Iintlobo ze-VPNs, iProtokholi, kunye nokunye
Ubugcisa beekhnoloji zobuninzi bobucala busekelwe kwingcamango yokunxibelelana. I-VPN yokunxibelelana ibandakanya ukuseka nokugcina uxhulumaniso oluxhomekeke kumnatha (olunokuthi luqulethe i-hops intermediate hops). Kule nxu lumano, iipakethi ezakhiwe kwifomathi ethile yeProtocol yeprotocol zifakwe ngaphakathi kwezinye iisiseko okanye umgaqo-protocol, zithunyelwa phakathi komxhasi weVPN kunye nomncedisi, kwaye ekugqibeleni zifakwe kwi-side reception.
Kwii-VPN ezisekelwe kwi-intanethi, iipakethi kwenye yeenkqubo ezininzi ze- VPN zifakwe kwiipakethi ze- intanethi (IP) . Iiprotokholi ze-VPN nazo zixhasa ukuqinisekiswa kunye ne-encryption ukuze kugcinwe imigudu.
Iintlobo zeVPN Tunneling
I-VPN isekela iintlobo ezimbini zokunxibelelana ngokuzithandela kunye nokunyanzeliswa. Zombini iintlobo zokunxibelelana zivame ukusetyenziswa.
Kwi-tunneling yokuzithandela, umthengi we-VPN ulawula ukusekwa koxhumo. Umthengi kuqala wenza uxhumano kumnikezeli wenethiwekhi yomthengisi (i-ISP kwimeko ye-intanethi ye-intanethi). Emva koko, isicelo se client VPN sidala umgca kwisiphakeli seVPN phezu kwesi sixhobo esibukhoma.
Kwimeko yokunyanzela, umniki-ntengiso wenethiwekhi ulawula ukusekwa kwe-VPN. Xa umthengi kuqala wenza uxhumano oluqhelekileyo kumphathi, umphathiswa ngokukhawuleza uthengisa uxhulumaniso lweVPN phakathi kwalo mthengi kunye ne-server yeVPN. Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga umxhasi, ukuxhamla kwe-VPN kusekwe kwinqanaba elinye nje xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ezibini ezifunekayo kwiingxowa zokuzithandela.
I-VPN yokunyanzela i-VPN iqinisekisa abaxhasi kwaye idibanisa kunye neeseva ezithile ze-VPN usebenzisa i-logic eyakhelwe kwisixhobo somthengisi. Ngamanye amaxesha isistim somnxeba sibizwa ngokuba yiVPN Front End Processor (FEP), iNethiwekhi yokuThola iNethiwekhi (iNAS) okanye iPoint of Presence Server (POS). Ukuqhagamshela okuphosakeleyo kukufihla iinkcukacha ze-VPN iseva kwiinkonzo zabaxhasi beVPN kwaye ngokugqithiseleyo idlulisela ukulawulwa kolawulo phezu kwee-tunnels ezivela kubaxhasi ukuya kwi-ISP. Ngenzuzo, ababoneleli ngeenkonzo kufuneka bathathe umthwalo owongezelelweyo wokufaka nokugcina amaFEP amadivaysi.
Protocols zeVPN
Iiprotokholi ezininzi zeekhomputha zeekhompyutheni ziye zaphunyezwa ngokukhethekileyo ekusebenziseni ngee-tunnels zeVPN. Iinkqubo ezintathu ezithandwayo ze-VPN ezidweliswe ngezantsi ziqhubeka zikhuphisana kunye nokwamkelwa kwishishini. Ezi protocol zivumi ngokungahambisani.
IProtokholi yokuThuthukisa iNdawo yokuThumela (Point-to-Point Protocol) (PPTP)
Iinkampani ezininzi zasebenza kunye ukudala iinkcukacha zePPTP . Abantu ngokubanzi badibanisa i-PPTP kunye ne-Microsoft kuba phantse zonke i-flavour ze-Windows ziquka ukuxhaswa kwabaklayenti abakhiwe kulo mgaqo-nkqubo. Ukukhishwa kokuqala kwe-PPTP ye-Windows yi-Microsoft iqulethe iimpawu zokukhusela ezinye iingcali ezithi zibuthathaka kakhulu ekusebenziseni. UMicrosoft uyaqhubeka nokuphucula inkxaso yePPTP, nangona kunjalo.
Iprogram yeMibini yeTunneling Protocol (L2TP)
Umncintiswano wangaphambili kwi-PPTP ye-VPN yokunxibelelana yayinguL2F, umgaqo-nkqubo ophunyezwa ngokuyinhloko kwiikhiqizo zeCisco. Kwimizamo yokuphucula i-L2F, izinto eziphambili kunye ne-PPTP zadibaniswa ukudala umgangatho omtsha obizwa ngokuba ngu-L2TP. NjengoPPTP, i-L2TP ikhona kwiqhagamshelo loqhagamshelwano lwedatha (Itafile ezimbini) kwi-OSI model - ngoko ke imvelaphi yegama layo.
I-Internet Protocol Security (IPsec)
I-IPs ngokwenene iqoqo leenkqubo ezihambelanayo ezininzi. Ingasetyenziselwa njengesisombululo esipheleleyo seprotocol ye- VPN okanye nje ngocwangciso lokubhaliweyo ngaphakathi kweL2TP okanye i-PPTP. I-IP isekho kumqolo wechungechunge (Uluhlu lwesithathu) lwe-OSI model.