I-intanethi yintsebenziswano enkulu yamanethiwekhi ekhomputha equka izigidi zeekhompyutha. Iikhomputha zeeDeskrini, iifowuni, ii-smartphones, iipilisi, iiyunithi ze-GPS, ii-console zeevidiyo kunye namadivaysi onke axhuma kwi-intanethi. Akukho nhlangano enye inayo okanye ilawula intanethi.
IWebhu yeWebhu yehlabathi, okanye i-web efutshane, yindawo apho umxholo wedijithali unikwa kubasebenzisi be-intanethi. Iwebhu iqulathe umxholo ogqithiseleyo kwi-intanethi kwaye-kakhulu ininzi-umxholo oqalayo abasebenzisi be-intanethi babonayo.
Kuba ngumqali ozama ukwenza ingqiqo kwi-intanethi kunye neWebhu yeWebhu yehlabathi, ukuqonda imigaqo eqingqiweyo kuya kuba luncedo.
01 ngo-20
Isiphequluli
Abaqalayo nabasebenzisi be-intanethi abaphezulu bafikelela kwiwebhu ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe yesiphequluli sewebhu , efakiwe kwiikhomputha kunye namadivayisi eselula ngexesha lokuthenga. Ezinye iiphequluli zingalayishwa kwi-intanethi.
Isikhangeli siyinkokhelo yesofthiwe yamahhala okanye i-app yeselula evumela ukuba ubukele iphepha lewebhu, imifanekiso kunye kunye nomxholo we-intanethi. Iiphequluli ezidumileyo kwiwebhu ziquka i-Chrome, Firefox, i- Internet Explorer , kunye ne-Safari, kodwa baninzi abanye.
Isofthiwe yesiphequluli senzelwe ukuguqula ikhowudi ye-HTML kunye ne-XML kwikhompyutha efundwa ngabantu.
Abaphequluli babonisa amaphepha ewebhu. Iphepha ngalinye lewebhu lidilesi ekhethekileyo ebizwa nge-URL.
02 we-20
Iphepha lewebhu
Ikhasi lewebhu yilokho ubona kwisiphequluli sakho xa usebenzisa intanethi. Cinga ngephepha lewebhu njengephepha kumaphephancwadi. Unokubona itekisi, iifoto, imifanekiso, imifanekiso, izixhumanisi, iintengiso kunye nokunye nakweliphi iphepha olijonga ngayo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, nqakraza okanye uphephe kwindawo ethile yephepha lewebhu ukukhulisa ulwazi okanye uhambe kwiphepha lewebhu elihambelanayo. Ukuqakraza kwikhonkco-isicatshulwa sombhalo obonakala ngombala ohlukileyo kuwo wonke umbhalo-sikuhambisa kwiwebhsayithi ehlukileyo. Ukuba ufuna ukubuyela emva, usebenzisa iintolo ezinikezelwe ngaloo njongo malunga nayo yonke i-browser.
Amaninzi amaphepha ewebhu kwimixholo enxulumene yenza iwebhusayithi.
03 we-20
URL
Indawo e-Uniform Resource -URLs- zikhangeli zewebhu kwii-intanethi kunye neifayile. Nge-URL, unokufumana kwaye wenze uphawu lweempawu ezithile kunye neefayili kwisiphequluli sakho sewebhu. Ii-URL zifumaneka kwiindawo ezizungezile. Zingabhalwa phantsi kwekhadi leshishini, kwiimboniselo zeTV ngexesha lekhefu zorhwebo, ezixhunywe kumaphepha owafunde kwi-intanethi okanye zihanjiswe ngenye yeenjini zee-intanethi. Ifomathi ye-URL ifana nale:
- http://www.examplewebsite.com/mypage
esoloko ifutshane apha:
- www.examplewebsite.com/mypage
Ngamanye amaxesha zide kwaye ziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa zonke zilandela imithetho eyaziwayo yokubiza ii-URL.
Ii-URL zineengxenye ezintathu ukujongana nephepha okanye ifayile:
- Iprotocol iyinxalenye ephela ku-//: Amaninzi amanqaku ewebhu asebenzisa i-http okanye i-https yomgaqo-nkqubo, kodwa kukho ezinye iiprotoksi.
- Umncedisi okanye i-domain-level level, ehlala iphela kwi .com, .net, .edu okanye .org kodwa inokuphela kwesinye sezinye ezininzi eziye zaziwa ngokusemthethweni.
- Igama lefayile okanye igama lephepha ngokwalo.
04 wama-20
HTTP kunye neHTTPS
I-HTTP isingqamlezo se "Iprotocol yokuTshintshiselwa kwe-Hypertext," umgangatho wokunxibelelana kwedatha wamaphepha ewebhu. Xa iphepha lewebhu linalesi siqalo, izixhumanisi, itekisi kunye nemifanekiso kufuneka isebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwisiphequluli sakho sewebhu.
I-HTTPS isichaza esithi "Iprotocol yokuTshintshiselwa kwe-Transfer Protocol." Oku kubonisa ukuba iphepha lewebhu linomqolo okhethekileyo wokubhaliweyo odibeneyo ukufihla ulwazi lwakho lomntu kunye namaphasiwedi kwabanye. Nanini na xa ungena kwi-akhawunti yakho yasebhanki yakho kwi-intanethi okanye kwindawo yokuthenga oyifaka kuyo ulwazi lwekhadi lesikweletu, khangela "https" kwi-URL yokhuseleko.
05 we-20
HTML kunye neXML
Ulwimi lweMarpetext Markup yilwimi yolwimi lweewebhu. I-HTML iyalela umkhangeli wakho wewebhu ukuba ubonise umbhalo kunye nemifanekiso ngendlela ethile. Abasebenzisi bokuqala be-intanethi akufuneki ukuba bafunde i-HTML yokubhala idilesi ukufumana uvuyo lwewebhu kwiilwimi ezilungiselelwe kwii-browser.
I-XML nguLwimi lwe-Markup eXtensible, umzala kwi HTML. I-XML igxile kwi-cataloging kunye neenkcukacha ezibhalwe kwiphepha lewebhu.
I-XHTML inxulumene ne-HTML kunye ne-XML.
06 we-20
Idilesi ye IP
Ikhompyutheni yakho nayo yonke ifowuni edibanisa kwi-intanethi isebenzisa idilesi ye-Intanethi ye-intanethi ukuchonga. Kwiimeko ezininzi, idilesi ze-IP zinikezelwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Abaqalayo abaqhelekanga badinga ukunika idilesi ye-IP. Idilesi ye-IP inokujonga into efana nale:
- 202.3.104.55
okanye njengaye
- 21DA: D3: 0: 2F3B: 2AA: FF: FE28: 9C5A
Yonke ikhompyutha, iselfowuni kunye nesiselula esisifumana kwi-intanethi sinikwe idilesi ye-IP ngenjongo yokulandelela. Ingaba idilesi ye-IP egcinwe ngokusisigxina, okanye idilesi ye-IP ingatshintshwa ngezinye iinkqubo, kodwa ihlala iyisimboli esikhethekileyo.
Naluphi na uphephazayo, nanini na ukuthumela i-imeyile okanye umyalezo osisigxina, kwaye nanini na ukukhuphela ifayile, idilesi yakho ye-IP isebenza njengelingana neelayisensi yeelayisenisi yemoto ukunyanzelisa ukuphendula nokulandelelana.
07 we-20
ISP
Ufuna umboneleli weNkonzo ye-intanethi ukuze uye kwi-intanethi. Ungafikelela kwi- ISP yamahhala esikolweni, ithala leencwadi okanye umsebenzi, okanye unakho ukuhlawula i-ISP yangasese ekhaya. I-ISP yinkampani okanye intlangano karhulumente ekuxhuma kwi-intanethi enkulu.
I-ISP inikezela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo: ukufikelela kwekhasi lewebhu, i-imeyile, ukubamba iphepha lewebhu kunye nokunye. Uninzi lwe-ISP lunikela ngee-intanethi ezahlukeneyo zokuxhumeka kwe-intlawulo yenyanga. Unokukhetha ukuhlawula ngaphezulu kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi ngokukhawuleza ukuba uthanda ukusakaza ama-movie okanye ukhethe iphakheji engabizi xa usebenzisa i-intanethi ngokubanzi ukukhangela ukukhanya kunye ne-imeyile.
08 wama-20
Router
I-router okanye umbane we-router-modem yile divaysi ye-hardware eyenziwa njengepolisi yendlela yokuthungatha iifayile zomnatha efika kwikhaya lakho okanye ishishini kwi-ISP yakho. I-router ingafowunelwa okanye i-wireless okanye zombini.
I-router yakho inika ukukhusela kubaskoma kwaye iqondisa okuqukethwe kwikhompyuthile ethile, idivaysi, isiskrini sokusakaza okanye umshicileli omele uyifumane.
Ngokuqhelekileyo i-ISP yakho inika i- router yenethiwekhi ithetha kwi-intanethi yeenkonzo. Xa yenza, i-router iqwalaselwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa i-router eyahlukeneyo, unokufuna ukufaka ulwazi kuyo.
09 we-20
Imeyili
I-imeyile i- imeyile yeposi . Ukuthumela nokufumana imilayezo echwepthiweyo ukusuka kwisikrini esinye kwesinye. I-imeyile idla ngokusetyenziswa nge-webmail yenkonzo-i-Gmail okanye i-Yahoo Mail, umzekelo, okanye ipakethe efakwe kwisofthiwe efana ne-Microsoft Outlook okanye i-Apple Mail.
Abaqalayo baqala ngokudala idilesi enye ye-imeyili abayinika yona intsapho kunye nabahlobo. Nangona kunjalo, awukhawulelwanga kwidilesi enye okanye nge-imeyile inkonzo. Ungakhetha ukongeza amanye amakheli e-imeyile kwiintengiso ze-intanethi, iinjongo zoshishino okanye intanethi.
10 kwi-20
I-imeyile yogaxekile kunye neeFayile
Ugaxekile ligama le-jargon ye-imeyile engafunekiyo kwaye engafunekiyo. I-imeyile yogaxekile ivela kwiindidi ezibini eziphambili: ukukhangisa okuphezulu, okuvuthayo, kunye nabagxeki bazama ukukukhanga ekuchazeni iphasiwedi yakho, eyingozi.
Ukuhlunga kukukhuseleka okuthandwayo kodwa kungafezekanga kugaxekile. Ukuhlunga kukhiwe kumakhasimende amaninzi e-imeyile. Ukucoca kusetyenziswa isofthiwe efunda i-imeyile yakho engenayo yokudibanisa igama elingundoqo kwaye emva koko isuse okanye i-quarantines imilayezo ebonakala ngathi igaxekile. Khangela i-spam okanye ifolda engenafayili kwiibhokisi lakho leposi ukuze ubone i-imeyile yakho ekhethiweyo okanye ekhethiweyo.
Ukuzikhusela kubaxhasi abafuna ulwazi lwakho lomntu, krokra. Ibhanki yakho ayiyi kuthumela i-imeyili kwaye icele iphasiwedi yakho. Umntu waseNigeria akafuni ngokwenene inombolo yakho yebhanki yebhanki. I-Amazon ayikunikezeli isitifiketi sesipho sesi-$ 50 samahhala. Nantoni na into evakalayo kakhulu ukuba yinyaniso mhlawumbi ayinyani. Ukuba awuqinisekanga, unqakraza nayiphi na ikhonkco kwi-imeyile kwaye uqhagamshelane nomthumeli (ibhanki yakho okanye ubani) ngokuhlukileyo ukuqinisekiswa.
11 kwama-20
Imidiya yokuncokola
Ijelo loluntu lixesha elibanzi kuyo nayiphi na ithuluzi le-intanethi elenza abasebenzisi bakwazi ukusebenzisana namanye amawaka abanye abasebenzisi. I-Facebook kunye ne-Twitter ziphakathi kwezikhulu ezinxibelelwano zonxibelelwano zezentlalo. I-LinkedIn yintsebenziswano yezentlalo nezengcali. Ezinye iindawo ezithandwayo ziquka i-YouTube, Google+, Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat, Tumblr, kunye ne-Reddit.
Amanqaku eendaba ezentlalo anika iakhawunti yamahhala kuwo wonke umntu. Xa ukhetha abo banomdla, cela abahlobo bakho kunye nosapho abo bangabakho. Ngaloo ndlela unako ukujoyina iqela apho ulazi khona abantu.
Njengazo zonke izinto ezinxulumene ne-intanethi, khusela ulwazi lwakho lomntu xa ubhalisela iisayithi. Abaninzi babo banikela kwicandelo labucala apho ungakhetha khona ukubonakalisa kwabanye abasebenzisi besayithi.
12 kwi-20
E-Commerce
I-yorhwebo yoshishino lwezobugcisa-ukuthengiselana kweentengiso zentengiso kunye nokuthenga intanethi. Nsuku zonke, iibhiliyoni zeedola zokutshintshana ngezandla kwi-Intanethi kunye neWebhu yehlabathi.
Ukuthengwa kwe-intanethi kuye kwaqhutyelwa ekuthandeni nabasebenzisi be-intanethi, kwingozi yokuthengisa izitena kunye nezitye. Wonke umthengisi owaziwayo unobumba obubonisa kwaye lithengisa iimveliso zalo. Ukuzibandakanya kuzo ziindawo ezincinci ezithengisa iimveliso kunye neendawo ezinkulu ezithengisayo malunga nayo yonke into.
I-intengiso ye-E-commerce isebenze ngenxa yokuba ubumfihlo bubungqina buya kuqinisekiswa ngephepha lewebhu le-HTTPS elikhuselekileyo elithembele ngolwazi lomntu kunye nokuba amabhizinisi athembekileyo anika intengiso kwi-intanethi njengendlela yokuthengisana kwaye yenza inkqubo ilula kwaye iphephile.
Xa uthengisa kwi-intanethi, ucelwa ukuba ufake ikhadi lekhredithi, ulwazi lwe-PayPal okanye olunye ulwazi lokuhlawula.
13 wama-20
Ukubhaliweyo nokuQinisekisa
Ukubhalwa kwe-crypting is a scrambling of data ukuze ifihliwe kwi-eavesdroppers. Ukubhala ngeefayile kusetyenziswa iifomula eziyinkimbinkimbi ukujika idatha yangasese ibe yi-gobbledygook engenangqiqo yokuba abafundi ababethembayo kuphela abanokungazithobeli.
Ukubhaliweyo kuyisiseko sendlela esisebenzisa ngayo i-intanethi njengepayipi ukuqhuba ishishini elithembekileyo, njengebhanki ye-intanethi kunye nokuthengwa kwekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala le-intanethi. Xa ukubethelwa okuthembekileyo kusekho, ulwazi lwakho lwebhanki kunye namanani ekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala ligcinwa ngasese.
Ukuqinisekiswa kuhambelana ngqo nokubethela. Ukuqinisekiswa yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ukuba iinkqubo zekhompyutheni ziqinisekise ukuba nguwe otshoyo ukuba ungubani.
14 we-20
Ukukhuphela
Ukukhuphela lixesha elibanzi elichaza ukutshintshela into oyifumana kwi-intanethi okanye kwiWebhu yeWebhsayithi kwikhompyutheni yakho nakwezinye iifowuni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukulanda kudibaniswa neengoma, umculo kunye neefayili zesofthiwe. Umzekelo, unokufuna uku:
- Landa iringithoni entsha yomculo kwifowuni yakho
- Khuphela ikopi yesilingo ye-Microsoft Office.
Ikhudlwana ifayili oyikopishayo, ixesha elide lokukhuphela lithatha ukudlulisela kwikhompyutha yakho. Ezinye ukulandwa zithatha imizuzwana; amanye athatha amaminithi okanye ngaphezulu ngokuxhomekeke kwisantya sakho se- intanethi .
Iimwebhsayithi ezinikezela izinto ezinokukhutshelwa ziqhelekileyo ziphawulwe ngokucacileyo ngeqhosha lokukhuphela (okanye into efanayo).
15 kwi-20
Ukhomyutha yamafu
I-computing yamafu yaqala njengegama ukuchaza isofthiwe esetyenziswe kwi-intanethi kwaye ibolekelwe, endaweni yokuthengwa nokufakwa kwikhompyutha yakho. I-imeyile esekelwe kwiWebhu ngumzekelo omnye weekhompyutha. I-imeyili yomsebenzisi igcinwe kwaye ifinyelelwe kwifu le-intanethi.
Ifu yinguqulelo yanamhlanje yee-1970 eziphambili ze-computing model. Njengengxenye yefayile yekhompyutha, isofthiwe njengenkonzo iyimodeli yoshishino eyenza ukuba abantu bangathanda ukuqasha isofthiwe kunokuba bayisebenzise. Ngeebrawuza zabo zewebhu, abasebenzisi bafikelela efini kwi-intanethi baze bangene kwiikopi zabo eziqeshwe kwi-intanethi yesofthiwe esekelwe kwi-sound sound.
Ukwandisa, iinkonzo zinikezela ukugcinwa kwefayili yeefayili ukulungiselela ukufikelela kwiifayile zakho kwiinkcukacha ezingaphezulu kweyodwa. Kunokwenzeka ukugcina iifayile, iifoto kunye nemifanekiso efwini uze uzifinyelele kwi-laptop, kwifowuni, ithebulethi okanye esinye isixhobo. I-Cloud computing yenza ubambiswano phakathi kwabantu kwiifayile ezifanayo kwifu elikhoyo.
16 kwama-20
Firewall
I-Firewall iyigama eliqhelekileyo ukuchaza umqobo onxamnye nokubhujiswa. Kwimeko yekhompyutha, i-firewall iqukethe isofthiwe okanye i-hardware ekhusela ikhompyutha yakho kubagculi kunye neentsholongwane.
I-computing fire range ukusuka kwiphakheji ye-software ye-antivirus encinci kwiinkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nezindleko ze-hardware. Ezinye izitshixo zomlilo zikhululekile . Iikhomputha ezininzi ezininzi ezinokwakheka umlilo. Zonke iindidi ezininzi zeekhompyutha zikhupha uhlobo oluthile lokukhusela abagculeli abonakalisa okanye bathatha ikhompyutha yakho.
Njengabantu bonke, abaqalayo kwi-intanethi kufuneka basebenzise i- firewall ukuze basebenzise ngokubakho ukukhusela iikhomputha zabo kwii-virus kunye ne-malware.
17 kwama-20
Malware
I-Malware yinkcazelo ebanzi ukuchaza nayiphi iprogram enobungozi eyenzelwe ngabaculi. I-Malware iquka ii-virus, i-trojans, i-keyloggers, iiprogram ze-zombie kunye nayiphi enye isofthiwe efuna ukwenza enye yezinto ezine:
- Vandalize ikhomputha yakho ngandlela-thile
- Bamba ulwazi lwakho lwabucala
- Thatha ukulawula okude kwikhompyutha yakho (zombie ikhompyutha yakho) kwezinye iiphelo
- Ukunyanzela ukuthenga into ethile
Iiprogram ze-Malware zixesha zeebhomu kunye nabangendawo abangaboniyo. Zikhusele nge-firewall nolwazi malunga nokuthintela le nkqubo ukufikelela kwikhompyutha yakho
18 we-20
ITrojan
I-trojan yinto ekhethekileyo yohlobo lwe-hacker oluxhomekeka kumsebenzisi ukuba lwamkele kwaye lusebenze. Ebizwa emva kwegama elidumileyo le-horse horse, inkqubo ye-trojan ifaka njengefayile esemthethweni okanye inkqubo yesofthiwe.
Ngamanye amaxesha iifayile zefestile ezingabonakaliyo okanye i-installer eyenza ukuba yi-software ye-anti-hacker. Amandla ekuhlaselweni kwe-trojan evela kubasebenzisi ngokukhuphela nokukhuphela iifayile ze trojan.
Zikhusele ngokungayilandi iifayile ezithunyelwe kuwe kwi-imeyile okanye ozibonayo kumawebhusayithi angaqhelekanga.
19 wama-20
UkuPhatha
Ukukhwabanisa kukusetyenziswa kwee-imeyile ezikhangelekayo kunye namakhasi ewebhu ukukopela ekufakeni iinombolo zeakhawunti yakho kunye neephasiwedi / iipinise. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngesimo se-PayPal isilumkiso semilayezo okanye izikrini zokungena kwibhanki ezikhohlisayo, ukuhlaselwa kobuqhetseba kunokukholisa kunoma ubani ongaqeqeshelwanga ukuba abukele iimpawu ezifihlakeleyo. Njengomthetho, abaqalayo ngabasebenzisi-basebenzisi kunye nabasebenzisi bexesha elide-bafanele bangathembeli naluphi na umnxibelelwano we-imeyile othi "kufuneka ungene ngemvume kwaye uqinisekise le nto."
20 kwi-20
Blogs
Ibhulogi ikholomu yomloli we-intanethi. Abalobi be-Amateur kunye nezobuchwephesha bayashicilela iiblogi kwiintlobo zonke zesihloko: umdlalo wabo wokuzonwabisa kwi-paintball kunye ne-tennis, izimvo zabo kwiinkonzo zempilo, zabo izimvo kwiindawo ezidumileyo, imifanekiso yeeblogs yemifanekiso oyiintandokazi okanye iingcebiso ze-tech ekusebenziseni iMicrosoft Office. Ngokuqinisekileyo nabani na onokuqala iblogi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo iiBlogs zilungiswe ngokulandelelana kwexesha kunye neendlela ezingaphantsi kwewebhu. Abaninzi babo bayamkela kwaye baphendule kumagqabaza. Iiblogi ziyahlukahluka kumgangatho ukususela kumatshini ukuya kwizakhono. Ezinye iiblogi ze-savvy zifumana imali engenayo ngokuthengisa iintengiso kumaphepha abo eblogi.