Amakhulu ama protocol ahlukeneyo enethwekhi ayenzelwe ukuxhasa uxhulumano phakathi kweekhomputha kunye nezinye iindidi zeekhompyutha. Izikhokelo ezibizwa ngokuba yiendlela zokuhamba ngeendlela zenza ukuba iikhompyutha zixubane kunye kunye nokugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo izithuthi phakathi kwamanethiwekhi abo. Iiprotokthi ezichazwe apha ngezantsi ziyakwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi obalulekileyo wee routers kunye nokunxibelelana kwikhompyutha.
Indlela Iiprotokthi zokuSebenza zisebenza njani
Yonke imisebenzi yenethiwekhi yenkqubo yenza imisebenzi emithathu eyintloko:
- ukufumanisa - qaphela ezinye iir routers kwinethiwekhi
- Ukulawulwa kwendlela - gcina ingoma yazo zonke iindawo ezikhoyo (kwimilayezo yomnatha) kunye nedatha ethile ichaza indlela nganye
- indlela yokuzimisela - yenza izigqibo ezinamandla malunga nokuba uthumele umyalezo ngamnye womnatha
Iiprotokholi ezimbalwa zeendlela zokubizwa (ezibizwa ngokuba yiinkqubo zoxhumo lwe-link ) zinika i-router ukwakha nokulandelela imephu epheleleyo yazo zonke izixhumanisi zenethiwekhi kummandla ngelixa ezinye (ezibizwa ngokuba ngumgaqo-protocol wamanqanaba) zivumela ii-routers ukuba zisebenze ngolwazi oluncinane malunga nommandla wenethiwekhi.
01 ngo 05
LALA KAKUHLE
Abaphandi bavelise iProtokholi yoLwazi lweRouting kwi-1980s ukuze kusetyenziswe amanxibelelwano angaphantsi okanye aphakathi ngaphakathi axhumeke kwi-intanethi. I-RIP inokukwazi ukuhambisa imiyalezo kwiinqununu ukuya kwii- hops ezili-15.
I-routers ezinikwe amandla zifumana uthungelwano ngokuthumela kuqala umyalezo ocela iifowuni zombane ukusuka kumadivayisi angummelwane. Iimoto ezihambahambayo ziqhuba i-RIP iphendula ngokuthumela iitafile ezihamba ngokupheleleyo kumceli, apho umceli elandela i-algorithm ukudibanisa zonke ezi zibuyekezo kwitafile yayo. Ngexesha elihleliweyo, ii-RIP zihamba ngokukhawuleza zithumele iiferensi zabo ezibhekiselele kubamelwane babo ukuze kukho nayiphi na inguqu ingashunyayelwa kuyo yonxibelelwano.
I-RIP yendabuko ixhaswa kuphela ngamanethiwekhi e-IPv4 kodwa i-RIPng standard inokuxhasa i- IPv6 . I-RIP isebenzisa ii- UDP ii-520 okanye 521 (RIPng) zokunxibelelana kwayo.
02 we 05
OSPF
Vula indlela emfutshane kakhulu Yokuqala eyadalwa ukunqoba ezinye zeemeko zayo zeRIP kubandakanywa
- umda wokubala we-hop
- ukungakwazi ukuhlela amanethiwekhi kwi-hierarchy yokuhamba, kubalulekile ukuphathwa kunye nokusebenza kumanethiwekhi amaninzi angaphakathi
- iimpiksi ezibalulekileyo zendlela yokuthutha eyenziwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuthumela amatafula e-router epheleleyo kwixesha elihleliweyo.
Njengoko igama libonisa, i-OSPF ngumgangatho ovulekileyo woluntu owamkela ngokubanzi ekuthengisweni kwabathengisi abaninzi. I-routers ezinikezelweyo ze-OSPF zifumana inethiwekhi ngokuthumela imiyalezo yokuchonga omnye komnye ilandelwa yimilayezo ethatha izinto ezithile zokuhamba ngaphandle kwetafile yonke yokuhamba. Yiyo kuphela yendlela yokuxhaswa komgaqo-nkqubo woluntu oludweliswe kule candelo.
03 we 05
EIGRP ne-IGRP
I-Cisco iququzelele iProtokholi yokuRouting Protocol njengenye enye indlela eya kwi-RIP. I- IGRP entsha yokuphucula i-IGRP (i-EIGRP) yenza i-IGRP ingapheliyo kuma-1990. I-EIGRP isekela ii- subnets ze-IP ezincinci kwaye zithuthukisa ukusebenza kweendlela zokulungiswa kwemilinganiselo ngokuthelekiswa ne-IGRP eyadala. Ayincedisi iindawo zokuhamba, njengeRIP. Ekuqaleni wadalwa njengeprotocol yecala ekhunjulwayo kuphela kumadivayisi asekhaya eCisco. I-EIGRP yenzelwe iinjongo zokucwangcisa lula kunye nokusebenza okungcono kune-OSPF.
04 we 05
KUYE
ISistim ephakathi ukuya kwiNkqubo eSebenzayo yeProtocol esebenza ngokufanayo ne-OSPF. Ngelixa i-OSPF yaba yinto ekhethiweyo ngokubanzi, i-IS-IS ihlala isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngababoneleli benkonzo abaye bazuza kwiprotocol ekwazi ukulungeleka lula kwiindawo zabo ezizodwa. Ngokungafani nezinye iiprojekti kule nkalo, i-IS-IS ayisebenzisi iProtokholi ye-intanethi (i-IP) kwaye isebenzisa icebo layo lokuthetha.
05 we 05
BGP kunye ne-EGP
Iprotocol ye-Border Gateway yi-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Outdoor Protocol (EGP). I-BGP iyakuqwalasela ukuguqulwa kwitheyibhile yokuhambisa kwaye ikhetha ezo zitshintshi kwezinye iirhuter phezu kweTCP / IP .
Ababoneleli nge-intanethi basebenzisa i-BGP ukujoyina amanethiwekhi abo kunye. Ukongezelela, amaxesha amashishini amakhulu asebenzisa i-BGP ukudibanisa kunye amaninzi amanxibelelwano angaphakathi. Iingcali zijonga i-BGP yinkolomngeni yazo zonke iiprotokthi zokuhamba ngokuziqonda ngenxa yobunzima bayo.