Ifayili yelog, njengoko usenokuba uqikelele, inika umgca wenkcazo ye -Linux kwinkqubo yokusebenza , izicelo kunye neenkonzo.
Iifayile zigcinwa kwimiyalezo ecacileyo ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukufunda. Esi sikhokelo sinikeza umxholo wokujonga apho ufumana khona iifayile zelogi, ukhankanya ezimbalwa zeengodo ezinkulu kwaye uchaza indlela yokuzifunda.
Unokufumanaphi iifayile zeLunux Log
Iifayile zelogi ze Linux zigcinwa kwifolda / var / logs.
Ifolda iya kuba nenani elikhulu leefayile kwaye unokufumana ulwazi kwisicelo ngasinye.
Umzekelo xa umyalelo we-ls uqhutywa kwisampuli / var / logs ifolda apha zimbalwa zeengodo ezikhoyo.
- kern.log
- auth.log
- bootstrap.log
- ezinye iindlela
- samba
- iikomityi
- i-lightdm
Ezi zintathu zokugqibela kuloluhlu ziyiefolda kodwa zifake iifayile kwiifolda.
Njengoko iifayile zelogi zifomathi yombhalo ocacileyo ungazifunda ngokuthayipha umyalelo olandelayo:
nano
Umyalelo ongentla apha uvula ifayile yelog kwi-editor ebizwa ngokuba yi- nano . Ukuba ifayile yelogi isayizi elincinci kwaye kulungile ukuvula ifayile yelogi kunye nomhleli kodwa ukuba ifayile yelogi ikhulu kwaye mhlawumbi unomdla wokufunda umsila wokuphela kwelogi.
Umyalelo womsila uvumela ukuba ufunde imigca embalwa edlulileyo kwifayile ngale ndlela:
umsila
Ungacacisa ukuba zingaphi iindlela zokubonisa ngazo -ntshintshela ngale ndlela:
umsila -n
Ewe, ukuba ufuna ukubona ukuqala kwefayili ungasebenzisa umyalelo oyintloko .
Iimpawu zeNkqubo ezibalulekileyo
Iifayile zelog ezilandelayo zizona ziphambili ukujonga kwi-Linux.
- Ukugunyazwa kweNgxowa
- Daemon Log
- Ingxaki yoLuhlu
- Kernel Log
- Log Log
Igosa lokugunyazwa (auth.log) lilandelwa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokugunyazisa ezilawula ukufikelela komsebenzisi.
I-daemon log (daemon.log) ithatha iinkonzo ezisebenza kwimvelaphi eyenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo.
Iidemon zivame ukuba zingekho mveliso.
I-log de debug inikezela ukukhishwa kwesiphumo kwezicelo.
I-log kernel inikeza iinkcukacha malunga ne-kernel ye Linux.
I-log log iqulethe inkcazelo engakumbi malunga neprogram yakho kwaye ukuba isicelo sakho asinayo ingeniso yaso ingeniso mhlawumbi iya kuba kule fayili yelog.
Ukuhlalutya iziqulatho zeFayile yeNgxelo
Umfanekiso ongasentla ubonisa iziqulatho ezidlulileyo ezingama-50 ngaphakathi kwifayile ye-log ye-log (syslog).
Umgca ngamnye kwilogi uqulethe olu lwazi lulandelayo:
- Umhla
- Igama lomkhosi
- Isicelo / iNkonzo
- Umyalezo
Ngokomzekelo, umgca omnye kwifayile yam syslog ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Januwari 20 12:28:56 gary-virtualbox systemd [1]: ukuqala isicwangcisi somhleli
Oku kukuxelela ukuba iikomityu zokuhlela iinkonzo ziqalisiwe ngo-12.28 ngomhla we-20 kuJanuwari.
Imiqulu ejikelezayo
Iifayile zelogi zijikeleza ngezikhathi ukuze zingabi zikhulu kakhulu.
I-log ijikeleza umbane unomthwalo wokujikeleza iifayile ze log. Uyakwazi ukuxelela xa i-log ijikelezwe ngenxa yokuba iya kulandelwa yimibolo efana ne-auth.log.1, auth.log.2.
Kunokwenzeka ukutshintsha ixesha lokujikeleza kwelogi ngokuhlela ifayile / njl / logrotate.conf
Oku kulandelayo kubonisa isampula kwifayili yam logrotate.conf:
#rotrot iifayile ze log
ngeveki
#gcina 4 iiveki ezifanelekileyo zeefayile zelog
ukujikeleza 4
Yenza iifayile ezintsha zelogi emva kokujikeleza
kudala
Njengoko uyakubona, ezi fayile ziyijikeleza ngeveki, kwaye kukho iiveki ezine zeefayili ezigcinwe ngaluphi na ixesha ngexesha.
Xa ifayile yelogi ijikeleza enye entsha idalwe endaweni yayo.
Isicelo ngasinye sinokuba nomgaqo-nkqubo wokujikeleza. Oku kuyiluncedo ngokucacileyo kuba ifayile ye-syslog iya kukhula ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi kuneefayile ze log log.
Iinkqubo zokujikeleza zigcinwa kwi /etet/logrotate.d. Isicelo ngasinye esifuna umgaqo-nkqubo wokujikeleza siya kuba nefayile yokuqwalasela kule folda.
Ngokomzekelo isixhobo esinakho ifayile kwifayile ye-logrotate.d ngolu hlobo:
/var/log/apt/history.log {
ukujikeleza 12
ngenyanga
cindezela
ulahlekile
ukungafuni
}
Ngokwenene, le log ikuxelela oku kulandelayo. Igogi iya kugcina iifayile ezili-12 zeefayile zexabiso kwaye zijikeleze nganye nyanga (1 ngenyanga). Ifayili yelogi iya kugxininiswa. Ukuba akukho myalezo ebhaliweyo kwilog (oko kukuthi akukho nto) ke oko kuya kwamkeleka. I-log ayiyi kujikeleza ukuba ayinanto.
Ukuchibiyela umgaqo wefayile ukuhlela ifayile kunye nezicwangciso ozifunayo uze usebenze umyalelo olandelayo:
logrotate -f