Kule khokelo, uza kufumana yonke into oyifunayo ukwazi nge-Linux "ngaphantsi" umyalelo.
Umyalelo "ongaphantsi" uthathwa njengenguqulo enamandla kakhulu "yomyalelo" osetyenziselwa ukubonisa ulwazi kwiphepha elilodwa lesigxina ngexesha.
Uninzi lweentshintsho zifana nezo ezisetyenziswayo ngomyalelo owodwa kodwa kukho ezinye ezininzi ezongezelelweyo ezikhoyo.
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngefayili enkulu yombhalo kungcono ukusebenzisa umyalelo ongaphantsi komhleli njengoko awuyikuyilayisha yonke into ememori.
Ilayisha iphepha ngalinye kwimemori iphepha ngexesha eliyenza iphumelele ngakumbi.
Indlela yokusebenzisa umyalelo omncinane
Ungajonga nayiphi na ifayile yombhalo usebenzisa umyalelo ongaphantsi nje ngokuthayipha oku kulandelayo kwifestile yesigxina :
Ngaphantsi
Ukuba kukho imigca emininzi kwifayile kwikhompyutheni enye ikholoni enye (:) iya kubonakala phantsi kwaye uza kuba neenketho ezininzi zokuqhubela phambili ngefayili.
Umyalelo omncinci ungasetyenziselwa umkhiqizo oqhutywe ngomnye umyalelo.
Umzekelo:
ps -ef | Ngaphantsi
Umyalelo ongentla ungabonisa uluhlu lweenkqubo eziqhutywe kwelinye ikhasi ngexesha.
Ungacinezela okanye ibha yendawo okanye iqhosha "f" ukuze uphume phambili.
Ukutshintsha Inani leeLini eziHlanyelweyo
Ngokungagqibekanga, umyalelo ongaphantsi uya kupheqa iphepha elilodwa ngexesha.
Unokutshintsha inani lemizila ejikelezwayo xa ucinezela isikhala kunye ne "f" ukhiye ngokucinezela inombolo ngokukhawuleza ukucofa iqhosha.
Umzekelo, faka "i-10" elandelwa yiyo okanye isikhala "f" senze ukuba isikrini siphephe ngeendlela ezili-10.
Ukwenza oku kungagqibekanga ungangena kwinombolo elandelwe yi "z".
Umzekelo, faka "10" uze ucinezele "z". Ngoku xa ucinezela isikhala okanye "f" ukhiye isikrini sihlale siphephe ngeendlela ezili-10.
Ukufakwa okungenangqamaniso kukukwazi ukucofa iqhosha lokuphepha ngokukhawuleza phambi kwebha yendawo. Impembelelo yale nto kukuqhubeka nokuphambuka nangona ufikelele ekupheleni komphumo.
Ukupheqa umgca omnye ngexesha ngexesha cinezela "ukhiye", "e" okanye "j". Ungatshintsha i-default ukuba iphephe inani elithile elikhankanywe ngokufaka inombolo phambi kweefaki ezicacisiweyo. Umzekelo, faka "5" elandelwe ngu "e" ikhiye yokwenza iskrini siqhube umgca we-5 imigqa rhoqo "ukubuya", "e" okanye "j" bacinezelwe. Ukuba utsho ngokukhawuleza ucinezela "J" umphumo ofanayo kuya kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba xa ushaya i-bottom of the output iya kuqhubeka ukukrola.
I-"d" ikhiye ikuvumela ukuba uphewule phantsi kwenani elikhankanyiweyo lemigca. Kwakhona ngokungena kwinani ngaphambi kokuba "d" litshintshe ukuziphatha okungekho phantsi ukuze iphephe inani lemizila oyicacisayo.
Ukupheqa kwakhona uluhlu ungasebenzisa ukhiye "b". Ngokungafani nomyalelo owongezelelweyo, oku kungasebenza kunye neefayile zombini kunye nemveliso yombhobho. Ukufaka inamba ngaphambi kokucofa iqhosha le "b" ekhupha phezulu kwinani elichaziweyo lemigca. Ukwenza ukhiye "b" unqakraze ngokusisigxina kwinani elikhankanyiweyo lemigca faka inombolo ofuna ukuyisebenzisa ilandelwe "key".
Ukhiye we "y" kunye "k" usebenza ngokufanayo kwi "b" kunye "w" izitshixo ngaphandle kokungagqibekanga akuyi kupheqa ifestile enye ngexesha kodwa umgca omnye ngexesha elide emva kwesikrini.
Ukuba unomgca ucinezela u "K" okanye "Y" umgca "umphumo" uya kuba yinto enye ngaphandle kokuba uthinte phezulu kwiphumo apho umqulu uya kuqhubeka ngaphaya kokuqala kwefayili.
I-key "u" iphinda iphephe isipele kwesikrini kodwa i-default ishafu yeskrini.
Unokwazi ukupheqa ngokuzenzekelayo usebenzisa izitshixo zokucima iincinci.
Iintolo ezitshilo zokunene zincinci yesikrini ukuya ngasekunene kwaye utolo lwekhohlo olusekhohlo luyingxenye yeskrini ngakwesobunxele. Unokwazi ukuqhubeka ujikeleza ngokugqithiseleyo ngaphaya kwexesha kodwa unokwakhela umgca wecala uze udibane ekuqaleni kwesiqhamo.
Phinda uphinde ubhale Isiphumo
Ukuba ukhangele iifayile yelog okanye nayiphi na ifayile eguqula rhoqo unokufuna ukuvuselela idatha.
Ungasebenzisa i-lowercase "r" ukulungiswa kwesikrini okanye "R" ukuze ulungise isikrini ukulahla nayiphina imveliso eqhutshiwe.
Ungacinezela iqhosha elithi "F" ukuqhubela phambili. Inzuzo yokusebenzisa i- "F" kukuba xa ekupheleni kwefayili ifumaneka iya kuqhubeka izama. Ukuba i-log ihlaziywa ngelixa usebenzisa umyalelo omncinci nawuphi na ukungena okuza kuboniswa.
Hambisa kwindawo ekhethekileyo kwiFayile
Ukuba ufuna ukubuyela emva kwenkqutyana yokushicilela encinci "g" kwaye uye ekugqibeleni ucinezela "G".
Ukuya kumgca othize faka inamba ngaphambi kokucofa iqhosha elithi "g" okanye "G".
Ungashenxisa kwisithuba esithile sepesenti ngokusebenzisa ifayile. Faka inombolo elandelwe ngundoqo "p" okanye "%". Unako ukufaka amanqaku asemaphesenti ngenxa yokuba sijamelane nayo, sonke simele sihambe kwindawo "36.6%" ngefayili.
Impawu zokumakisha kwiFayile
Ungasetha umakishi kwifayile usebenzisa "m" ikhiye elandelwa yileyiphi enye incwadi engaphantsi. Ungabuyela kumakishi ngokusebenzisa isicatshulwa esisodwa "'" esilandelwe yileta enye ephantsi.
Oku kuthetha ukuba ungacacisa inombolo yamanqaku ahlukeneyo ngokusebenzisa umphumo onokubuyela kuwo lula.
Ukukhangela Umzekelo
Unokukhangela itekisi ngaphakathi kwipropati usebenzisa i-key slash ehamba phambili elandelwa ngetekisi ofuna ukuyifumana okanye ukubonakalisa rhoqo.
Umzekelo / "umhlaba wehlabathi" uya kufumana "ihlabathi lonenelo".
Ukuba ufuna ukuphinda uphendule i fayile kufuneka ubeke umqhubi phambili umyalezo ngombuzo.
Ngokomzekelo? "Umhlaba we-hello" uza kufumana "ihlabathi loncedo" ngaphambili kwikhompyutheni.
Ukulayisha iFayile entsha kwi-Output
Ukuba uthe wagqiba ukukhangela i fayili ungalayisha ifayile entsha kumyalelo ongaphantsi ngokucinezela iqhosha lekholoni (:) elilandelwa yi "e" okanye "E" kunye nenkqubo eya kwifayile.
Umzekelo ": e myfile.txt".
Indlela yokuphuma ngaphantsi
Ukuphuma kumyalelo ophantsi cinezela iqhosha elithi "q" okanye "Q".
Iimpawu zoLwazi oluLuncedo
Ezi zilandelayo zitshintshi zokusebenza ziyakwenza okanye zingenakunceda kuwe:
- ngaphantsi -BN - I-N imele inani kwaye ilayishe inani elichaziweyo lama-kilobytes kwimemori. Ngokungagqibekanga, ixabiso li-64 kilobytes kodwa ungachaza nayiphi na inombolo oyifunayo. Ukuba ungena -1 kwaye iifayile ngokupheleleyo iya kulayishwa kwimemori enokuthi okanye ingabi yinto efanelekileyo ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu befayili.
- -B - Ngokungagqibekanga, umyalelo omncinci unikezela i-memory buffers ngokufunekayo xa usebenzisa imveliso yombhobho. Ungasebenzisa u--B ukutshintshela ukukhusela i-autobuffering.
- ngaphantsi -c okanye ngaphantsi -C - Ngokwenziwe i-screen is repaints by scrolling the screen. Ukucima iskrini ukusuka phezulu usebenzise i--c okanye -C ukutshintsha.
- -i-Ubangela ubuncinane ukuba uphume xa uhlasela ukuphela kwefayili okwesibini
- -EE - Ubangela ubuncinane ukuba uphume xa uhlasela ukuphela kwefayili okokuqala
- -i-Vula iifayile ezizodwa ezifana neeleksi usebenzisa ubuncinci
- -F - Ingxaki encinane ekuphumeni ukuba ifayile ingaphantsi kweeskrini ezixabisekileyo zedatha
- ngaphantsi - g - Yenza kuphela into ebalulekileyo ekufunyenweyo xa usesha
- -G - Ukunciphisa ukugqwesa ngokupheleleyo xa uphando
- ngaphantsi -hN - Cacisa inani eliphezulu lemigca umyalelo ongaphantsi ungaskrola
- ngaphantsi -i - Ignore ityala xa ucinga ngaphandle kokuba abalinganiswa abaqhelekileyo bafumaneka kwipatheni yokuphenya
- ngaphantsi -I - Ignore icala xa ucinga
- -NN - I-N imele inani. Oku kugqiba apho kukho kwisikrini umgca ubeka xa ufunwa. Ngokomzekelo, ukukhangela "umhlaba wehlabathi" uya kufaka umgca ofumaneka kwi "world hello" kuwo kumgca 1 ukuba ingaphantsi -j1 isetyenziswe.
- -J - Oku kubonisa i-asteriski encinane kwikholamu yekhohlo (ikholomu yesimo) ebonisa ukuba itekisi yombhalo oye uyifunayo ifumaneke.
- -m - Ibonisa inani lee-bytes ngokusebenzisa ifayile endaweni yekholoni ngaphantsi kwesikrini
- Ngaphantsi--Ubonisa iimanani zomgca we-output. Umzekelo "imigca 1-23"
- ngaphantsi -n - Ukunciphisa amanani omgca
- -N - Bonisa amanani omgca kumgca ngamnye
- ngaphantsi -o - Le nto isetyenziswe ngepopi kuphela. Ivelisa ngalinye iphepha lempompo ephuma kwifayili enye iphepha ngexesha. Ukuba ifayile ikhona iya kubuza ukuba ufuna ukuyibhala ngaphezulu.
- -O - Oku kufana ne -o ngaphandle kokuba ayiyi kubuza isiqinisekiso phambi kokushiya ifayile.
- -p - Le nto iqala ngaphantsi kokuqala kwenkqubo echazwe.
- ngaphantsi -P "itekisi" - Oku kufakela umyalezo kwisantsi kwesikrini kwisicatshulwa esicacisiwe
- -c - Oku kunqanda insimbi ingabikho xa ufikelela ekupheleni kwefayili. Ezinye izizathu zentsimbi yokukhawulela i-press engundoqo engavumelekanga.
- ngaphantsi - Q - Ukunciphisa zonke izandi
- -i-Le nto ikhupha imigca engabhalwa. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ifayile ine-4 elandelelanayo imida kwaye usebenzise umyalelo ophantsi-1 kuphela umgca ongafihli uya kuboniswa.
- -S - Oku kubangela ukuba imigqa emide ibe yinqununu ngaphandle kokuyifaka kumgca olandelayo
Kukho okungaphezulu komyalelo ongaphantsi kunokuba ungalindela. Ungafunda amaxwebhu apheleleyo ngokuthayipha "umntu ongaphantsi" kwi window yesigxina okanye ngokufunda eli phepha leencwadi ngenjongo encinane. A
Enye indlela eya ngaphantsi nangaphezulu ngumyalelo womsila obonisa imiqolo embalwa yokugqibela yefayili.