulo ebizwa ngokuthi "bonisi".
Ixesha elibanjelwe ukuba inethwekhi ukuphendula libizwa ngokuba yi- latency .
Umzekelo Ukusebenzisa I-"ping" Command
Ukuvavanya ukuba i-website ifumaneka nolu hlobo "ping" lulandelwa igama lesayithi ofuna ukuyifumana. Umzekelo wokuba ugijime umyalelo olandelayo:
ping
Umyalelo we-ping uthumela ngokuqhubekayo izicelo kwi-intanethi kwaye xa ufumene impendulo efunyenweyo uya kufumana i-output output ngolwazi olulandelayo:
- inani lee-bytes ezifunyenwe
- idilesi ye-IP
- ukulandelelana kwenani
- ixesha elithathwe ukuphendula
Ukuba inethwekhi ozama ukuyibeka ayiphenduli ngenxa yokuba ayifumaneki ngoko uya kukwaziswa ngale nto.
Ukuba uyazi idilesi ye-Intanethi yenethiwekhi ungayisebenzisa le ndawo kwindawo yegama lewebhu:
151.101.65.121
Fumana i-"ping" engavumelekanga.
Unokufumana umyalelo we-ping ukwenza isandi nanini xa impendulo ibuyiswa ngokusebenzisa "-a" njengenguqu yomyalelo njengoko kuboniswe kulo myalelo olandelayo:
ping -a
Buyela Ikheli le IPv4 okanye IPv6
I-IPv6 ngumgaqo-nkqubo wokuzalisa isizukulwana esilandelayo ukunikezela idilesi zenethiwekhi njengoko inikeza ukudibanisa okungaphezulu okuthe ngqo kwaye kubangelwa ukutshintshela inkqubo ye-IPv4 kwikamva.
Iprovota ye IPv4 inikezela iidilesi ze-IP ngendlela esetyenziswa ngayo njengamanje. (Umzekelo 151.101.65.121).
Iprovota ye IPv6 inikezela idilesi ze-IP kwifomati [fe80 :: 51c1 :: a14b :: 8dec% 12].
Ukuba ufuna ukubuyisela ifom ye-IPv4 yedilesi yenethiwekhi ungasebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
ping -4
Ukusebenzisa ifomati ye-IPv6 kuphela unokusebenzisa umyalelo olandelayo:
ping -6
Nciphisa ixabiso lempahla
Ngokungagqibekanga xa usebenzisa i-intanethi iyaqhubeka ukwenza oko de uze ucinezele i-CTRL ne-C ngexesha elifanayo ukuphelisa inkqubo.
Ngaphandle kokuba uvavanya isivinini somnatha, mhlawumbi ufuna ukukhangela uze ufumane impendulo.
Unako ukunciphisa inani lemizamo ngokusebenzisa "switch" -c "njengolu hlobo:
ping -c 4
Yintoni eyenzekayo apha kukuba isicelo kwisicatshulwa ngasentla sithunyelwa amaxesha amane. Isiphumo unokufumana iipakethi ezi-4 ezithunyelwe kunye neyoku-1 kuphela impendulo.
Enye into ongayenza ukusetha ixesha elide lokuqhuba umyalelo we-ping ngokusebenzisa "switch" -w ".
ping -w 10
Oku kuseka umhla wokugqibela we-ping ukuhlala imizuzwana engama-10.
Yintoni enomdla ngokusebenzisa imiyalelo ngale ndlela yiphumo njengoko ibonisa ukuba zininzi iipakethi ezithunyelwe kwaye zingaphi na ezifunyenweyo.
Ukuba iipakethi ezili-10 zathunyelwa kunye ne-9 kuphela zifunyenwe emva koko zifikelela kwilahleko ye-10%. Ukuphakama kwelahleko kukugqithiseleyo ukuxhamla.
Ungasebenzisa olunye utshintsho olukhukhula inani lezicelo kwinethiwekhi yokufumana. Iipakethi nganye zithumela icwecwe iboniswa kwesikrini kwaye yonke ixesha inethiwekhi ithatha icatshulwa ithathwa. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela ungakubona ngokubonakalayo ukuba ziphi iipakethi ezilahlekileyo.
Kufuneka ube ngumsebenzisi ophezulu ukuqhuba lo myalelo kwaye ngokwenene ukulungiselela iliso lenethiwekhi kuphela.
sudo ping -f
Ukuchasana kwezikhukula kukucacisa ixesha elide phakathi kwesicelo ngasinye. Ukwenza oku ungasebenzisa ukutshintsha "-i" njengolu hlobo:
ping -i 4
Umyalelo ongentla ungakhonkqitha yonke imizuzwana emine.
Indlela yoKhusela umphumo
Akunakukhathalela zonke izinto ezenzekayo phakathi kwesicelo ngasinye esithunyelwe kwaye samukelwanga kodwa kuphela umphumo ekuqaleni nasekupheleni.
Ngokomzekelo ukuba uthumela umyalelo olandelayo usebenzisa "-q" utshintshi uya kufumana umyalezo obonisa idilesi ye-IP ephawulwayo kwaye ekugqibeleni inani leepakethi ezithunyelweyo, ezifunyenwe kunye nokulahleka kwepakethi ngaphandle kokuba umgca wokungenelela uphindwe.
ping-q -w 10
Isishwankathelo
Umyalelo we-ping unamanye ambalwa ongakhetha ngawo onokufundwa ngokufunda iphepha leencwadi.
Ukufunda iphepha leencwadi liqhuba lo myalelo olandelayo:
ndoda