Iikhomputha zekhompyutha ze-TCP / IP zisebenzisa zombini iidilesi ze - IP kunye nee- MAC idilesi yezixhobo zomxhasi ezixhunyiwe. Ngoxa idilesi ye-IP iyatshintsha ngexesha, idilesi ye-MAC ye-adapter yomnatha igcina ifana.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi onokufuna ukwazi idilesi ye-MAC yekhomputha edeleyo, kwaye kulula ukwenza ngokusebenzisa umbane wendlela yomyalelo , njenge- Prom Prompt kwi-Windows.
Isixhobo esisodwa sinokufumana iinkalo ezininzi zokunxibelelana kunye nee-adware ze-MAC. Ikhomputha yekhomputha ye- Ethernet , i- Wi-Fi kunye ne- Bluetooth , umzekelo, inamakheli amabini okanye ngamanye ama-aditha e-MAC adibene nayo, enye yefowuni yomzimba ngamnye.
Kutheni ubonakalise idilesi ye-MAC?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokulandelela idilesi ye-MAC yesetyenzisi senethiwekhi:
- Ukusetha ukucoca idilesi ye-MAC kwi-router ukukhawulela ukufikelela kwenethiwekhi kwendawo kuphela kwezo zixhobo iidilesi ezifanisa uludwe lwezinto eziphambili
- Ukuchonga umenzi wefowuni (isiqingatha sokuqala sedilesi) kunye nenombolo yecala (isiqingatha sesibini sedilesi), njengesevisi yewaranti
- Ukucwangcisa (spoof) ubunjani befowuni eyahlukileyo. I-MAC ejongene nokupaka i-spoofing ingasetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni ukubhalisa isistim sokungena kwesevisi yomnxeba nge-intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, inokuba neenjongo ezinobungozi, njengokunqoba i-MAC yefayile yokucoca idilesi ukwenzela ukuba ungene kwinethiwekhi
Imida ye-MAC I-Lookups Idilesi
Ngelishwa, ngokuqhelekileyo akunakwenzeka ukujonga i-MAC iilesi kumadivayisi ngaphandle kokufikelela komntu. Ngokuqhelekileyo akunakwenzeka ukucacisa idilesi ye-MAC yekhompyutheni kwidilesi ye-IP yedwa kuba ezi dilesi ezimbini zivela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo.
Ukucwangciswa kwekhompyutha yekhompyutha kwakha idilesi yayo ye-MAC ngelixa ukucwangciswa kwenethwekhi kuxhunyiwe ukuzimisela idilesi yayo ye-IP.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iikhomputha zixhunyiwe kwi-network efanayo ye-TCP / IP, unokumisela idilesi ye-MAC ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji ebizwa ngokuba yi- ARP (I-Address Resolution Protocol) , equka ne-TCP / IP.
Ukusebenzisa i-ARP, i-interface ye-intanethi yendawo nganye ilandelela idilesi ye-IP kunye nekheli le-MAC kwisixhobo ngasinye esandul 'ukuthetha ngaso. Uninzi lweekhompyutheni likuvumela ukuba ubone olu luhlu lweedilesi eziqokelelwe yi-ARP.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-ARP ukufumana idilesi ye-MAC
Kwi-Windows, Linux, nakwezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza , umgca welayini yomyalelo "arp" ibonisa ulwazi lweedatha ye-MAC egcinwe kwi-cache ye-ARP. Nangona kunjalo, isebenza kuphela kwiqela elincinci lekhompyutha kwi- network area (LAN) , kungekho kwi-intanethi.
Qaphela: Kukho indlela eyahlukileyo ekusetyenzisweni ukufumana i-MAC idilesi yekhompyutheni oyisebenzisayo ngoku , equka ukusebenzisa ipconfig / yonke imilayezo (kwi-Windows).
I-ARP ijoliswe ukuba isetyenziswe ngabalawuli benkqubo kwaye akuyona indlela ebalulekileyo yokulandelela iikhomputha kunye nabantu kwi-intanethi.
Nangona kunjalo, ngezantsi umzekelo omnye wokufumana idilesi ye-MAC ngedilesi ye-IP. Okokuqala, qalisa ngokukhangela ifowuni ofuna iMAC ukujongana nayo:
192.168.86.45Umyalelo we- ping useka uxhulumaniso kunye nesinye isixhobo kwinethiwekhi kwaye kufuneka sibonise umphumo onje:
Pinging 192.168.86.45 nge 32 bytes yedatha: Phendula ku-192.168.86.45: bytes = 32 ixesha = 290m TTL = 128 Phendula ukusuka ku-192.168.86.45: bytes = 32 ixesha = 3ms TTL = 128 Phendula ukusuka ku-192.168.86.45: bytes = 32 ixesha = 176ms TTL = 128 Phendula ku-192.168.86.45: bytes = 32 ixesha = 3ms TTL = 128Sebenzisa umyalelo we-arp olandelayo ukufumana uluhlu olubonisa idilesi ye-MAC yelo fowuni oye wayibhala ngayo:
i-arp -aIziphumo zinokuba zibukeka into enje, kodwa mhlawumbi ngezinye izinto ezininzi:
Isiqhagamshelwano: 192.168.86.38 --- 0x3 Idilesi ye-Intanethi Idilesi yePhysical Type Type 192.168.86.1 70-3a-cb-14-11-7a idlulileyo 192.168.86.45 98-90-96-B9-9D-61 idlulileyo 192.168.86.255 ff- ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static 224.0.0.251 01-00-5e-00-00-fb staticFumana idilesi ye-IP kwipluhlu; Idilesi ye-MAC iboniswa ngokuthe ngqo kuyo. Kulo mzekelo, idilesi ye-IP yi-192.168.86.45 kwaye idilesi yayo ye-MAC i-98-90-96-B9-9D-61 (ibhalwe apha ngokugqamile apha ukuze igxininiswe).