Intshayelelo
I-Spring ngoku ngokugcweleyo (nangona ikhephu apha ngasenyakatho yeScotland) yaye oko kunokuthi nje into enye, inguqu yakamuva ye-Ubuntu ikhishwe.
Kule ngongoma ndiya kubalaselisa iinkalo ezibalulekileyo zeBuntu kubantu abo abangazange basebenzise Ubuntu ngaphambili.
Ndiza kuba nokugqamisa iimpawu ezintsha ezifumaneka kwi-Ubuntu 15.04.
Ekugqibeleni kuya kuba nembonakalo kwezinye zezinto eziyaziwayo.
Indlela Yokufumana Ubuntu 15.04
Ukuba ungumtsha kwi-Ubuntu ungayilanda inguqu yakutsha kwi-http: //www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop.
Ikhasi lokukhuphela licebisa abasebenzisi abaninzi ukuba bakhuphe ukukhutshwa kwe-14.04.2 eyona nto yokuxhaswa kwexesha elide kwaye le nto ndiya kufike emva kokuhlaziywa.
Inguqu yakutshanje ngu-15.04 kwaye iyakunikwa ngokukhwela phantsi kwekhasi kancane.
Qaphela ukuba unokukhuphela ii-32-bit okanye ii-64-bit ze-Ubuntu. Ukuba uceba ukwenza i-boot nge-Windows 8.1, uya kufuna i-64-bit version. Uninzi lweekhomputha zanamhlanje ngoku zi-64-bit.
Indlela Yokuzama Ubuntu 15.04
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzama u-Ubuntu ngaphandle kokuphazamisa inkqubo yokusebenza osebenzayo ngoku.
Ngokomzekelo apha ezinye iindlela zokuzama u-Ubuntu:
- Yenza ibhootable Ubuntu 15.04 USB drive
- Zama Ubuntu njengomshini obonakalayo usebenzisa i-Oracle Virtualbox
- Zama Ubuntu njengomshini ochanekileyo usebenzisa i-GNOME Boxes
Indlela yokufaka Ubuntu 15.04 (okanye 14.04.2)
Emva kokukhuphela i-Ubuntu 15.04 ISO (okanye 14.04.2) landela esi sikhokelo ukudala i-Ubot 15.04 USB drive .
Ngoku ungayifaka indawo ye-operating system yakho kunye no-Ubuntu usebenzisa amaxwebhu asemthethweni ngokuchofoza kule nqununu okanye klikha apha kwi-Boot Ubuntu 15.04 nge-Windows 7 okanye nqakraza apha kwi-boot Ubuntu 15.04 nge-Windows 8.1 .
Indlela yokuphucula kwi-Adeli yangaphambili yeBuntu
Cofa apha ngenqaku elibonisa indlela yokuphucula inguqu yakho yangoku ye-Ubuntu ukuya ku-15.04.
Ukuba usebenzisa Ubuntu 14.04 uzakufuna ukuphucula kwi-Ubuntu 14.10 kuqala kwaye uphinde uphucule kwakhona kwi-Ubuntu 15.04.
Ukuqala kokuqala
Ukubonakala kwakho kokuqala koBuntu ukuba awuzange uyisebenzise ngaphambili kuya kuxhomekeke kwindlela osebenza ngayo okwamanje.
Ukuba ngoku usebenzisa i-Windows 7 uze uqaphele ukuba umsebenzisi womsebenzisi we-Ubuntu uhlukile kakhulu kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kakhulu namhlanje.
Abasebenzisi be-Windows 8.1 mhlawumbi baya kuziva bekuncinci kwaye banokumangaliswa kukuba ideskithophu yobumbano ezayo neBuntu isebenze kangcono kunokuba idesktop ye-Windows 8.1.
Ubuntu be-Unity desktop ineluhlu lwezithonjana kwi-bar ngaphantsi kwekhohlo elibizwa ngokuba yi-launcher. Cofa apha ukuze uthole isikhokelo esipheleleyo kwisiqalisi se-Ubuntu .
Kuphezulu kwesikrini kukho ipaneli enye eneempawu kwikhoneni elilungileyo. Iimpawu ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla zivumela ukuba wenze oku kulandelayo:
- Hlela uqhagamshelwano lwe-intanethi
- Lungisa izicwangciso zolwimi
- Setha i-bluetooth
- Lungisa izicwangciso zamandla
- Lungisa izicwangciso zomsindo
- Jonga ikhalenda / ixesha
- Yenza izicwangciso zenkqubo, utshintshe abasebenzisi, ukuvala njl njl
Ubuntu kwaye ngokukodwa Ubunye bunika ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuhlanganiswa okungaxhamli kwezicelo kunye nedeskithophu.
Umthumeli ngokucacileyo uncedo kakhulu ngokuvula izicelo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo njengesiqulathi sewebhu se-Firefox, i-LibreOffice kunye ne-Software Centre.
Yonke into oya kuyidinga ukuyisebenzisa iDash kunye nendlela elula yokuhamba ngeDash kukuba usebenzise iinqamfayile zebhobhobhodi. Cofa apha ukuze usikhokele kwi-Unity Dash .
Ukukunceda ngokufunda amancinci ekhibhodi kukho iqhosha elisebenzayo elingafumaneka ngokubamba iqhosha elingaphezulu (ukhiye weWindows) kwikhibhodi yakho imizuzwana embalwa.
IDashboard
I-Dash inombono weembono ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo ezibizwa ngokuba yiilensi. Ukuba ubheka ngaphantsi kwesikrini kunezithonjana ezincinane ezisetyenziselwa ukubonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi ngale ndlela:
- Ikhasi - isishwankathelo sezicelo ezahlukeneyo kunye neefayile ezisandul 'ukusetyenziswa njl njl njl
- Izicelo - Indlela yokujonga zonke izicelo kwiinkqubo kunye nezicelo ezikhoyo
- Iifayile kunye neefolda - Jonga uphinde uphendule iifayile kunye neefolda kwikhompyutheni yakho
- Umculo - Khetha kwiingoma kunye ne-albhamu kwikhompyutha yakho okanye kwiwebhu
- Iividiyo - Khetha kwividiyo kwiikhompyuter yakho okanye kwiwebhu
- Iifoto - Jonga iifoto
Ngengcamango nganye kukho iziphumo zengingqi kunye nemiphumo ye-intanethi kwaye ezininzi iimboniselo zikhowudi. Umzekelo xa usemvali womculo ungayicoca nge-albhamu, umculi, uhlobo kunye neshumi.
I-dash ibangela ukuba kube lula ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi ngaphandle kokuvula isicelo.
Ukuxhuma kwi-Intanethi
Ukuxhuma kwi-intanethi qhosha kwi icon ye-intanethi ephezulu kwikhoneni eliphezulu lasekunene njengoko kuboniswe kumfanekiso uze ukhethe inethiwekhi ofuna ukuyixhuma.
Ukuba udibanisa kwinethiwekhi ekhuselekileyo uya kucelwa ukuba ufake ukungundoqo kwokhuseleko. Kufuneka ukwenze oku kanye, kuya kukhunjulwa ngexesha elizayo.
Cofa apha ukuze uthole isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokudibanisa kwi-inthanethi kunye no-Ubuntu
I-MP3 Audio, i-Flash kunye neProprietary
Njengoko uninzi lwezabelo kufuneka ufake iiphakheji ezongezelelweyo ukuze udlale iiFayili zeefayile kwaye ubukele iividiyo ezigqithisiweyo.
Ngethuba lokufakela ucelwa ukuba ukhawule ibhokisi ukuze ukwazi ukudlala iifayile ze-MP3 kodwa ukuba awuzange wenze oko konke akulahlekanga.
Kukho iphakheji ngaphakathi kwi-Ubuntu Software Centre ebizwa ngokuba yi "Ubuntu Restricted Extras" ekunika yonke into oyifunayo.
Ngelishwa ukufaka iphakheji ye "Ubuntu Restricted Extras" ngaphakathi kwi-Ubuntu Software Centre inesiphene esikhulu. Ngethuba lokufakela ibhokisi yokwamkela ilayisenisi kufuneka ibonakale ngokusebenzisa iifayile ze-TrueType zeMicrosoft.
Ngamanye amaxesha ibhokisi yokwamkela ilayisensi ivela emva kweWindows Center window. Ungafikelela kwibhokisi ngokuchofoza "?" icon kwi-launcher.
Okubi nangona kunjalo kukuba ngamanye amaxesha isigidimi sokwamkela asibonakali nhlobo.
Ukunyaniseka indlela elula yokufaka ipakethe ye "Ubuntu Restricted Extras" ukusebenzisa i-terminal.
Ukwenza njalo uvule iwindow yokuphela (Ctrl Ctrl - Alt - T zonke ngexesha elinye) kwaye faka le miyalelo elandelayo kwifestile ebonakalayo:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
Ngexesha lofakelo lwepakethi ibhokisi yelayisenisi iya kuvela. Cinezela ukhiye wesithuba ukukhetha inkinobho ethi "Kulungile" uze ucinezela ukungena ukuze uqhubeke.
Izicelo
Kulabo baxhalabisa ukuba Ubuntu kungenzeka ukuba ingabi nezicelo oye waziqhelanisa neWindows akufanele ukhathazeke konke.
Ubuntu unayo yonke into oyifunayo ukuze uqalise ukuquka i-browser yewebhu, i-office suite, i-imeyile iklayenti, abathengi beengxoxo, umdlali womculo kunye nomdlali weendaba.
Izicelo ezifakiwe zibandakanya kodwa azikhawulelwanga kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- I-Aisleriot Solitaire - Umdlalo weKhadi
- I-Brasero - I-Disk Burning Software
- FireFox - Isiphequluli sewebhu / Isikhangeli sewebhu se-Ubuntu
- Calculator
- I-Cheese - I-Webcam Viewer
- Ukwabelana ngeDesktop
- Umbukeli weMqulu
- Uvelwano - I-Instant Messenging
- Iifayile - Umphathi weefayile
- Umbukeli weZithombe
- I-FreeOffice - I-Ofisi yokuSebenza
- Mahjongg - Umdlalo
- Imigodi - iMinesweeper
- I-Remmina - Idesktop yeKdesktop yeKlayenti
- Rhythmbox - Audio Player ( Chofoza apha ukuze ufumane isikhokelo esipheleleyo )
- Umfanekiso weskrini - Screencapturing
- Shotwell - Umphathi wezithombe
- Sudoku - Umdlalo
- I-Thunderbird - I-imeyile Client
- Umhleli Wombhalo
- Ukuthunyelwa - I-Client yeBittorrent
Ukufaka i zicelo
Ukuba uhlobo lwesicelo olufunayo alufaki ngokusilelayo kwaye luyakwazi ukufumaneka kwi-Ubuntu Software Centre.
Ukuba ufuna nje ukugqithisa ungakchofoza kwiindidi ezizimeleyo kwaye ukhangele kakuhle kodwa ngokuyinxalenye uya kufuna ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokukhangela ukukhangela ngegama elingundoqo okanye isihloko.
I-Software Ubuntu Software iphucula kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ibuyela iziphumo ezingaphezulu kunokuba yenza ngaphambili kodwa isenza ezinye izinto ezinomsindo.
Ngokomzekelo ukuba ufuna ukufaka iStam ucinga ukuba uyayifumana kwiComputer Center. Ngokuqinisekileyo kukho ukungena kwe-Steam kunye nenkcazo. Ukuqakraza kwenkcazo ichaza ukuba isofthiwe ayikho kwiifostile zakho.
Ngoku ke uklikhela kwintolo ecaleni "Yonke iSoftware" phezulu kwaye ukhethe "Kunikwe Ubuntu". Uluhlu olutsha lweziphumo lubonakala kunye nenketho ye "Valve Steam Delivery System". Ukufaka le phakheji kukufumana umthengi weStam.
Kutheni kungekho "yonke i-Software" ithetha yonke i-Software?
Izinto ezintsha kwiBuntu 15.04
Ubuntu 15.04 inezixhobo ezilandelayo:
- Linux Kernel 3.19 - Uhlobo olusisigxina
- Inkqubo ibeka endaweni ye-instart init system
- Ubunye 7.3 ineenketho ezintsha zokumisela ukuba imenyu iboniswe ngaso sonke ixesha kunokuba nje i-mouseover, vumela i-Dash, HUD kunye nezikrini zokungena ukubonakala kwiifowuni ezipheleleyo zesikrini, iifayile kwiimifanekiso
- Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeCompiz eziquka i-NVidia izibuyekezo ezithile, inkxaso epheleleyo ehlangeneyo ye-MATE, ukuvuselelwa kwe-GTK-Window-Decorator
- Firefox 37, i-Chromium 41
- Iqonga le-GNOME ngokusekelwe kwi-version 3.14 kunye ne-QT kwi-5.4
- I-Pulseaudio ihlaziywe kwisiqendu 6
Cofa apha ukuze uthole amanqaku ekhululiwe
Imiba eyaziwayo
Ezi zilandelayo ziyaziwayo kwi-Ubuntu 15.04:
- Akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-USB-Creator ngo-14.04 (okanye ngaphambilana) ukudala ii-Ubuntu zokuqhubela ii-versions 14.10 kwaye emva koko
- I-Virtualbox - Emva kokufaka ukusasazwa usebenzisa i-Virtualbox iDVD iya kukhutshwa kodwa awuyi kucinezela ukungena ukuqalisa kwakhona
- Ukudala izahlulo zenkcubeko ngelixa ukufaka kwi disk engenanto iphosa umyalezo othi "Qinisekisa ukufakwa kwe-UEFI?" Oku akunakonakalisa kwaye kunokunyanzelwa.
Ubuntu 14.04 Ngokubhekiselele kwiBuntu 14.10 ngokubhekiselele kuBuntu 15.04
Nguwuphi udidi lweBuntu olufanele ukhethe?
Ukuba ungumsebenzisi omtsha kwaye ufaka Ubuntu ngokokuqala ngqa oko kungase kube lula ukufaka Ubuntu 14.04 njengoko kunemali emihlanu yokuxhasa kwaye awuyi kudingwa ukuphucula zonke iinyanga ezi-9.
Ukuba usebenzisa Ubuntu 14.10 okwangoku ke kufuneka ulungele ukuphucula ukusuka kwi-Ubuntu 14.10 ukuya kwi-Ubuntu 15.04 ukuze uhlale uxhaswa.
Akukho sizathu sokuba ufake i-Ubuntu 14.10 njengesixhobo esitsha sokufakela. Kodwa kuya kufuneka uhlaziywe kusuka kwi-Ubuntu 14.04 ukuya ku-Ubuntu 14.10 ukuze uhlaziywe kwakhona kwi-Ubuntu 15.04 ukuba unqwenela ukusuka kwi-Ubuntu 14.04 ukuya kwi-Ubuntu 15.04. Enye indlela yokugcina iifayile ezibalulekileyo kwaye ufake kwakhona Ubuntu 15.04 ukususela ekuqaleni.
Ubuntu 15.04 kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwegciwane kunye neentuthuko ezincinci. Ayikho into entsha ekufuneka ihambe. Inkqubo yokusebenza isesimweni esisigxina okwangoku kwaye ngoko kugxininiswa ngokuqinisekileyo kwintlangano ngokuguquguquka.
Ubumfihlo
Abasebenzisi abatsha kwiBuntu kufuneka baqonde ukuba iziphumo zophando ngaphakathi kwiDity Unity ziquka izivakalisi ze-Amazon kunye ne-Ubuntu imvume yesivumelwano ithi iziphumo zakho zophando ziya kusetyenziswa ukuphucula iimveliso ezinikezelwa zona. Kuyafana ngokufanayo neziphumo ezijoliswe ku-Google ngokusekelwe kukusesha kwangaphambili.
Unako ukuguqula lo mboniso uze ushiye imiphumo ye-intanethi ukusuka kwiDash.
Cofa apha ukuze ube ngumgaqo-nkqubo wobumfihlo obanzi
Isishwankathelo
Ndandisoloko ndiba ngumtshatsheli woBuntu kodwa kukho ezinye izinto ezingabonakali ziba ngcono. Ngokomzekelo i-Software Centre. Kutheni kungenakukwazi ukubuyela kuphela kuzo zonke iziphumo ezikhethiweyo. Iqhosha lithi "Zonke iziphumo", buya zonke iziphumo.
Ividiyo zentsimbi ayinayo icebo kwakhona. Kwakusetyenziselwe ukuba ndikhethe imithombo yevidiyo ekhompyutheni ukukhangela kodwa ihambe.
Iphakheji le "Ubuntu Restricted Extras" ibaluleke kakhulu kodwa kukho i-glitch ebalulekileyo kunye nesivumelwano selayisenisi okanye ukufihla emva kwesiko lesoftware okanye kungabonakali nhlobo.
Ubume beDesktop bube yinto ekhanyayo xa kufike kwiidisktops zanamhlanje kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo kodwa ndiza kuthi i-desktop ye-GNOME ngoku ikhethiweyo ngakumbi xa udibanisa i-GNOME Music kunye ne-GNOME Video.
Ndiye ndahlaziya i-openSUSE kunye ne-Fedora kutshanje kwaye andinakukwazi ukuthetha ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba Ubuntu ingcono kunabanye babo.
Into enye Ubuntu ine-100% ngokufanelekileyo ngumfakeli. Kuyinto elula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye iphelele ngokugqithiseleyo kuzo zonke ii-installers engizamile.
Makhe ndicace. Le nguqulo ye-Ubuntu ayiyonto embi, akukho nto ibasebenzisi abasebenzisi abanomdlayo abayayifumana ingathandeki kodwa kukho imiphetho eyaneleyo eyenza abasebenzisi abanokuthi bahle.
Ubuntu isona esinye sezibane ezikhanyayo zeLuxux kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ukuba uthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ngaba ungumqali okanye uqeqeshiweyo.
U kufunda ngakumbi
Emva kokufaka Ubuntu qwalasela isi sikhokelo esilandelayo: