Wonke umntu uthetha ngeendlela zokuhamba ngeendlela zokubambisa njengento ebalulekileyo kumanethiwekhi asekhaya, kodwa bambalwa abantu bathatha ixesha lokujonga ngokucophelela kuzo zonke izinto i-router enokuyenza. Abasebenzisi bee-home routers banikezela ezininzi iimpawu ezincedo ngaphaya kobambiswano olusisiseko. Abavelisi baye bongeza iintsimbi ezingaphezulu kunye neengcingo kwiminyaka yamuva.
Ingaba inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya isebenzise ngokugcwele ubuchule be-router? Amacandelo angezantsi ahamba ngeendlela ezininzi kunye nemisebenzi. Xa uthengela i-router entsha, qinisekisa ukuba imodeli oyikhethayo ixhasa izixhobo ozifunayo, njengoko bonke bengabanikeli ngokufanayo.
I-Wi-Fi yodwa okanye yeTual Double Band
Iidoloji ze-Wi-Fi zasekhaya zasendlini ziqulethwe yerediyo enye eyadluliselwa kwi-band ye- 2.4 GHz band. Ii- router ezingama- 802.11n ezibonisa iteknoloji yonxibelelwano ebizwa ngokuthi iMIMO (Multiple In Multiple Out) yatshintsha loo nto. Ngomabini (okanye ngaphezulu) othungelwano lwe-omsakazo olufakwe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi, ii-routers zasekhaya ziyakwazi ukuthetha ngokugqithiseleyo ngebhanti ebanzi kunokuba ngaphambili okanye ngeqela elihlukeneyo.
Ii-roual ze-Wi-Fi zisekela ii-radios ezininzi kwaye zisebenza kwii-2.4 GHz kunye ne-5 GHz. Ezi zithuthi zivumela ngokufanelekileyo imindeni ukusetha ezimbini i-subnetworks ezingenazintambo kwaye zifumane iintlobo zezo zombini iintlobo. Umzekelo, ukuxhunywa kwe-5 GHz kunokwenza usebenze phezulu kunxibelelwano lwe-2.4 GHz, ngoxa i-2.4 GHz ibonelela ngokubanzi udidi kunye nokuhambelana namadivayisi amadala.
Ukufumana okungakumbi, bonani: I- Double-Band Wireless Networking ichazwe
I-Traditional okanye iGigabit Ethernet
Uninzi lwezithuthi zokuqala zasekhaya lokuqala nolwesibini aluzange luxhase i-Wi-Fi. Ezi zibizwa ngokuthi "i-broadband broadband" zihamba ngee- Ethernet kuphela ezichwebeni , zenzelwe ukucwangcisa i-PC, umshicileli mhlawumbi ne-console yegeyimu. Ukuthatha inzuzo enkulu kwi-teknoloji, abanye abanini bezindlu bajonga ukulungiselela izindlu zabo ngekhebula le-Ethernet .run kumagumbi ahlukeneyo.
Namhlanje, ngokuthandwa kwe-Wi-Fi kunye nezixhobo zeselula (ezininzi zazo azixhasi naluphi na uxhonongo olunamathele), abavelisi baqhubeka befaka i- Ethernet kwii-routers zabo zasekhaya. I-Ethernet inikeza ukusebenza kancinci kancinci kunxibelelwano lwe-wire kwiimeko ezininzi. Iimodem ezininzi ezininzi ezithandwayo zixhuma kwi-routers nge-Ethernet, kwaye imidlalo ye-hardcore idla ngokukhetha i-Wi-Fi kwiinkqubo zabo zokudlala.
Kuze kube kutshanje, bonke abaxhasi baxhasa i-100 Mbps (ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "i-10/100" okanye i-"Fast Ethernet") iteknoloji njengabazali babo bokuqala.
IPv4 ne IPv6
Zonke ii-routers zasekhaya zixhasa iProsoft Protocol (IP) . Bonke abasebenzisi abatsha bancedisa iifayile ezimbini ezihlukeneyo ze-IP - entsha IP version 6 (IPv6) kwaye ikhulile kodwa ingumxholo we-4 (IPv4). Iindlela zokuqala zokuhamba ngeesebhanti zixhaswa kuphela IPv4. Nangona i-router ene-IPv6 enekhono ayifanelekanga, iinqununu zasekhaya zinokufumana inzuzo ekukhuseleni nasekuphuculeni ukusebenza.
Ikhonkco yeeNethwekhi zeNethwekhi
Esinye sezixhobo ezisemgangathweni zokukhusela ii-routers zasekhaya, iteknoloji yoLwazi lweNethwekhi yeNethwekhi (NAT) ifake iskimu sokudibanisa inethiwekhi yendlu kunye nokuxhumeka kwayo kwi-intanethi. I-NAT ilandelela iilesi zazo zonke izixhobo ezixhunywe kwi-router kunye nayiphi na imilayezo eyenzayo kwilizwe langaphandle ukuze i-router ikwazi ukuhambisa iimpendulo kwisixhobo esifanelekileyo kamva. Abanye abantu babiza le nto "i-firewall" ye-NAT njengoko ikhusela ngokuthe ngileyo izithuthi ezinjengezinye iintlobo zomlilo zomnatha .
Uxhumano kunye noNcedo lweZibonelelo
Ukuxhamla uxhumano lwe-intanethi kwi-intanethi yasekhaya nge-router ayikho-brainer (jonga - Indlela yokuxhuma ikhompyutha kwi-intanethi ). Ngaphandle kokufikelela kwi-intanethi, ezinye iintlobo zezibonelelo zingabelana ngazo.
Abashicileli banamhlanje bayamxhasa i-Wi-Fi kwaye banokudibaniswa kwinethiwekhi yasekhaya apho iikhomputha kunye neefowuni zinokuthumela yonke imisebenzi kubo. Okunye - Indlela yokunxibelelanisa umshicileli .
Ezinye ii-routers ezintsha zifaka iiprojithi ze- USB ezicwangcisiweyo zokungena kwiimoto zokugcina zangaphandle. Oku kugcinwa kungasetyenziswe ngamanye amacebo kwinethwekhi yokukopisha iifayile. Ezi mqhubi zingaphunyezwa kwakhona kwi-router kwaye zithunyelwe kwezinye iindawo ukuba umntu ufuna ukufikelela kudatha ngelixa ehambayo, umzekelo. Ngaphandle kweempawu zokugcina i-USB, i-router yenza ukwabelana ngefayile yenethiwekhi phakathi kwezixhobo ngezinye iindlela. Iifayile zingadluliselwa kusetyenziswa isebenzi yenkqubo yomsebenzi wenethwekhi okanye ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokugcina ifu. Okungakumbi - Isingeniso kwiFayile yokwabelana kwiikhompyutha zeNethwekhi .
Iintlanganiso zeeNdwendwe
Abanye abatsha abangenazintambo ezingenazintambo (akukho konke) bancedisa ukuthungelwano kwezivakalisi , okuvumela ukuba usethe icandelo elikhethekileyo lenethiwekhi yakho ekhaya ukuvakashela abahlobo kunye nosapho. Iintanethi zeeNdwendwe zinqanda ukufikelela kwinqununu yekhaya lokuqala ukuze iindwendwe zikwazi ukukwazi ukukhangela izitenxo zeenethwekhi zekhaya ngaphandle kwemvume yakho. Ngokukodwa, inethwekhi yomninimzi isebenzisa ukucwangciswa okukhuselekileyo kokukhuseleko kunye neenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zezokuphepha ze-Wi-Fi kunabanye kwinethiwekhi yasekhaya ukwenzela ukuba izitshixo zakho zangasese zihlale zifihliwe.
Ngaphezulu, funda: Ukusetha up kunye nokusebenzisa iNethiwekhi yeeNdwendwe ekhaya .
Ukulawulwa kwabazali kunye nezinye izithintelo zokuFinyelela
Abenzi be-router bavame ukuvakalisa ukulawulwa kwabazali njengendawo yokuthengisa yemveliso yabo. Iinkcukacha zendlela ezi lawulo zisebenza ngayo zonke kuxhomekeke kumzekelo we-router ezibandakanyekayo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zolawulo lomzali ziquka:
- ukuvimba iiWebhsayithi ezithile ngegama
- ukukhawulela amaxesha emini (ubusuku) apho umntwana angakwazi ukufikelela kwiWebhu
- ukukhawulela inani elipheleleyo leeyure ngosuku umntwana angakwazi ngayo kwi-intanethi
Umlawuli we-router ulungelelanisa izicwangciso zolawulo lwabazali ngeemenu ze console. Izicwangciso zisetyenziselwa ngokwahlukileyo ngefowuni ukwenzela ukuba izixhobo zomntwana zingancinci kwaye ezinye zihlala zingagcinwanga. Abaqhubi bagcina umkhondo wesazisi zezixhobo zabo zendawo (i- MAC ) idilesi ukwenzela ukuba umntwana akakwazi ukuqamba kwakhona ikhompyutha yabo ukuphepha ukulawula kwabazali.
Ngenxa yokuba izinto ezifanayo zinokuba luncedo kumntu womtshato kunye namanye amalungu omkhaya ngaphandle kwezingane, ulawulo lwabazali lubhetele ngokubhekiselele kwimimiselo yokufikelela .
Iseva yeVPN kunye neNkxaso yeKlayenti
Ubuchwephesha boBucala beNgcaciso (Private Vista) (VPN) buphucula ukhuseleko lwe-intanethi kwaye luye lwaba luninzi lwaziwa ngokukhula kwenethiwekhi engenazintambo. Abantu abaninzi basebenzisa iiVPN kwindawo yokusebenzela, okanye kumadivayisi eselula adibanisa kwiindawo zokuhlala ze-Wi-Fi , kodwa bambalwa abasebenzisa i-VPN xa bekhaya. Abanye abaqhubi abatsha banika inkxaso ye-VPN, kodwa abanye abayithandi, kwaye nokuba nabo benzayo banokuthi banqunywe kumsebenzi abanikela ngawo.
Iirejista zasekhaya ngeVPN zibonelela kuphela inkxaso ye-VPN. Oku kuvumela amalungu omkhaya ukuba amise uxhulumaniso lweVPN ekhaya xa behamba. Abasebenzisi beekhaya abancinci ukongeza ukunikezela ngenkxaso yabaxhasi beVPN, okwenza amacebo angaphakathi ekhaya enze udibaniso lweVPN xa ufinyelela kwi-Intanethi. Abo bajonga ukhuseleko lwee-wireless connections ekhaya kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba i-router yabo ingasebenza njengomxhasi we-VPN.
Ukuthunyelwa kwePort kunye nePPP
Umgangatho osemgangathweni kodwa ongaqondakaliyo wee routers zasekhaya, ukudluliselwa kwefama kunika umlawuli amandla okulawula izithuthi ezingenayo kumadivayisi ngamnye ngaphakathi kwintanethi yasekhaya ngokweenombolo zee - TCP ne- UDP ezikulo myalezo ngamnye. Iziganeko eziqhelekileyo apho ukuthunyelwa kweefama kusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya i-PC yokudlala kunye ne-Web hosting.
Umgangatho we-Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) wakhiwa ukuze kube lula indlela iikhomputha kunye nezicelo zisebenzisa izibuko ukuthetha kunye namanethiwekhi asekhaya. I-UPnP ibeka ngokuzenzekelayo unxibelelwano oluninzi oluthile luya kufuna ukuba ngesandla silungiselele ukungena kokungena kwi-port kwi-router. Zonke ii-routers zasekhaya eziphambili zixhasa uPnP njengento ekhethiweyo; Abalawuli banokukhubaza ukuba benqwenela ukugcina ulawulo olupheleleyo kwiinqununu zokudlulisela izibuko.
QoS
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zasekhaya zinikela iinketho ezininzi zokulawula iMigangatho yeNkonzo (i-QoS) kwinethiwekhi yasekhaya. I-QoS ivumela umlawuli ukuba anike amadivaysi akhethiweyo kunye / okanye izicelo zifikelele kwi-intanethi yokufikelela kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano.
Uninzi lwee-rout routers zixhasa i-QoS njengento engatshintshiweyo okanye icime. Iiborta zaseKhaya kunye neQoS zinokubonelela ngezicwangciso ezihlukeneyo kwiinkonzo ze-Ethernet ezicwangcisiweyo ngokuxhomekeke kwizixhumo ezingenantambo ze-Wi-Fi. Izixhobo eziza kubaluleka ziqhelekileyo zichongwe kwidilesi yabo ye- MAC . Ezinye iinkqubo zeQoS eziqhelekileyo:
- Iitrato kwii-TCP okanye i-UDP zangasese zihlala zibeka phambili ziphezulu okanye ziphantsi kunezinye. Abalawuli basebenzisa ezi zicwangciso ukuba banikele phambili kwiimidlalo zenethiwekhi.
- I-WMM (i-Wi-Fi MultiMedia) I-QoS ifumanisa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ibeka phambili phambili ukuhanjiswa kwevidiyo kunye ne-voice traffic kwi-Wi-Fi. Uninzi lwee-routers ziquka i-WMM njengendlela ekhethiweyo; ezinye iimodeli zigcina iWMM inikwe amandla ngokungagqibekanga ngelixa abanye bekhutshaziwe ngokuzimela.
Ukusekwa kwe-Wi-Fi ekhuselweyo (WPS)
Injongo emva kweWPS ilula: Iinqununu zaseKhaya (ngokukodwa izicwangciso zezokhuseleko) zingaba nephutha elimiselweyo ukusetha, ngoko ke nayiphi na into ehamba ngayo inkqubo igcina ixesha kunye neentloko. I-WPS inika iinkqubo zokukhuphela ukuqinisekiswa kwezokhuseleko zee-Wi-Fi okanye ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yoxhumo lwenqakraza okanye kwiNombolo yeeNgcaciso zeNkcukacha (Personal PIN), ii-passkeys ngezinye izihlandlo ezichithwa ngokuzenzekelayo usebenzisa ukuNxibelelana koNxibelelwano oluSondeza (NFC) . Abanye abaxhasi be-Wi-Fi abaxhasi iWPS, nangona kunjalo, kunye nokukhathazeka kokukhuseleka kukho.
Ngaphezulu, funda: Isingeniso kwiWPS kwiiNethiwekhi ze-Wi-Fi
IFirmware ephuculweyo
Abakhiqizi be-Router bavame ukulungisa izimbombo kwaye bangeze ukuphucula kwiinkqubo zabo zokusebenza. Bonke abahamba ngezolimo banamhlanje baquka inkqubo yokuvuselela i- firmware ukuvumela abanikazi ukuba baphucule i-router yabo emva kokuthenga. Abenzi abancinci bee-router, ngokugqithiseleyo i-Linksys, bahamba phambili kwaye banike inkxaso ngokusemthethweni kwabaxhasi babo ukuba bathathe indawo ye-firmware ye-stock kunye nomntu wesithathu (umthombo ovame ukuvula) njengeDD-WRT .
Umyinge wesiqhelo angenakukhathalela kakhulu, kodwa abanye abanomdla kwezobugcisa bacinga ukuba bakwazi ukwenza ngokwezifiso i-firmware njengento ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni i-router ekhaya. Qaphela kwakhona: Iimpawu zee-Wi-Fi ezingenazintambo ezingenazintlu zeeKhompyutha zeeKhompyutha .