Umahluko phakathi kokutshatyalaliswa nokukhuselwa
Okokuqala, yintoni inkohlakalo?
Igama elithi "hacker" lithetha izinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo:
- Omnye olungileyo kakhulu kwiinkqubo zekhompyutheni, inethiwekhi, kunye neminye imisebenzi ephathelene nekhompyutha kwaye uyathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi lwabo nabanye abantu
- Umntu osebenzisa izakhono zobugcisa bekhompyutha kunye nolwazi ukuba afumane ukungena ngemvume okungagunyazisiweyo kwiinkqubo, iinkampani, oorhulumente, okanye amanethwekhi, ukwenzela ukuba kubangele iingxaki, ukulibaziseka, okanye ukungabikho kokufikelela.
Yintoni abantu abaninzi abayicinga ngayo xa beva igama & # 34; hacker & # 34;
Igama elithi "i-hacker" alenzi nto engcono kwiingcinga zabantu. Intsingiselo eyaziwayo ye-hacker ngumntu ophuka ngamabomu kwiinkqubo okanye amanethwekhi ukuba athenge ulwazi okanye angenise i-chaos kwinethiwekhi ngenjongo yokulawula. I-Hackers ayidla ngokubandakanya ukwenza izenzo ezilungileyo; Enyanisweni, igama elithi "hacker" lidla ngokufanayo "nolwaphulo-mthetho" kuluntu. Laba batyhi be-hat-hat okanye "abaqhi", abantu esibava ngayo kwiindaba ezidala ukukhutshwa kunye nokudonsa iinkqubo. Banobuqhetseba bangena kwiinkonzo ezikhuselekileyo kwaye baxhaphaze iziphoso zabo (kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ezinobungozi).
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabahlaseli
Nangona kunjalo, kwingingqi yoluntu, kukho ukungafani koluhlu lwamaqela okungaqhelekanga kuluntu jikelele. Kukho abahlaseli abaphulaphula kwiinkqubo ezingabonakaliyo, abanomdla obalaseleyo entliziyweni. Aba bantu bayi-hickers-hat-hat, okanye " abahleki bahle ." Abaculi be-hat-hat ilabo bantu abahlukana kwiinkqubo ukubonisa ukungaphumeleli okanye ukuqwalasela isizathu. Iinjongo zabo azikho nje ukuphazamiseka kodwa ukwenza inkonzo kawonkewonke.
Hacking njengenkonzo yenkonzo
Abaculi be-hat-white baziwa nangokuthi abahlaseli bokuziphatha; ngaba bahlaseli abasebenza ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwenkampani, ngolwazi olugcweleyo lwenkampani kunye nemvume, abayincinca kwiinkanethi zenkampani ukufumana iimpazamo baze banike ingxelo zabo kwinkampani. Abaninzi abaqhaqha bamhlophe baqeshwe yi-arhente zokhuseleko zekhompyutha, njenge-Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC). Njengoko kuchaziwe kwiziko labo, "iingcali ezingaphezulu kwe-1,000 ze-CSC zokhuseleko lwengcaciso, kubandakanywa nabangxowankulu bexesha elipheleleyo abangama-40," ukuxhasa abaxhasi baseYurophu, eMntla Melika, e-Australia, e-Afrika nase-Asia. Iinkonzo zibandakanya ukubonisana, izakhiwo kunye nokudibanisa, ukuvavanya nokuvavanya , ukuthunyelwa kunye nokusebenza, kunye noqeqesho.
Ukuthunyelwa kwabahlaseli bokuziphatha ukuvavanya ukuxhatshazwa kwamanethiwekhi ekhompyutheni yenye yeendlela ezininzi zeCSC ezinokukunceda abathengi ukuba bajongane neengongelo eziqhubekayo zokhuseleko. "Ezi ngcaphephe zokhuseleko lwe-cyber zijonga iimpazamo kwinkqubo kwaye zilungiswe phambi kokuba abantu ababi bangabaxhaphaza.
I-Bonus Hacking Tip: Abanye abantu basebenzisa i-intanethi ukubonakalisa iimeko zezopolitiko okanye ezentlalo zisebenzisa izinto ezithi ' hacktivism .'
Ukufumana umsebenzi njengomsiki
Nangona i-hackers ezimhlophe ezimhlophe zingabonakali ukuba zinjalo, iinkampani ezininzi ziyafuna abantu abanokuhlala phambi kwabantu abazimisele ukuzisa iinkqubo zabo phantsi. Ngokuqesha abaqhigi bamhlophe, iikhampani zinethuba lokulwa. Nangona le nkqubo ye-gurus yayiye yabonwa njengento engabonakaliyo kwiliso loluntu, abaninzi abahlaseli banomsebenzi obalulekileyo kwaye ophezulu kakhulu ohlawulayo kunye neenkampani, oorhulumente kunye neminye imibutho.
Kakade ke, akusikho konke ukuphulwa kokhuseleko kunqandwa, kodwa ukuba iinkampani ziqesha abantu abakwaziyo ukuzibona ngaphambi kokuba babe ngongqoqo, emva koko isiqingatha semfazwe sele siphumelele. Abadlali be-hackers abamhlophe banemivuzo yabo ngenxa yokuba abahlaseli be-hat-hat abayeke ukwenza oko benzayo. Ukuvuyisa kweenkqubo kunye nokukhupha amanethiwekhi kunonwabo kakhulu, kwaye ke, ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo akufani. Aba bantu banengqondo kakhulu abangenayo i-qualms yokuziphatha ngokufuna nokutshabalalisa izixhobo zecomputer. Uninzi iinkampani ezenza nantoni na iikhompyutheni ziyakwazi oku kwaye zithatha amanyathelo okukhusela afanelekileyo okukhusela ukukhupha, ukuvuza, okanye olunye ukhuseleko.
Imizekelo yabaduni abadumileyo
Black Hat
Angaziwa : Iqela elidibeneyo labaxhasi belizwe lonke, kunye neengongoma zokudibanisa kwiibhodi zee-intanethi zee-intanethi kunye neeforamu zokunxibelelana kwezentlalo. Ziyaziwa kakhulu ngeenzame zabo zokukhuthaza ukungathobeli komphakathi kunye / okanye ukungabikho kwemfesane ngokusebenzisa ukuchaswa nokuchaswa kweewebhusayithi ezahlukeneyo, ukukhanyela ukuhlaselwa kweenkonzo kunye nokupapashwa kwe-intanethi yolwazi lomntu.
UJonathan James : Unomdla wokungena kwi-Arhente yokuNcitshiswa koKhuselo kunye nokuba ikhowudi ye-software.
U-Adrian Lamo : Uyaziwa ngokungenelela amanethiwekhi amaninzi aphakamileyo aphezulu, kuquka i- Yahoo , i-New York Times kunye neMicrosoft ukuxhaphaza iimpazamo zokhuseleko.
UKevin Mitnick : Unyanzelekile ngenxa yecala lolwaphulo-mthetho lwezobugebengu emva kokuba iziphathimandla zikhutshwe ngokugqithiseleyo zixoshe iminyaka emibini nesiqingatha. Emva kokukhonza ixesha kwiintolongo zombuso ngenxa yezenzo zakhe, uMitnick wasungula isiseko sokukhusela i-cyber ukunceda amashishini kunye nemibutho bahlale bekhuselekileyo amanethiwekhi.
Iholide elimhlophe
UTim Berners-Lee : Eyaziwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngokuqulunqa iWebhu yeWebhu yehlabathi , i- HTML , kunye ne- URL inkqubo.
I-Vinton Cerf : Eyaziwa ngokuba ngu "ubawo we-Intanethi", iCref iye yaba negalelo elikhulu ekudaleni intanethi kunye neWebhu njengoko sisisebenzisa namhlanje.
UDan Kaminsky : Ingcali ehloniphekileyo ehlonishwayo yendima yakhe ekufumaneni i- Sony BMG yokukhusela i-rootkit scandal.
UKen Thompson : U-UN-co created UNIX, inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nolwimi lweC.
UDonald Knuth : Omnye wabantu abathintekayo kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha kunye nesayensi yekhompyutha.
I-Larry Wall : Umdali we-PERL, ulwimi olumgangatho ophezulu lwenkqubo olungasetyenziswa kwimisebenzi eyahlukileyo.
Hackers: akuyona inkinga emnyama okanye emhlophe
Ngelixa ezininzi zezinto ezixhaphakileyo esiza kuziva malunga neendaba ezivela kubantu abaneenjongo ezinobungozi, kukho abantu abaninzi abanetalente nabanikezelekileyo abasebenzisa izakhono zabo zokunqongophala ezilungileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda umahluko.