Ukuqwalasela nayiphi na inethiwekhi yomnatha, ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu kwiinkonzo ezingenazintambo ze-Wi-Fi . Hackers kalula banqanda inethiwekhi engenazintambo inethiwekhi phezu ukuvula emoyeni ukuxhuma futhi akhiphe ulwazi njengamaphasiwedi nezinombolo zekhadi lesikweletu. Ubuchwepheshe obuninzi be- network -Wi-Fi buphuhlisiwe ukuze balwe nabaculi, ngokuqinisekileyo, nangona ezinye zezobuchwepheshe zinganqotshwa lula.
I-Data Encryption Data
Iiprotokholi zokhuseleko lweNethiwekhi zivame ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubhala. I-encryption igxotha idatha ethunyelwe phezu kwenxibelelwano yenethiwekhi ukufihla ulwazi kubantu ngelixa ivumela iikhomputha ukuba zichaze kakuhle imilayezo. Zininzi iintlobo zobuchwephesha bekholeji zikhoyo kwishishini.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwenethiwekhi
Ubuchwephesha bokuqinisekiswa kwinqanethi yekhompyutheni buqinisekisa ubungqina bezixhobo nabantu. Iinkqubo zokusebenza zenethiwekhi njengeMicrosoft Windows kunye ne-Apple OS-X ziquka ukuxhaswa kwe-authentication ukwakheka ngokusekelwe kumagama abasebenzisi kunye namaphasiwedi. Iirejista zenethiwekhi zasekhaya ziqinisekisa kwakhona abalawuli ngokuzifuna ukuba zifake iziqinisekiso zokungena ngemvume ezihlukeneyo.
Ukhuseleko lweNxibelelwano lweNethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi
Ukunxibelelana kwenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi yomhlaba kudlula i-router okanye enye indawo yokufikelela engenazintambo. Ngaphandle koko, i-Wi-Fi isekela imo ebizwa nge-wireless wireless evumela ukuba iifowuni zixhumane ngokuthe ngqo komnye nomnye kwiontanga. Ukungabikho kwendawo yokuxhumeka, ukhuseleko lwe-Wi-Fi oluxhomekeke kwi-Wi-Fi luhlala luphantsi. Ezinye iingcali zidikibala ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokunxibelelana kwe-Wi-Fi ezihambelana nesi sizathu.
IMigangatho yoKhuseleko ye-Wi-Fi evamile
Iinqununu ezininzi ze-Wi-Fi ziquka iikhomputha, ii-routers kunye neefowuni zinkxaso imigangatho emininzi yokukhuseleko. Iimpawu zokhuseleko ezikhoyo kunye namagama abo ahlukahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwii-device.
I-WEP imele i-Wired Equivalent Ubumfihlo. Ingumgangatho wokhuseleko olungenasiphelo lwangaphandle lwe-Wi-Fi kwaye isasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumanethiwekhi ekhompyutheni yasekhaya. Ezinye izixhobo zixhasa ezininzi iinguqulelo zokhuseleko lweWEP
- I-WEP-64-bit key (ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi-WEP-40)
- I-WEP ye-128-bit key (ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi-WEP-104)
- I-WEP 256-bit key
kwaye vumela umlawuli ukuba akhethe enye, ngelixa ezinye iifowuni zixhasa kuphela ukhetho olulodwa lweWEP. I-WEP ayifanele isetyenziswe ngaphandle kweyendlela yokugqibela, njengoko inika ukhuseleko olukhuselekileyo.
I-WPA imele ukufikelela kwi-Wi-Fi Protected Access. Lo mgangatho uphuhliselwe ukutshintsha i-WEP. Iifayile ze-Wi-Fi zixhase ngokubanzi iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe beWPA. I-WPA yendabuko, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-WPA-Personal kwaye ngezinye iindawo ibizwa ngokuba yi-WPA-PSK (yokwabelana kwangundoqo), yenzelwe ukuthungatha i-home while enye inguqulelo, i-WPA-Enterprise, yenzelwe amanethiwekhi oqhagamshelwano. I-WPA2 yinguqu ephuculweyo ye-Wi-Fi Access Access exhaswa yizo zonke izixhobo ze-Wi-Fi ezitsha. NjengoWPA, i-WPA2 ikhona nakwiifom zaBantu / ze-PSK kunye ne-Enterprise.
I-802.1X inikezela ukuqinisekiswa kwenethiwekhi kwii-Wi-Fi kunye nezinye iintlobo zonxibelelwano. Ithetha ukusetyenziswa ngamashishini amakhulu njengoko le teknoloji idinga ubuchule obongezelelweyo bokuseka nokugcina. I-802.1X isebenza kunye ne-Wi-Fi kunye nezinye iintlobo zonxibelelwano. Ngoqwalaselo lwe-Wi-Fi, abalawuli ngokuqhelekileyo baqwalasela ukuqinisekiswa kwe-802.1X ukusebenzisana kunye ne-WPA / WPA2-Enterprise encryption.
I-802.1X yaziwa nangokuthi yiRADIUS .
Iisethi zoKhuseleko lweNethiwekhi kunye neePraphrases
I-WEP kunye ne-WPA / i-WPA2 isebenzisa izitshixo zokufakela ngefowuni, ukulandelelana kweenombolo ze- hexadecimal . Ukudibanisa iimpawu ezingundoqo kufuneka zingeniswe kwi- Wi-Fi router (okanye kwindawo yokufikelela) kunye nazo zonke izixhobo zamakhasimende ezifuna ukujoyina inethiwekhi. Kwikhuseleko lokuthungelwano, igama legama lomgca lingabhekisela kwifom elula yokhiye wokubhaliweyo osebenzisa kuphela abalinganiswa bee-alphanumeric endaweni yexabiso le-hexadecimal. Nangona kunjalo, imimiselo yenkcazo yenkcazo kunye neentloko zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokungafaniyo.
Ukuqwalasela ukhuseleko lwe-Wi-Fi kwiNethwekhi yaseKhaya
Zonke iifowuni kwinethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi enikeziweyo kufuneka isebenzise izicwangciso zokhuseleko olufanayo. KwiiWindows 7 ze-Windows, ezi zilandelayo maxabiso kufuneka zingeniswe kwiTable yoKhuseleko lweZakhiwo zeNethiwekhi ezingenantambo kwintanethi enikwe:
- Uhlobo lokhuseleko lubhekisela kwizinketho zokuqinisekisa ukuquka i-Open, Shared, i-WPA-Personal kunye ne--Enterprise, i-WPA2-Personal kunye ne -Enterprise, kunye ne-802.1X. Inketho evuliwe ayisebenzisi nongqinisiso, ngelixa i-Shared isebenzisa iWEP yokuqinisekisa.
- Izinketho zohlobo lwe-Encryption zikhoyo zixhomekeke kuhlobo loKhuseleko olukhethiweyo. Ngaphandle kweNye, leyo ingasetyenziselwa kuphela kwiinqununu ezivulekileyo , ukhetho lweWEP lungasetyenziswa kunye neWEP okanye 802.1X ukuqinisekiswa. Ezinye iindlela ezimbini, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-TKIP kunye ne-AES, zibhekisela kwii-teknoloji ezikhethekileyo zokubhala ngekhompyutha ezisetyenziswayo kunye nentsapho ye-WPA ye-Wi-Fi yokuphepha.
- I-key encryption okanye i-passrax ingachazwa kwintsimi yekhuseleko lenethiwekhi xa kuyadingeka.
- I- Index eyimfuneko , ixabiso phakathi kwe-1 no-4, ibhekisela kwisithuba seenkcukacha ezihambelana nokugcinwa kwi-router engena-wire (indawo yokufikelela). Iimoto ezininzi zasemakhaya zivumela ezine izitshixo zokubhala ezihlukeneyo ezi-1 ukuya ku-4 ukuba ziqwalaselwe ukuze zixhase abathengi abasemthethweni ngaphandle kokuphoqeleka kubo bonke ukuba basebenzise ukhiye oqhelekileyo.