"I-Hacktivism" iyinto ekhethekileyo yokudibanisa amagama athi "ukukhwabanisa" kunye ne "activism" evelele njengoko abantu basebenzisa i-intanethi ukubonakalisa iimeko zezopolitiko okanye ezentlalo. Abantu abathile ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "i-SJW" okanye amaqhawe okusesikweni loluntu .
Kule nkoliso yamaninzi yabantu, abantu baye babonisa ngokuthe ngandlela-thile ngenye indlela okanye ngokunye ngokuchasene-okanye-into evakalelwa ngayo. Oku kungaquka ukukhethwa ngaphandle kweeofisi zeeHolo zeSixeko, ukubhala iileta kumhleli wephepha lendawo ukukhusela umgaqo-nkqubo ozayo, okanye ukulungiselela ukuhlala kwiyunivesithi.
Zonke ezi mbambano zinento efanayo: zindawo zendawo, kwaye zininzi, ukuba kungengabo bonke, abantu ababandakanyekayo kwisibhikiso esivela kuloo ndawo kwindawo.
Faka i- Intanethi . Ngenxa yokuba inokudibanisa abantu abavela kulo lonke elasehlabathini kungakhathaliseki ukuba yindawo yokuhlala, ukubonakalisa okanye ukuchasana nesizathu kuyahluka.
Hacktivism kunye ne-activism zihlobene; Nangona kunjalo, i-hacktivism iyahluke ekubeni yenziwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokwemigangatho. Hacktivists (abantu ababandakanyekayo kule mizamo) ngokuqhelekileyo ayilona emva kweenzuzo zemali; Kunoko, bajonge ukwenza isitatimende sohlobo oluthile. Injongo ephambili ye-hacktivism ihlaselela isizathu; Endaweni yokungathobeli kwabantu, kukuphazamiseka kwedijithali ngokusebenzisa i-intanethi njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokusekela isigidimi sabo kulo lonke ihlabathi.
Hacktivists basebenzisa izibonelelo ezitholakalayo kwi-intanethi, zombini zomthetho kunye nezo ziza kuthathwa ngokungemthetho, ekuphishekeleni imilayezo ebalulekileyo kubo; ngokubanzi malunga nezopolitiko kunye namalungelo abantu.
Kutheni I-Hacktivism Ixhaphake kangaka?
Inqaku elibhaliweyo laseGeorgetown ngokunyuka kwe-hacktivism lathi ngoSeptemba 2015 malunga nokuba kutheni i-hacktivism iye yaziwa kakhulu:
"I-Hacktivism, kuquka i-hacktivism exhaswa yi-state okanye eqhutywe ngurhulumente, kuya kuba yindlela eqhelekileyo yokuvakalisa ukuchasana nokuthatha inyathelo ngqo ngokuchasene nabachasi. Inika indlela elula kwaye engabizi ukwenza inkcazo kwaye ibenzakalise ingozi ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa ngokungathintekiyo phantsi komthetho wecala okanye impendulo phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Ukukhwabanisa kunika abadlali abangekho baseburhulumenteni ithuba elihle lokubhikisha kwezitalato kunye nabadlali belizwe abafaka indawo ekhangayo yokuhlasela. Akuyiyo nje indlela eyaziwayo yokusebenza, kodwa isisitye samandla kazwelonke esinobunzima bamazwe ngamazwe kunye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. "
I-Hacktivists ingaqokelela ngaphantsi kwebhendi yezizathu ezijikeleze ihlabathi ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokuhamba naphi na, okubili kokunika amandla umntu kunye neqela lezenzo kunye nemigudu yokuphazamiseka kwedijithali.
Ngenxa yokuba ukufikelela kwiWebhu kunendleko ezincinci, abaxhasi bafumana kwaye basebenzise izixhobo ezikhululekile kwaye zifundela lula ukuze zifeze imisebenzi yazo. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokuba yonke le migudu ijoliswe kwi-intanethi, kunomngcipheko ophantsi kubantu abathintekayo ngokomzimba kunye nangokwemthethweni kuba amaninzi kula maphulo e-hacktivism awasukelwanga yi-arhente yokunyanzeliswa komthetho ngaphandle kokuba enze uhlobo oluthile lokulimala ngokomzimba okanye ngokwezemali.
Ziziphi iinjongo eziqhelekileyo ze-Hacktivists?
Ngenxa yokuba izixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa ngabasebenzi be-hacktivist zifumaneka kwi-Intanethi, nantoni na nabani na onokuzibona bejolise ukuba bajolise kuyo. Nangona iinjongo ze-hacktivism ngokuqinisekileyo zizisa ulwazi oluthe ngqo kumbandela othile, iiprogram ezininzi ze-hacktivist zihamba ngaphezu koko, kubangela ukuphazamiseka kuncinci kunye nokucaphukisa, ngezenzo ezininzi eziphelisa ukuphazamiseka kwenkonzo, ukulahleka kwedumela, okanye ukuxhatshazwa kwedatha.
"Isixhobo sifikeleleka ngakumbi, iteknoloji iyona yinkimbinkimbi," utshilo uChenxi Wang, umongameli wongamele ukhuseleko kwi-Forrester Research. "Yonke into ekhompyutheni - ubomi bakho, ubomi bam - obangela ukuba kube nzima kakhulu." - I-Hacktivism: Kuphi i-Next to Hackers neCause
Ihlabathi lixhumeke kwi-intanethi, ngoko ke iinjongo ze-hacktivism yi-legion. I-Hacktivists iye yajolisa oorhulumente bamazwe, iintlangano ezinkulu, kunye nabaholi bezopolitiko abavelele. Baye balandela amaziko karhulumente karhulumente, kuquka namasebe amapolisa nezibhedlele. Amaxesha amaninzi ama-hacktivist aphumelele kakhulu xa belandela le mibutho emincinci kuphela ngenxa yokuba bengenakulungele ukuzikhusela ngokuzikhusela ngokuchasene nezimbambuluzo ze-digital.
Ngaba i-Hacktivism Ilungile okanye Imbi?
Impendulo elula yinto inokubonakala ibhetele okanye imbi, kuxhomekeke kwicala elingase lifike kuyo.
Ngokomzekelo, kukho iziganeko ezininzi zeehacktivists ezisebenza kunye ukukhuthaza amathuba okuthetha ngentetho, ingakumbi kumazwe anomgaqo-nkqubo olawulayo onqanda ukufikelela kwiinkcukacha.
Uninzi lwabantu luyakubona oku njengomzekelo we-hacktivism enhle.
Abantu abaninzi banokudibanisa i-hacktivism nge-cyberterrorism. Ezi zimbini zifana nokuba zibini ziqhutywe kwi-intanethi, kodwa ke apho ukufana kufuma. I-Cyberterrorism ijolise ekubangela ubungozi obukhulu (njengokwenyuka komzimba kunye / okanye ukulimala kwemali). Hacktivism ihlose ukuphakamisa ulwazi malunga nomba othile.
Uninzi lwe-hacktivism luya kuthathwa ngokungekho mthethweni phantsi kweminye imimiselo yasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, nangona kunjalo, kuba umonakalo owenziwe kwimisebenzi enkulu ye-hacktivist ithathwa njengento encinci, ambalwa kula maxesha ayenziwa ngokutshutshiswa. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yobume behlabathi be-hacktivism kunye nobuso obungachazwanga ubuso babantu ababandakanyekayo, kunzima ukulandelela ukuba ngubani owenene.
Abanye bangatsho ukuthi i-hacktivism iwela phantsi kwebhanki yeentetho ze-mahala kwaye kufuneka ikhuselwe ngokufanelekileyo; abanye baza kuthi ukuwa kwezinto ezichasene nale mizamo inxamnye nentetho yamahhala kwenzakaliso yenkampani kunye nabantu ngabanye.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zeHaltivtivism?
Njengoko i-intanethi iyaqhubeka iguqukela, kuya kuba nobuninzi beehacktivists abanokuyisebenzisa ngokunjalo ukuze baqhubeke nezizathu zabo. Ezinye zeendlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwi-hacktivism ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
I-Doxing : I-Doxing, efutshane ukuba "amaxwebhu", okanye "docs" ibhekisele kwinkqubo yokufumana, ukwabelana kunye nokuvakalisa ulwazi oluthile lwabantu abathile kwiWebhsayithi kwi-website, kwiforum, nakwezinye indawo ezifikeleleke kuzo.
Oku kungabandakanya amagama asemthethweni apheleleyo, iadesi, iadesi zomsebenzi, inombolo yefowuni, iilesi zee-imeyile, ulwazi lwezezimali kunye nokunye okuninzi. Funda kabanzi malunga ne-doxing.
I-DDoS : Ifutshane kwi-"Distributed Denial of Service", le ngenye yeentlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-hacktivism ngenxa yokuba iphumelela kakhulu. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS kukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezininzi zekhompyutha ukwenzela ukutshintshela inani elikhulu lezithuthi kwiziko lewebhu okanye kwisixhobo esixhunyiwe kwi-intanethi, kunye nenjongo yokugqibela ukwenza ukuba lewebhu okanye idivaysi ihambe ngokupheleleyo. Hacktivists baye basebenzisa le mbambano ngokuphumelelayo ukudiliza iiwebhsayithi zebhanki, izitolo ze-intanethi, iiwebhusayithi, njl.
Ulwaphulo lweDatha: Mhlawumbi sonke siyazi kakuhle kule ngongoma kunye nembono yokuba utywala. Ezi ziphulo-nkcukacha ziphazamisa ulwazi oluchanekileyo kwaye lusetyenzise le datha ukwenza ubuqhetseba, isicelo semali-mboleko kunye namakhadi esikwereti, ukubhalisa ii-akhawunti ezikhohlakeleyo, kunye nokutshintshela imali ngokungemthetho, ukweba ipropati yolwazi, ukuhlasela ukuhlaselwa kwe-phishing, nokunye okuninzi. Funda kabanzi malunga nokugcina ulwazi lwakho olukhuselekileyo kwi-intanethi .
Ukutshatyalaliswa / ukuxotywa kwee-Properties Properties : Le ngenye yezinto ezithandwa kakhulu ze-hacktivism, ukuphamba kwikhowudi kwimpendulo ekupheleni kwewebhusayithi ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nefuthe elenzelwe ukuba liphazamise umyalezo wewebhusayithi ngendlela ethile. Oku kungaquka ngokucacileyo ngokupheleleyo i-website ngokwayo, ukuphazamisa ukusebenza ukuze abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukufikelela, kunye / okanye ukuthumela umyalezo we-hacktivist.
Oku kusebenza nakwi-Hacking kwiimpawu ze- media media . Hacktivists bafumana ukufikelela kwiithagethi zabo ze-social media kunye nolwazi lweposi oluxhasa imiyalezo yabo.
Ngenxa yokuba ezininzi iinkampani zinemihlaba eyahlukeneyo yeepropati ze-intanethi, amathuba afanelekileyo avulekileyo kubadlali beehacktivists. Iithagethi zeendaba zoluntu ziquka i- Facebook , i- Google + , i- Twitter , i- Pinterest , i- LinkedIn kunye ne- YouTube . Izakhiwo ze-intanethi ezijongene noluntu ezifana newebhusayithi, intranet yeenkampani kunye nezakhiwo ze-imeyili zikwajoliswe kuzo. Iinkonzo zolwazi zoluntu ezifana ne- ISPs , iinkonzo zongxamiseko, kunye neenkonzo zefoni nazo zisengozini kubaxhasi bafuna ukubeka uphawu lwabo.
Ziziphi ezinye zeMifanekiso zeHacktivism?
Ukunyuka kwe-hacktivism kuya kuqhubeka ngokukodwa njengoko izixhobo ezinokwenza ukuphazanyiswa okukhulu kwedijithali kufumaneke lula. Nayi imizekelo embalwa ye-hacktivism:
- Ngo-2016, abahlaseli baqalile i- cyberattack ngokubhekiselele kwiziko lewebhu laseMichigan eliphambili lokuqwalasela ingxaki ye-Flint yamanzi. NgoMeyi, bajolise kwiiwebhusayithi ze-North Carolina zorhulumente ukukhusela umthetho welizwe ophikisanayo ofuna ukuba abantu base-transgender basebenzise amagumbi okuhlambela afana nesondo kwisatifikethi sabo sokuzalwa. Kwaye ngoJulayi, bathatha injongo kwisixeko saseBaton rouge emva kokubulawa kwamapolisa okubulala umntu omnyama. - I-PBS.org, i-Hacktivists Iqalisa ii-Cyberattacks kwi-Local Government Governments
- Idatha yomuntu siqu yabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-1.3 eMontona yaphulwa kwaye yaboniswa ngabagculi ngeSebe likaRhulumente lezeMpilo kunye neenkonzo zeNkonzo zoLuntu.
- Iikhompyutha zekhompyutha zamapolisa eFerguson, eMissouri zahlaselwa ngokutsha ngabadlali be-hacktivists bebona ukuba ngubani ochaphazelekayo kwi-action action policing.
- Iindlebe zokubandakanyeka kwamanye amazwe ukhetho lukaMongameli lwase-United States alubandakanyi nje ukubandakanyeka koluntu lwangaphandle, kodwa imibutho ye-hacktivist nganye iyafuna ukwenza ingxelo yezopolitiko ecacileyo. Oku kubandakanya i- WikiLeaks cache yeKomiti yeSizwe yeDemocratic Democratic (DNC) i-imeyile ngabantu abangabonakaliyo.
- Abaninzi bama-hacktivists basebenza ngabanye ngokubhikisana nento abayibona njengobulungisa, kodwa kwabanye, ukubambisana kunye nentlangano kubonakala kunengqiqo yokubanika ezinye izibonelelo. Omnye wemibutho eyaziwa kakhulu ye-hacktivist yintanethi ebizwa ngokuba yi-Anonymous, iqela eliye lathintela uxanduva lwabaninzi be-hacktivist engathandabuzekiyo kwiminyaka edlulileyo.
Indlela yokulinda kwiHacktivism
Nangona kuya kuba soloko kusenokungabikho amandla abaqhawulayo abanokwazi ukuwaxhaphaza, kulungile ukuthabatha. Ezi zilandelayo iziphakamiso ezinokukunceda uhlale ukhuselekile kwizinto ezingafunekiyo ezivela kumthombo ongaphandle:
- Sebenzisa ukukhuselwa kwintsholongwane ehloniphekileyo kunye nenkqubo yokubona
- Gcina i-akhawunti yakho ebhekiswe kwi-intanethi kwi-intanethi - oku kuquka i-imeyile, iiwebhusayithi, imidiya yoluntu, iiwebhusayithi zokudlulisa iifayile,
- Qaphela ukuba akukho nto yolwazi lwakho oluchanekileyo lufumaneka kwi-intanethi (jonga indlela ohlala ngayo ukhuselekileyo kwi-Internet ukuze uthole ulwazi olungakumbi)
- Hlaziya iinkqubo zakho kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela rhoqo ukuze uqaphele ezinobungozi
Akukho ndlela ekhuselekileyo yokukhusela umntu okanye intlangano ezimisele ukwenza umsebenzi we-hacktivist, kodwa kuqiqile ukulungiselela kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze kube necebo elikhuselekileyo elikhuselayo.