Ukusebenza kweSigqibo seVidiyo

Apho iliso lidibanisa isikrini ...

Xa uthengela i-TV, umdlali we-Blu-ray Disc, umdlali weDVD, okanye i-camcorder, umthengisi usoloko ebonakala ebonisa ukulungiswa kwexesha. Le mizila kunye namaphikseli kunye nokunye ... Emva kwexesha, akukho nanye kubonakala ngathi iyingqiqo. Nantsi oku kufuneka ukwazi.

Sisiphi isigqibo seVidiyo

Umfanekiso wevidiyo uyenziwe ngemigca yokukhangela (ukurekhoda kwevidiyo ye-analog / izixhobo zokudlala kunye neeTV) okanye iipikseli (ukurekhoda kwedijithali / izixhobo zokudlala kunye ne- LCD, iPlasma, i-OLED TV ). Inombolo yemigca yokukhangela okanye iipekseli inquma ukurekhodwa okanye kuboniswe isisombululo.

Ngokungafani nefilimu, apho umfanekiso wonke uboniswa kwisikrini kwangoko, imifanekiso yevidiyo iboniswa ngokuhlukileyo.

Iifayile zeZithombe ziboniswa njani

Umfanekiso weTV uqulethwe ngemigca okanye iipikseli kumgca weskrini uqala phezulu kwesikrini kwaye uhambela phezulu. Le miqolo okanye imigqa ingaboniswa ngeendlela ezimbini.

• Indlela yokuqala enokuthi imifanekiso iboniswe ngokuhlukanisa imigca ibe ngamacandelo amabini apho yonke imigca edibeneyo iboniswa kuqala kwaye yonke imigca elandelwayo ibonakaliswe ukupakisha okanye ukuphenya ngaphakathi .
• Indlela yesibini, esetyenziselwa kwimo yevidiyo yedijithali, iyaphonononga ngokuqhubekayo . Esikhundleni sokubonisa imigca kwiinkalo ezimbini, i-scan scan ivumela imigca ukuba iboniswe ngokulandelelana. Oku kuthetha ukuba zombini imida engaqondakaliyo kunye neenkcukacha ezibhalwe ziboniswe ngokulandelana kwamanani.

I-TV ze-CRT (iiTV ezisebenzisa iitampu zemifanekiso) zingenziwa ukubonakalisa imifanekiso eqhutywayo okanye eqhubela phambili, kodwa i-TV-panel panel (LCD, iPlasma, OLED) inokubonisa kuphela imifanekiso ngokuqhubekayo - xa ibhekane nomqondiso wesithombe ongena ngaphakathi, ipaneli I-TV iya kuphinda iqhube iinkcukacha zevidiyo ezithintekayo ukuze ziboniswe ngokuqhubekayo.

Ividiyo yeAnalog - Indawo yokuQala

Xa kuziwa ngendlela esibukeka ngayo kwisisombululo sevidiyo, ividiyo ye-analog yindawo yokuqala. Nangona ininzi yale nto esiyibonayo kwiTV itholakala kwimithombo yedijithali, imithombo ethile ye-analog kunye neTV zihlala zisetyenziswa.

Kwividiyo ye-analog, inkulu kwinani lemizila yokukhangela, ngakumbi ngakumbi umfanekiso. Nangona kunjalo, inani lemigca yokukhangela echanekileyo lugqityiweyo kwinkqubo. Nantsi ukujonga indlela isisombululo esisebenza ngayo kwi- NTSC, PAL, kunye ne-SECAM iifayile zevidiyo ze-analog.

• I-NTSC isekelwe kumgca we-525, iindawo ezingama-60 / iifowuni ezingama-30 ngesibini, kwinkqubo ye-60Hz yokuhambisa nokubonisa imifanekiso yevidiyo. Le nkqubo yinkqubo ekhethiweyo apho isakhelo ngasinye sithathwa kwiinkalo ezimbini zemizila engama-262, ehlanganiselwe ukubonisa isakhelo sevidiyo kunye nemigca ye-525 yokukhangela. Amazwe asekelwe kwi-NTSC aquka ii-US, Canada, Mexico, ezinye iindawo zaseMbindi naseMzantsi Melika, eJapan, eTaiwan naseKorea.
• I-PAL eyona ifayili esetyenziswa kakhulu kunaphandle kwamazwe asekelwe kwi-NTSC ngokusasazwa kwithelevishini kunye nokuboniswa kwevidiyo, isekelwe kumgca we-625, iifama ezingama-50 / iifowuni yesibini, i-50HZ inkqubo. Isalathisi sihamba phakathi, njenge-NTSC kwimiba emibini, iqulethwe ngemigangatho engama-312 nganye. Iinkalo ezahlukileyo ze-PAL zibonakaliso ezibhekiselele kwi-NTSC ngenxa yemali eyongeziweyo yemida yokukhangela, kwaye ekubeni umbala wawuyingxenye yomgangatho ukususela ekuqaleni , ukulungeleka kombala phakathi kweziteshi kunye neTV kumnandi kakhulu. Amazwe asebenzisa inkqubo ye-PAL zibandakanya i-UK, iJamani, iSpain, iPortugal, iItali, iChina, i-Indiya, ininzi Afrika kunye neMbindi Mpuma.

• I-SECAM yinto "engafanelekanga" yemigangatho yevidiyo ye-analog. Njenga-PAL, ngumgca we-625, iifama ezingama-50 / iifowuni ezingama-25 nge-system interlaced system, kodwa inxalenye yombala iphunyezwe ngokwahlukileyo kunokuba i-PAL okanye i-NTSC. Amazwe asebenzise inkqubo ye-SECAM ibandakanya iFransi, iRashiya, i-Yurophu yaseMpuma kunye nezinye iindawo zoMbindi Mpuma.

Inombolo yemigca yokukhangela, okanye isisombululo esifanelekileyo , se-NTSC / PAL / SECAM, ihlala ihlala njalo ukuba zonke iikhompyutha zokurekhoda kunye nezixhobo zokubonisa zihambelana nemilinganiselo engentla. Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza kwimigca yokukhangela, inani lemachaphaza aboniswe kumgca ngamnye kwiskrini kuncedisa kwisimo esaziwa njengesisombululo esingapheliyo esingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kokubili ukurekhoda kwevidiyo / ukudlala idilesi ukurekhoda amachashaza kunye nokukwazi yekhompyutheni yevidiyo ukubonisa amachaphaza kwisikrini.

Ukusebenzisa i-NTSC njengomzekelo, kukho imigca engama-525 yokukhangela (isisombululo esifanelekileyo), kodwa imigqa engama-485 yokukhangela isetyenzisiweyo ukuqulethe iinkcukacha ezisisiseko kumfanekiso (imida ekhoyo ekhowudiweyo kunye nolunye ulwazi, njengengcaciso evuliwe kunye nolunye ulwazi lobuchwepheshe ). Iimvumi ezininzi ze-analog kunye neenxalenye ezingundoqo ze-AV zingabonakalisa imigangatho engama-450 yesigqibo esinqamlekileyo, kunye neentloko eziphezulu eziphezulu ezinokukwazi okungaphezulu.

Oku kulandelayo uluhlu lwemithombo yevidiyo ye-analog kunye neenkcukacha zabo zesisombululo esifanelekileyo. Ezinye iintlobo ezidweliswe zibangelwa uluhlu lwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yemveliso kunye nemodeli yemveliso esebenzisa ifomathi nganye.

• VHS / VHS-C - 220 ukuya kwi-240 imigca
• I-BETA - 250 imigca
• 8mm - 250 ukuya kwi-280 imigca
• I-SuperBETA - 270 ukuya kwi-280 imigca
• Ukusasazwa kwe-TV ye-Analog - imigca engama-330
• I-TV ye-Analog yeTable Cable - imigca engama-330
• Intambo yeDiskridi yeDiskridi - Ukufikelela kwimida engama-480 (engama-480i) ngokuphuma kwevidiyo ye-analog. 720x480 pixels (480i okanye 480p) nge- HDMI (digital).
• I-S-VHS / S-VHSC- 400 imigca
• I-DVD-R / -RW / + R / + RW - 250 ukuya ku-400+ imida (Kuxhomekeke kwimodi yokurekhoda kunye noxinzelelo olusetyenziswayo).
• I-Laserdisc - imizila engama-400 ukuya ku-425
• Imigca ye-Hi8 - 380 ukuya kwi-440
• I-Digital 8 - 400 ukuya kwii-500
• imizuzu ye-miniDV - 400 ukuya ku-520
• imigqa ye-microMV - 500
• I-ED BETA - 500 imigca
• I-DVD yorhweba - ii-480 imigca (aka 480i) nge-video ye-analog. 720x480 pixels (480i okanye 480p) nge-HDMI (digital).

Njengoko ubona, kukho impelahluko phakathi kwesisombululo sokuba ifomathi ezahlukeneyo zevidiyo zihambelana. I-VHS isezantsi ekupheleni, ngelixa i-MiniDV kunye neDVD (xa usebenzisa i-video ye-analog) imela iimpendulo eziphezulu zevidiyo ze-analog eziye zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, enye into ekufuneka iqwalaselwe yindlela isisombululo esichazwe ngayo kwiDivithali kunye ne-HDTV.

Njengokuba kwividiyo ye-analog kukho zombini inxalenye ecacileyo kunye engezantsi kwi-video yesigqibo sevidiyo. Nangona kunjalo, isisombululo esipheleleyo somfanekiso esiboniswe kwi-DTV ne-HDTV sithunyelwa ngokubhekiselele kwinani lamaphikseli kwisikrini ngaphandle kwemizila. I-pixel nganye iqulethwe nge-subpixel ebomvu, eluhlaza, kunye ne-blue.

Imigangatho yeZigqibo zeTV

Kwimilinganiselo ye- digital yedijithali yangoku, kukho iziqulatho ezipheleleyo zevidiyo eziyi-18 ezivunyiwe yi-FCC ukuze isetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokusasazwa kwe-TV ye-US (iphinda isetyenziswe kwiindlela ezininzi zekhebula / i-satellite). Ngethamsanqa, kumthengi, kukho ezintathu kuphela ezisetyenziswa ngabapapasho beTV, kodwa zonke i-HDTV tuner ziyahambelana nazo zonke iifom 18.

Iifom zokwenza izigqibo ezintathu ezisetyenziswe kwidijithali ne-HDTV zi:

• 480p - Emele ngamaphikseli angu-720 asebenzayo kwesikrini kunye nee-pixels ezingama-480 ezivela phezulu ukuya phezulu. Umqolo ngamnye weepekseli uboniswa ngokuqhubekayo. Inani elipheleleyo leepekseli eziboniswe kwisikrini ngu-345,600.
• 720p - Emele ngamaphikseli angama-1280 asebenzayo kwesikrini kunye nee-pixels eziyi-720 eziqhubekela phezulu ukuya phezulu. Umqolo ngamnye weepekseli uboniswa ngokuqhubekayo. Inani elipheleleyo leepekseli eziboniswe kwisikrini ngu-921,600.
• I-1080i - Imelwe ngamaphikseli angu-1,920 ehamba kwinqanaba kunye neeplayseli ezili-1,080 eziqhubekela phezulu ukuya phezulu. Umqolo ngamnye weepekseli uboniswa ngendlela ekhethiweyo (yonke imigca engabonakaliyo, elandelwa yimiqolo yonke). Inani elipheleleyo leepekseli eziboniswe kwisikrini ngu-2,073,600 (isiqingatha seepikseli eziboniswe ngexesha).

1080p

Nangona kungasetyenziswanga ekusasazeni kweTV (ukufika kweli nqanaba), ifomathi ye-Blu-ray ye-disk , ukusakaza kunye nezinye iinkonzo ze-cable / satellite ziyakwazi ukuhambisa umxholo kwi- 1080p resolution

I-1080p ibonisa iipekseli eziyi-1,920 ezihamba kwi-skrini, kunye neeplayseli eziyi-1,080 ezivela phezulu ukuya ngasezantsi, Umgca ngamnye wepixel ojikelezayo ubonisa ngokuthe gqolo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ii-pixels ezi-2,073,600 ziboniswa kwisenzo esinye. Oku kufana nendlela 720p iboniswa ngayo kodwa ngenani elongeziweyo leepekseli ngaphantsi nangaphantsi kwesikrini, kwaye nangona isisombululo sifana ne-1080i, akuzona zonke iipekseli eziboniswa ngexesha elifanayo .

HDTV vs EDTV

Nangona ungafaka umfanekiso wesisombululo esithile kwi-HDTV yakho, i-TV yakho ingenakho ukukwazi ukuvelisa zonke iinkcukacha. Kule meko, umqondiso uvame ukuhlaziywa (ukuchithwa) ukuhambelana nenani kunye nobukhulu beepikseli kwesikrini somzimba.

Ngokomzekelo, umfanekiso kunye nesisombululo se-pixels ka-1920x1080 sinokulinganiswa ukulingana ne-1366x768, i-1280x720, i-1024x768, i-852x480, okanye enye insimu yepiksile ekhoyo ngokusetyenziswa kweTV. Ukulahleka kweenkcukacha ezithe zafunyanwa ngumbukeli kuya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezifana nobukhulu bekrini kunye nokubukela umgama ukusuka kwisikrini.

Xa kuthengwa i-TV, akubalulekanga kuphela ukuba unako ukufaka i-480p, 720p, 1080i, okanye ezinye izigqibo ezinokubakho ukufikelela kuzo, kodwa kufuneka uqwalasele insimu yepikseli yeTV (kunye nokuba ukhuphaza / ukuhlaselwa phantsi isetyenziswe).

Ukuze ungene kwiinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, umabonakude oza kugqithisa i-HDTV isignali (njenge 720p, 1080i, okanye 1080p) kumzekelo we-pixel we-852x480 (480p) umzekelo, ubizwa ngokuba yi-EDTV kunye nee-HDTV. I-EDTV imele iNgcaciso yeNgcaciso yeThelevishini.

Isidingo soSombululo kwi-Real HD Image Display

Ukuba i-TV inokwenziwa kwesibonakaliso sokubonakalisa ubuncinane be-720p, iyafaneleka njenge-HDTV. Uninzi lwe-LCD kunye ne-Plasma TV ezisetyenzisiweyo, umzekelo, unesisombululo sokubonisa isibonakaliso se- 1080p (i-HD epheleleyo) . Ngoko, xa ubhekene ne-480i / p, 720p, okanye i-signal ye-1080i yokufaka, i-TV iya kukulinganisa umqondiso ukuya kwi-1080p ukuyibonisa kwisikrini.

Upscaling neDVD

Nangona i-DVD esemgangathweni ayiyiyo ifomathi ephezulu yokulungisa, abaninzi abadlali beDVD banakho ukuvelisa umboniso wevidiyo ngo-720p, 1080i, okanye kwi-1080p ngokusebenzisa upscaling . Oku kuvumela ividyo yevidiyo yeDVD ukuba ihambelane ngokuthe ngqo kunye nekhono le-HDTV, eneenkcukacha ezingaphezulu zengcaciso. Nangona kunjalo, gcinani engqondweni ukuba umphumo we-upscaling awufani nendawo yokuzalwa yase 720p, eyi-1080i, okanye isisombululo se-1080p, isingqinisiso semathematika.

I-video upscaling isebenza ngcono kwii-pixel ezibonisiweyo, ezifana ne-LCD okanye iisejista zePlasma, ukuphakanyiswa kwe-intscaling kungabangela imifanekiso enobungozi kwi-CRT-based based CRT-based projection sets.

Ngaphezulu kwe-1080p

Kuze kube ngo-2012 i-video ye-1080p isisombululo esiphezulu kakhulu esetyenziswayo kumaTV, kwaye isasazela umgangatho ophezulu kubo bonke ababukeli beTV. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nesidingo sobukhulu beskrini esikwixesha elide, i- 4K Resolution (3480 x 2160 pixels okanye 2160p) yaziswa ukuhambisa umfanekiso ococekileyo ngakumbi, ngokukodwa ngokubambisana nezinye ubuchwephesha, ezifana nokuphuculwa kwe-HDR kunye ne-WCG ). Kwakhona, njengokuba upscaling isetyenziswe ukunyusa iinkcukacha ezibonakalayo kwimithombo echanekileyo yokusombulula kwi-HDTVs, i-4K Ultra HD TV ingafumana imithombo yempawu ye-upscale ukuze ibonakale ilungile kwisikrini sayo.

Umxholo we-4K okwangoku ufumaneka kwi- Ultra HD ye-Blu-ray Disc kwaye ukhethe iinkonzo zokusakaza, njenge- Netflix , iVudu kunye ne-Amazon.

Ewe, njengokuba izigidi zabathengi zisetyenziselwa i-4K Ultra HD TV, i- 8K Resolution (7840 x 4320 pixels - 4320p) isendleleni.

Isixazululo vs Size yeSkrini

Enye into ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kukuba i-TV yedijithali kunye ne-HD yiphaneli ye-TV yile nombolo yamaphikseli kwisisombululo esithile sesiboniso asitshintshi njengoko usayizi weskrini uguquka. Ngamanye amazwi, iTV ye-32-intshi ye-1080p i-TV inenani elifanayo leepekseli kwisikrini njengesi-TV-55 intshi ye-1080p. Kukho rhoqo ii-pixels eziyi-1,920 ezihamba ngaphaya kwekrini kwinqanaba, umqolo ngamnye, kunye nee-pixels eziyi-1,080 zikhuphuka kwaye zisezantsi kwesikrini, ngekholamu nganye. Oku kuthetha ukuba iipekseli kwiTV ye-1080p 55-intshi yeTV iya kuba mkhulu kunamaphikseli kwi-TV intshi engu-32 intshi ye-1080p ukuze ugcwalise ubuso besikrini. Oku kuthetha ukuba njengoko usayizi weskrini utshintsho, inani leepekseli ngeenguqu zitshintshi.

Ngaphantsi

Ukuba usenokudideka kancinci malunga nesisombululo sevidiyo, awuyedwa. Khumbula, ukulungiswa kwevidiyo kungachazwa kumigca okanye iipekseli kunye nenani lemigca okanye iipekseli zenza isigqibo somthombo okanye iTV. Nangona kunjalo, ungafumani ngokubanjwa kuzo zonke iinombolo zokusombulula ividiyo. Khangela ngale ndlela, i-VHS ibonakala ibukhulu kwi-TV intshi ye-13 intshi, kodwa "i-crappy" kwisikrini esikhulu.

Ukongeza, isisombululo asiyena nto kuphela efaka isandla kumfanekiso omhle weTV. Iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo, ezifana nokuchaneka kombala kunye nendlela esiyibona ngayo umbala , umlinganiselo wokuphatheka, ukukhanya, ukukhanya kokubheka phezulu, nokuba umfanekiso uphendulela okanye uhamba phambili, kwaye nokuba ukukhanya kwelanga konke kubangele umgangatho wesithombe osibona kwesikrini.

Unokuba nomfanekiso ochanekileyo, kodwa ukuba ezinye izinto ezikhankanyweyo aziphunyekanga kakuhle, unayo iTV. Ngaphandle kobuchwephesha, njenge-upscaling, iiTV ezilungileyo kakhulu azikwazi ukwenza umthombo ongezantsi wokufakwayo ubonakale kakuhle. Enyanisweni, ukuhanjiswa kweTV kunye nemithombo yevidiyo ye-analog (kunye nesisombululo sabo esiphantsi) ngezinye iinkalo kubonakala kuninzi kwi-HDTV kunokuba yenzeke kwi-standard, standard, analog.