Isiseko senye yezobuchwepheshe obuphambili kwiprogram yomnatha wekhompyutha. Iziseko zivumela izicelo zeekhompyutheni zokunxibelelana ukuba zisebenzise ngokusebenzisa iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezakhiweyo kwi-hardware yenethiwekhi kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza.
Nangona kungathi ngathi yinto enye yentuthuko yesofthiwe ye-Intanethi, ubuchwepheshe bezetekethi bekho ixesha elide ngaphambi kweWebhu. Kwaye, ezininzi zezicelo zeteknoloji ezithandwayo zixhomekeke kwiziseko.
Ziziphi iziseko ezingayenza kwiNethiwekhi yakho
Isiseko sibonisa uxhulumaniso olulodwa phakathi kweefayile ezimbini zesofthiwe (into ebizwa ngokuba yi- point-to-point connection). Iziqendu ezingaphezulu kweebini zesoftware zinganxibelelana nabathengi / iseva okanye iinkqubo ezisasazwayo ngokusebenzisa iziseko ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, ezininzi izikhangeli zewebhu zinganxibelelana kunye nomncedisi omnye wewebhu ngokusebenzisa iqela leziseko ezenziwe kwiseva.
Isofthiwe esekelwe kwisiseko isebenza kwiikhompyutha ezimbini ezihlukeneyo kwinethiwekhi, kodwa iziseko zingasetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana ngaphakathi kwikhompyutha enye. Iziseko ziyi- bidirectional , nto leyo ithetha ukuba nayiphi na icala kwicala liyakwazi ukuthumela nokufumana idatha. Ngamanye amaxesha esinye isicelo esilungisa uxhulumaniso sithiwa "umxhasi" kunye nesinye isicelo "umncedisi," kodwa eli sigama likhokelela ekudidekeni kwontanga ekunxibelelaneni nezonxibelelwano kwaye kufuneka kuphephe ngokubanzi.
Iifayile ze-API neeLibrari
Iilayibrari eziliqela ezizalisekisa i- interfaces yohlelo lokusebenza oluqhelekileyo (APIs) zikhona kwi-Intanethi. Iphakheji yokuqala yeyona ndlela-i-Berkeley Socket Library isasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ze-UNIX. Elinye i-API eqhelekileyo yi-Windows Sockets (WinSock) ithala leencwadi ze-Microsoft. Ngokumalunga nolunye ubuchwephesha bekhompyutheni, ii-API zetekisi zivuthiwe: i-WinSock isetyenziswe ukususela ngo-1993 kunye neziseko zeBerkeley ukususela ngo-1982.
I-APC ezisezantsi zincinci kwaye zilula. Imininzi yemisebenzi ifana neleyo esetyenziswe kwiifayile zokufakelwa kweefayile / iziphumo ezifana ne funda () , bhala () , kunye close () . Iifowuni zomsebenzi zangempela zokusebenzisa zixhomekeke kulwimi lwenkqubo kunye nethala ekhethiweyo.
Iintlobo zeeNkcukacha zoLungiso
Iintambo zangaphakathi ziyakwazi ukwahlula zibe zigaba ezintathu:
- Amacwecwe okufudula, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo, ludinga ukuba amaqela amabini oqhagamshelwano aqale ukuseka uxhumano lwesiseko, emva koko nayiphi na idatha edlulileyo kudibeneyo iya kuqinisekiswa ukuba ifikelele kwindlela efanayo apho ithunyelwe kuyo mzekelo.
- I-Datagram sockets inika "uxhumano-ngaphantsi" kweemanethi. Ngeedramrams, ukudibanisa kubangele kunokuba kuvezwe njengemilambo. Elinye iqela lithumela kuphela i-datagrams njengoko lifunekayo kwaye ilinde omnye ukuba aphendule; Imilayezo ingalahleka ekudlulisweni okanye ifunyenwe ngaphandle komyalelo, kodwa yimbopheleleko yesicelo kwaye ayikho iziseko zokujongana nale ngxaki. Ukuphunyezwa kweepatagram zetagram kunganika ezinye izicelo ukukhuliswa komsebenzi kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokungqinelana xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenzisa iziseko zokusasaza, ukubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwezinye iimeko.
- Uhlobo lwesithathu lwesiseko - isiseko esicatshulwayo - sithatha inkxaso yekharityhulam eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kwiiprotokholi eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne- TCP kunye ne- UDP . Iziseko ezinamanzi zisetyenziselwa ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo eziphantsi kweenkqubo.
Inkxaso yeNkxaso kwiiNkqubo zoNxibelelwano
Izixokelelwano zenethiwekhi zangoku zisetyenziswa ngokubambisana neenkqubo ze-Intanethi - i-IP, i-TCP kunye ne-UDP. Iibrari ezizalisekisa iziseko ze-Intanethi ye-Intanethi isebenzisa i-TCP kwimifudlana, iDP yee-datagram, ne-IP ngokwayo kwizisekelo eziluhlaza.
Ukunxibelelana nge-Intanethi, iilayibrari ezisekhompyutheni ze- IP zisebenzisa idilesi ye - IP ukuchonga iikhomputha ezithile. Inxalenye ezininzi ze-intanethi zisebenza ngeenkonzo zokuqamba igama, ukuze abasebenzisi kunye nabasebenzi beprogram bangasebenze ngeekhomputha ngamagama ( umz. , "Lecomputer.wireless.about.com") endaweni yedilesi ( umzekelo , 208.185.127.40). Ukusasaza kunye neetekethi zetekisi kusetyenziswa iinombolo zeenombolo ze-IP ukuhlukanisa izicelo ezininzi ukusuka komnye nomnye. Ngokomzekelo, iiphequluli zewebhu kwi-intanethi zikwazi ukusebenzisa i-port 80 njengento engagqibekanga yokuxilana kunye neeseva zeWebhu.