Nangona ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe be-wireless, amaninzi amanethiwekhi ekhompyutheni ekhulwini lama-21 ahlala ethembela kwiicingo njengezixhobo eziphathekayo ezixhobo zokudlulisa idatha. Zininzi iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zeentambo zentambo ezikhoyo, nganye zenzelwe iinjongo ezithile.
Caxial Cables
Ukungena kwi-1880s, "i-coax" yaziwa ngokugqithiseleyo njengoluhlobo lwekhebula oludibanisa iisethi kumabonakude asekhaya. Ikhebula leCoaxial liyimilinganiselo yee-10 Mbps ze- Ethernet cables . Xa i-10 Mbps ye-Ethernet yayithandwa kakhulu, ngexesha lama-1980 nakwiminyaka yokuqala yama-1990, amanethiwekhi amaninzi asetyenziselwa enye yeentlobo ezimbini ze-coax cable - thinnet (10BASE2 standard) okanye thicknet (10BASE5). Ezi zixhobo ziquka ucingo lobhedu lwangaphakathi oluxutyaniswe nobukhulu obujikelezwe ngokugxininisa kunye nolunye ukukhusela. Ukuqina kwabo kubangele ukuba abalawuli beenethwekhi banzima ukufaka nokugcina umnqweno we-thinnet kunye ne-thicknet.
Amacwecwe aPhezulu aPhezulu
Ekugqibeleni ibhangqa elixhasayo liye lavela ngexesha lama-1990 njenge-standard leading cabling ye- Ethernet , ukuqala nge-10 Mbps ( 10BASE-T , eyaziwa ngokuba yiCandelo 3 okanye iCat3 ), kamva ilandelwa iinguqulelo eziphuculweyo ezingama-100 Mbps (100BASE-TX, Cat5 , neCat5e ) kunye nokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza ukufikelela kwi-10 Gbps (10GBASE-T). Izixhobo zombini ze-Ethernet ezidibeneyo zinezixhobo ezifikelela kwizihlandlo ezilisibhozo (8) ziboshwe ndawonye ngamabini ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kombane.
Iintlobo ezibini eziphambili zemigangatho yamacandelo edibeneyo yeekharityhulam ichazwe: I- Paired Twisted Pair (UTP) engabanjwanga kunye kunye ne- Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) . Izixhobo ze-Ethernet zanamhlanje zisebenzisa i-wiring ye-UTP ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphantsi, ngelixa i-STP icling itholakala kwezinye iindidi zethungelwano ezifana ne- Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) .
Fiber Optics
Esikhundleni seensimbi zensimbi ezifakelwe ukuhambisa izitshixo zombane, iintambo zethungelwano ze-fiber optic zisebenzisa iilwimi zeglasi kunye nezipho zokukhanya. Ezi ntambo zethungelwano zithengiswa nangona zenziwe ngeglasi. Baye bafaka ingqalelo kuncedo kwiindawo zokunxibelelana kwenethiwekhi yomhlaba (WAN) apho kufakwe umgama omde ongaphantsi komhlaba okanye ngaphandle kweekhefu zeeofisi kunye nakwizakhiwo zeofisi apho umthamo ophezulu wokunxibelelana kwezithuthi uqhelekileyo.
Imigangatho ebini yeprayibus optic yecandelo lemboni ichazwa - imodeli enye (100BaseBX standard) kunye ne- multimode (i-100BaseSX standard). Amanethiwekhi omnxeba omude asekude asebenzisa i-single-mode ye- bandwidth yamandla angaphezulu, ngelixa amanxibelelwano asekuhlaleni asebenzisa i-multimode endaweni ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphantsi.
Cables USB
Ininzi ye- Universal Serial Bus (USB) ixube idibanisa ikhompyutha enefowuni (idibhodi okanye imouse) kunokuba enye ikhomputer. Nangona kunjalo, ii-adapters zenethiwekhi ezikhethekileyo (ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yi- dongles ) nazo zivumela ukuxhuma ikhebula ye-Ethernet kwi- USB ngokuthe ngqo. Iimbane ze-USB ziquka i-wiring pair wiring.
Cables and Parallel Cables
Ngenxa yokuba ii-PC ezininzi kuma-1980s nakwiminyaka yokuqala ye-1990 zazingenakho amandla e-Ethernet, kwaye i-USB ayizange iphuhliswe okwamanje, ii-interfaces ze-serial kunye ne-parallel (ngoku zingasetyenziswayo kwiikhompyutheni zanamuhla) ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana kwe-PC-to-PC. Izixhobo ezibizwa ngokuba yi- null model , umzekelo, zidibanisa iiports eziphathekayo ze-PC ezimbini ezivumela ukudluliselwa kwedatha ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwe-0.115 no-0.45 Mbps.
Crossover Cables
Izintambo ze-modem ze-Null ziyodwa mzekelo woluhlu lwee- crossover cables . Ikhefu ye-crossover idibanisa iifowuni ezimbini zee-intanethi zoluhlobo olufanayo, ezifana nee-PC ezimbini okanye iinguqu zombini.
Ukusetyenziswa kweentambo ze-Ethernet crossover kwakuqhelekileyo kwiintanethi zasekhaya ezedlulileyo kwiminyaka edlulileyo xa udibanisa ii-PC ezimbini ngqo. Ngaphandle, ii-Ethernet crossover zibonakala zifana ngokuqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo (ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yi- straight-through ), umahluko obonakalayo kuphela umyalelo wocingo olufakwe kumbala ovela kwisixhobo sokuphela kwekhebula. Abavelisi basebenzisa amanqaku akhethekileyo okuhlukanisa iimbambo zabo zokubangela kwesi sizathu. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje, amaninzi amanxibelelwano asekhaya asebenzisa iirase ezikwazi ukuzakhela i-crossover, ukuphelisa imfuno yezi cube ezikhethekileyo.
Ezinye iintlobo zeeNethiwekhi zeeNethiwekhi
Abanye abaqeqeshi bee-intanethi basebenzisa ikhefu ye- patch yebhedi ukubhekisela kuyo nayiphi na inamba ye-intanethi ye-intanethi isetyenziswe ngenjongo yesikhashana. I-Coax, idijithi ephosiweyo kunye neentlobo ze-fiber optic zee-patch cables zonke zikhona. Belana ngeziganeko ezifanayo zomzimba njengezinye iintlobo zetambo zenethiwekhi ngaphandle kokuba izicatshulwa zepaki zihlala ziba zifutshane.
Iisetyenziselwano zethungelwano lwe-Powerline zisebenzisa i-wiring yombane esebenzayo yokunxibelelana kwedatha usebenzisa i-adapters ezikhethekileyo ezixhunyiwe kwizibhengezo zodonga.