Yintoni ukuhlola i-port? Kufana nesela ehamba nommandla wakho kwaye ukhangele yonke indlu kunye nefestile kwindlu nganye ukuze ubone ukuba ziphi na ezivulekile kwaye ziphi zivaliwe.
I-TCP ( iProtoke Control Control Protocol ) kunye ne- UDP (iProducagram ye-User Datagram Protocol) ezimbini zezivumelwano ezenza i-suite yeprotocol yeTCP / IP esetyenziswa kwihlabathi jikelele ukuthetha kwi-intanethi. Ngalunye lwazo unamaposho 0 ukuya ku-65535 atholakala ngoko kubaluleke ukuba kukho iingcango ezingaphezu kwama-65,000 ukuvala.
Iipulaya zokuqala eziyi-1024 zeTCP zibizwa ngokuba yiiPorts eziQhelelekileyo kwaye zidibaniswe neenkonzo eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-FTP, i-HTTP, i- SMTP okanye i- DNS . Ezinye zeedilesi ezingaphezu kwe-1023 nazo zisebenza ngokunxulumene neenkonzo, kodwa uninzi lwamachweba aluhambelananga nayiphi na inkonzo kwaye iyafumaneka kwinkqubo okanye kwisicelo esisebenzisayo ukunxibelelana.
Indlela yokuSkena kwePort
Isofthiwe yokuskena iPort, kwisimo sayo esisisiseko, sithumela isicelo sokuxhuma kwikompyutha ekujoliswe kuyo kwi-port ngayinye kunye nokwenza i-note apho izibuko ziphendule okanye zibonakala zivulekile ukuba zihlolisise ngokubanzi.
Ukuba ukukhishwa kwefowuni kwenziwa ngeenjongo ezinobungozi, umgcini ngokuqhelekileyo ukhetha ukuhamba angagqithwanga. Izicelo zokukhuseleka kwenethiwekhi ziyakulungiswa ukuba ziqaphele abalawuli ukuba zifumene izicelo zokuxhuma kwiindawo ezininzi zokungena kwiichweba ezivela kumntu oyedwa. Ukuze ujikeleze lo mdlali angenza i-port scan kwi-strobe okanye kwimodi yokuziphatha. Ukuqhaqhaqhaqha umda kumanxweme ukuya kwisigxina esilunxwemeni kunokuba kuhlaziywe ngeembotyi zonke izibuko ezingama-65536. Ukutshekisha kwe-Stealth isebenzisa iindlela ezifana nokunciphisa ukuskena. Ngokuskena amachweba kwixesha elide ixesha elide uyanciphisa ithuba lokuba ithagethi iya kubangela uqaphiso.
Ngokubeka iiflegi zeTCP ezahlukeneyo okanye ukuthumela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepakethe ze-TCP ukukhishwa kwefowuni kunokudala iziphumo ezahlukeneyo okanye ukufumana izibuko ezivulekileyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. I-scan ye-SYN iya kuxela i- port scanner apho izibuko ziphulaphule kwaye azixhomekeke kwindlela yokuphendula eyenziwe. I-scan ye-FIN izakuphendula impendulo evela kwizibuko ezivaliweyo-kodwa izibuko ezivulekileyo kunye nokuphulaphulisa aziyi kuthumela impendulo, ngoko ke i-scanner ye-port izakukwazi ukubona ukuba yiziphi izibuko ezivuliwe kwaye ezingekho.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza iifowuni zangempela kunye nezicwangciso zokufihla umthombo wenyaniso we-scan scan. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nabanye balaba ngokuvakatyela ezi ndawo: iiSpring Scan okanye iiNkqubo zoNxibelelwano ezichazwe.
Indlela yokubeka iliso kwi-Port Scans
Kunokwenzeka ukubeka iliso inethiwekhi yakho yokuhlola iziko. Ubuqhetseba, njengokuba kukho ezininzi izinto zokukhusela ulwazi , kukufumana ukulinganisela okulungileyo phakathi kokusebenza kwenethiwekhi kunye nokukhuselwa kwenethiwekhi. Unokubeka iliso kwi-SYN izicwangciso ngokungena naluphi na umzamo wokuthumela ipakethe ye-SYN kwi-port engenayo okanye evulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba uqaphele rhoqo xa kunokwenzeka umzamo omnye-kwaye mhlawumbi uvuswa phakathi kobusuku ngenxa yephutha elingenasiphoso-kufuneka wenze isigqibo malunga nemibundu ukuze uvuselele. Ngokomzekelo, usenokuthi ukuba kukho iipakethe ezili-10 ze-SYN ezizama ukufikelela kwiichwepheli ezingezophulaphulwa kwiminithi enikeziweyo ukuba isilumkiso sifanele siphuhliswe. Unokuyila iifayile kunye nezicupho ukufumana iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokujonga i-port-ukubukela i-spike kumaPETethi okugqibela okanye nje inani elingaxhamliyo lokuxhamla kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeechwep kunye / okanye iadesi ze -IP kumthombo omnye we-IP.
Ukukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba inethwekhi yakho ikhuselwe kwaye ikhuselekile unokuba unqwenela ukwenza iifowuni zakho. I-caveat eninzi apha kukuqinisekisa ukuba uvumelekile kuwo onke amagunya angaphambi kokuba uqalise kule projekthi ukuze ungazitholi kwicala elingalunganga lomthetho. Ukufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo kungcono kakhulu ukwenza i-port ukuskena kwindawo ekude usebenzisa izixhobo ezingekho nkampani kunye ne- ISP eyahlukileyo . Ukusebenzisa isofthiwe efana ne-NMap ungaskena idilesi ye IP kunye neechwethi kwaye ufumane ukuba ngubani ohlaselayo eza kusibona ukuba beza kuhlola i-intanethi yakho. I-NMap, ngokukodwa, ikuvumela ukuba ulawule phantse yonke imimandla yokutshekisha kwaye wenze iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokujonga izixhobo ukuze ulungele iimfuno zakho.
Emva kokuba ufumene ukuba iziphi izibuko ziphendula njengoko zivuliwe ngokuhlola i-port yakho intanethi ungaqala ukusebenza ekunqumeni ukuba ngaba ngokwenene kuyimfuneko ukuba ezo zibuko zifikeleleke ngaphandle kwentanethi yakho. Ukuba ayimfuneko kufuneka uvale phantsi okanye ubavimbele. Ukuba ziyimfuneko, ungaqala ukuphanda ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zokungakhuselekanga nokuxhaphaza inethwekhi yakho evulekileyo ukuba zikwazi ukufikelela ezi zichwephesha kwaye zisebenzise ukusebenzisa iifayile ezifanelekileyo okanye ukunciphisa ukukhusela umnatha wakho kunokwenzeka.