Igama
ukuhlaziya, ukwakha, ukucoca, ukugcina, ukugcina, ukuvakalisa, ukuxela, ukuqhubeka, ukuxela, ukudibanisa, ukukhanyela, ukukhangela, ukuvumela, ukukhupha, ukuqhuba, ukuphuma, ukuthumela ngaphandle, i-fc, i-fg, i-getopts, hash , uncedo, imbali , imisebenzi, bulala , maye, indawo, ukuphuma , popd , printf , pushd, pwd , read, readonly, buyisela , usethe, utshintshe, umthombo, umthombo, umise, uvavanyo, amaxesha, umgibe, uhlobo, imiyalelo , eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, ibhashi (1)
Bash Builtin Command
Ngaphandle kokuba kuboniswe ngenye indlela, umyalelo ngamnye owakhiwe apha kweli candelo njengamkela ukhetho oludlulileyo - lwamkela - ukubonisa ukuphela kwezikhetho.
: [ iingxabano ]
Akukho mpawu; umyalelo awenzi nto ngaphaya kokunyusa iingxabano nokwenza nayiphi na imigaqo echaziweyo. Ikhowudi yokuphuma ye-zero ibuyiselwa.
. igama lefayile [ iingxoxo ]
igama lomthombo [ iimbambano ]
Funda kwaye uyenze imiyalelo esuka kwifayile yefayile kwi-shell yangoku kunye nokubuyisela isimo sokuphuma somyalelo wokugqibela owenziwa kwigama lefayile . Ukuba igama lefayile aliqukethe i-slash, amagama eefayile kwi- PATH asetyenziswa ukufumana ulawulo oluqulethwe igama lefayile . Ifayile efunwa kwi- PATH ayifuni ukuba yenzeke. Xa ibhasi ingekho kwimodi ye-posix , ulawulo lwangoku lukhangelwa ukuba akukho fayile ifumaneka kwi- PATH . Ukuba ukhetho lwendlela yokwenza umyalelo okhutshweyo luvaliwe , i- PATH ayifuni. Ukuba kukho naziphi iimbambano ezinikezelwayo, ziba yimimiselo yeemeko xa igama lefayile liqhutywa. Ngaphandle koko iiparitha zemiqathango ayitshintshi. Isimo sokubuyisa sisimo somyalelo wokugqibela esikhankanywe kwiskripthi (0 ukuba akukho mithetho iyenziwa), kwaye unyanisekileyo ukuba igama lefayile alifumaneki okanye alikwazi ukufundwa.
alias [ -p ] [ igama [= inani ] ...]
I-Alias ezingenayo ingxabano okanye nge-- p inkcazelo ifake uludwe lweendawo zokungena kwifomu igama elithi alias = xabiso kwi-output standard. Xa kukho iingxabano, i-alias ichazwa ngegama ngalinye elixabiswayo . Isikhala esilandelayo esibalulekileyo senza ukuba igama elilandelayo lihlolwe ukufaka endaweni endaweni xa i-alias isandisiwe. Kwigama ngalinye kwiluhlu lweengxabano ezingenakunikwa ixabiso , igama kunye nexabiso le-alias liprintwe. I-Alias ibuyisela inyaniso ngaphandle kokuba igama linikezelwa apho kungekho nhlobo echazwe.
bg [ jobspec ]
Qalisa kwakhona umsebenzi osesikhundleni somsebenzi we- postspec ngasemva, njengokungathi uqalisiwe nge & . Ukuba umsebenzi we- jobspec awukho, ingcamango yegobolondo yomsebenzi wangoku isetyenziswa. bg returnsspec ibuyisela 0 ngaphandle kokuba isebenze xa ukulawulwa komsebenzi kukhutshaziwe okanye, xa usebenza ngokulawulwa kwemisebenzi inikwe amandla, ukuba umsebenzi we- jobspec awufumanekanga okanye uqaliswe ngaphandle kokulawula umsebenzi.
ukubopha [ -m keymap ] [ -lpsvPSV ]
ukubopha [ -m keymap ] [ -q umsebenzi ] [ -u umsebenzi ] [ -r keyseq ]
ukubopha [ -m keyfap ] -f yegama lefayile
ukubopha [ -m keymap ] -x keyseq : umyalelo-shell
ukubopha [ -m keymap ] keyseq : igama lomsebenzi
ukubopha umyalelo wokufunda
Bonisa ukukhangela okwangoku okufundwayo kunye nokuzibophezela komsebenzi, ubophe ulandelelwano oluphambili kumsebenzi wokufunda okanye macro, okanye usethe ukuguquguquka kokufunda . Impendulo nganye engeyona inketho ngumyalelo njengoko iya kuvela kwi .inputrc , kodwa imbopheleleko nganye okanye umyalelo kufuneka idluliselwe njengengxabano ehlukeneyo; umzekelo, '"\ Cx \ cr": funda kwakhona-init-fayile'. Izinketho, ukuba zinikezelwe, zineentsingiselo ezilandelayo:
-m keymap
Sebenzisa i- keymap njengoko iqhosha le-keymap lichaphazelekayo ngokuzibophelela okulandelayo. Amagama e- keymap ayamkelekileyo angama- emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command , kunye vi-insert . vi lilingana ne vi-command ; i-emacs ilingana ne- emacs-standard .
-l
Bhala uluhlu lwemisebenzi yazo yonke imisebenzi yokufunda .
-p
Bonisa amagama omsebenzi wokufunda kunye nezibophelelo ngendlela enokufundwa ngayo kwakhona.
-P
Bhala uluhlu lwamagama omsebenzi wokufunda kunye nokubopha.
-v
Ukubonisa amagama aguquguqukayo amagama kunye neempawu ngendlela enokufundwa ngayo kwakhona.
-V
Bhala uluhlu lwamagama aguqukileyo olwaziweyo .
-s
Bonisa ukulandelelana kweefayile ezisemgangathweni ezifakwe kwii-macros kunye nezixhobo ezivelisa ngendlela enokuthi zifunde kwakhona.
-S
Bonisa ukulandelelana kweefayile ezisemgangathweni ezifakwe kwi macros kunye nezixhobo eziphuma kuzo.
-fayile yefayile
Funda izibophelelo eziphambili ezivela kwifayile .
-q umsebenzi
Umbuzo malunga naziphi iifayile ezivakalisa umsebenzi ogama lakhe.
-u msebenzi
Khubaza zonke izitshixo ezibophelelwe kumsebenzi ogama.
-r keyseq
Susa nayiphi na imbopheleleko yangoku kwi- keyseq .
-x keyseq : i- shell shell-command
Yenza ukuba umyalelo wegobolthi ufezekiswe xa kunikwa i keyseq .
Ixabiso lokubuyisela li-0 ngaphandle kokuba kukhethwa inketho engaziwayo okanye kwenzeka impazamo.
qhekeza [ n ]
Phuma kwi- for , ngexesha , kude kube , okanye ukhethe u- loop. Ukuba n icacisiwe, qhawula amanqanaba. kufuneka ukuba> 1. Ukuba inkulu kunenani leenkikhi ezifakekileyo, zonke iingubo ezivaliweyo ziphelile. Ixabiso lokubuyisa li-0 ngaphandle kokuba igobolondo ingenzi i-loop xa ikhefu lenziwa.
i-shellin -builtin [ iimbambano ]
Yenza igobolondo ekhethiweyo eyakhelwe, idlulise iingxabano , kwaye ubuyekeze isimo sayo sokuphuma. Oku kuncedo xa kuchazwa umsebenzi ogama lakhe lifana ne-shell shell eyakhiweyo, ukugcina ukusebenza komsebenzi ngaphakathi kwenkqubo. I- cd builtin ihlaziywa ngokubanzi ngale ndlela. Isimo sokubuya sibuxoki ukuba i- shell-builtin ayiyiyo i-shell shell builtin.
cd [ -L | -P ] [ dir ]
Shintsha ulawulo lwangoku uhla . I-variable variable IKHAYA iyinto eyingcatshiyo . I-variable PPPATH ichaza indlela yokukhangela kwirejista equlethwe ingcolileyo . Amanye amagama ekhompyutheni kwiCDPATH ahlukaniswe yikholoni (:). Igama lekhowudi elingafaniyo kwi CDPATH lifana nerejista yangoku, oko kukuthi, `` . ''. Ukuba intsimbi iqala nge-slash (/), ngoko- CDPATH ayisetyenzisiwe. I-- P inketho ithi isebenzise isakhiwo somhla wokusebenza endaweni yokulandela izikhonkwane ezingumqondiso (jonga kwakhona -P inketho kwi- set setin command); -Ikhetho inamandla ezinxulumene nezikhonkwane ezimele zilandelwe. Ingxabano-ilingana ne $ OLDPWD . Ixabiso lokubuyiselwa liyinyaniso ukuba lo lawulo luguquliwe ngempumelelo; buxoki.
umyalelo [ -pVv ] umyalelo [ arg ...]
Umyalelo osebenzayo kunye ne- args ekunciphiseni umsebenzi oqhelekileyo we-shell shell. Imithetho yokwakha kuphela okanye imiyalelo efunyenwe kwi- PATH iyenziwa. Ukuba i-- p inketho inikwe, ukukhangela umyalelo kwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwexabiso elizenzekelayo le- PATH eliqinisekisiwe ukufumana zonke iinkonzo eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba ngaba i -V okanye i-- v inketho ihanjiswa, inkcazo yomyalelo iphrintiwe. I-- v inketho ibangela igama elilodwa elibonisa umyalelo okanye igama lefayile elisetyenziselwa ukucela umyalelo ukuba uboniswe; i -V inketho ikhiqiza inkcazelo engaphezulu . Ukuba ukhetho lwe -V okanye -v lunikezelwa, isimo sokuphuma si-0 ukuba umyalelo ufunyenwe, kunye 1 ukuba akunjalo. Ukuba akukho khetho lunikezelwa kwaye kukho impazamo okanye umyalelo awufumaneki, isimo sokuphuma si-127. Ngaphandle koko, isimo sokuphuma somyalelo esakhiweyo yimeko yokuphuma yomyalelo .
icompgen [ ukhetho ] [ igama ]
Ukuvelisa ukugqitywa kokugqitywa kwamagama ngokwegama ngokukhetha , okuyiyo nayiphi na inketho eyamkelwe yi-builtin epheleleyo ngaphandle kwe-- p kunye -r , kwaye ubhale umdlalo kwimveliso eqhelekileyo. Xa usebenzisa i-- F okanye -C izinketho , iinguqu ezihlukeneyo zeeklori ezibekwa zixhobo zokugqiba ezicwangcisiweyo, ngelixa zikhoyo, aziyi kuba nexabiso elisebenzayo.
Imigangatho iya kuveliswa ngendlela efanayo nokuba ikhowudi yokugqiba yokucwangciswa yenzeke ngokucacileyo ekugqityiweni okugqityiweyo ngeefowuni ezifanayo. Ukuba igama lichaziwe, kuphela loo magama azaliswayo aya kugqitywa.
Ixabiso lokubuyisela liyinyaniso ngaphandle kokuba ukhetho olungenagunyaziswa lunikezelwa, okanye akukho mveliso eyenziwe.
gcwalisa [ -abcdefgjksuv ] [ -o- co-option ] [ -Asenzo ] [ -G globpat ] [ -W Wordlist ] [ -P prefix ] [ -SSixix ]
[ -X filterpat ] [ -F umsebenzi ] [ -C umyalelo ] igama [ igama ... ]
gcwalisa igama [ igama ...]
Cacisa indlela iigama kumagama ngamnye kufuneka zizaliswe ngayo. Ukuba i-- p inketho ihanjiswa, okanye ukuba akukho zikhetho zinikezelwa, iinkcukacha zokugqitywa ezikhoyo ziprintwe ngendlela evumela ukuba zisetyenziswe kwakhona njengegalelo. I-- r inketho isusa icaciso sokuzaliswa kwegama ngalinye, okanye, ukuba akukho igama linikezelwa, zonke iinkcukacha ezigqityiweyo.
Inkqubo yokusebenzisa ezi nkcukacha zokugqitywa xa kugqitywa igama lichazwe apha ngasentla phantsi kokuCwangciswa okuCwangcisiweyo .
Ezinye iinketho, ukuba zichazwe, zineentsingiselo ezilandelayo. Iingxoxo ezikhethiweyo -G , -W , kunye ne -X (kwaye, xa kuyimfuneko, i-- P kunye -S izinketho ) kufuneka kucatshulwe ukuba zikhusele ekunweleni ngaphambi kokuzaliswa okupheleleyo .
-okhetho lokukhetha
I- comp-option ilawula iinkalo eziliqela zokuziphatha kwecompssec ngaphaya kwesizukulwana esilula sokugqiba. inketho yokuzibandakanya ingaba enye ye:
ku gqi bekanga
Sebenzisa igama lokugcina igama lokufunda xa u-compspec engenzi mveliso.
a magama
Ukwenza igama lokugqiba igama xa i-compspec engenzi mveliso.
mafayile
Xelela ukufundela ukuba i-compspec idala iifayile, ngoko iyakwenza nayiphi na inkqubo yokucwangcisa igama (njengokongeza i-slash kumagama olawulo okanye ukucima izikhala ezilandelelanayo). Injongo yokuba isetyenziswe ngemisebenzi yengxowa.
indawo
Xelela ukufundela ukuba ungafaki isikhala (esingagqibekanga) kumagama agqityiweyo ekupheleni komgca.
-Isenzo
Isenzo sinokuba esinye sezi zinto zilandelayo ukudala uluhlu lokugqitywa okunokwenzeka:
ezifanayo
Amagama angama-Alias. Kwangathi kwakhona ingachazwa njenge -a .
arrayvar
Amagama aguquguqukayo.
zibopha
Amagama abalulekileyo okubophelela amagama.
eyakhiweyo
Amagama eemigca ekhethiweyo eyakhelwe. Kwangathi kwakhona ingachazwa njenge- b .
myalelo
Amagama alawulayo. Kwangathi kwakhona ingachazwa ngamagama. Kwangathi kwakhona ingachazwa njenge -c .
lawulo
Amagama oLwazi. Kwangathi kwakhona ingachazwa njenge- d .
abakhubazekileyo
Amagama egobolondo ekhubazekile.
inikwe amandla
Amagama akhiwe ngamanzi egobe.
ukuthumela ngaphandle
Amagama eengxowankulu zeekhegi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Kwangathi kwakhona ingachazwa ngo -e .
ifayile
Fakela amagama. Kwangathi kwakhona ingachazwa njenge -f .
msebenzi
Amagama eemigqabha imisebenzi.
iqela
Magama eqela. Kwangathi kwakhona ingacaciswa njenge- g .
uncedo
Uncedo lwezihloko njengoko zamkelwe nguncedo olwakhiwe.
I-Hostnames, njengoko ithathwe kwifayili echazwe yi- HOSTFILE ekhethiweyo.
msebenzi
Amagama uYobhi, ukuba ulawulo lomsebenzi lusebenza. Kwangathi kwakhona ingachazwa njenge -j .
igama elingundoqo
Amazwi agciniweyo. Kwangathi nayo ingachazwa njenge -k .
ku sebenza
Amagama omsebenzi osebenzayo, ukuba ulawulo lomsebenzi lusebenza.
inkonzo
Amagama enkonzo. Kwangathi nayo ingachazwa njenge-.
setopt
Iingqinisiso ezichanekileyo ze- ikhetho kwi- set setin.
likhulu
Amagama okukhethwa kweShell njengoko amkelwe ngulo lwakhiwe ngokukhawuleza .
uphawu
Amagama asayinayo.
yekile
Amagama omisa imisebenzi, ukuba ulawulo lomsebenzi lusebenza.
benzisi
Igama lomsebenzisi. Kwangathi kwakhona ingachazwa njenge -u .
eziguquguqukayo
Amagama azo zonke iigolate eziguqukayo. Kwangathi kwakhona ingachazwa njenge -v .
-G globpat
Igama legama lokwandisa i- globpat lwandiswa ukuze lenze ukugqitywa okunokwenzeka.
-Uhlu lwegama
Uluhlu lwegama lukwahlukana usebenzisa abalinganiswa kwi- IFS ekhethiweyo ekhethiweyo njengabadilizi, kwaye igama ngalinye elizalisayo liyakwandiswa. Ukugqitywa okunokwenzeka ngamalungu oluhlu oluthathayo olufanisa igama eligqityiweyo.
-C umyalelo
Umyalelo wenziwa kwi-subshell imo, kwaye imveliso yaso isetyenziselwa ukugqitywa.
-F umsebenzi
Umsebenzi wegobolondo umsebenzi uyenziwa kwimeko yegobolithi yangoku. Xa iphelile, ukugqitywa kwento enokukwenziwa kuyakufunyanwa kwixabiso le- COMPREPLY ekhethiweyo.
-X
i-filterpat yipatheni njengoko isetyenziselwa ukwandiswa kwegama lefayile. Isetyenziswe kwoluhlu lokugqitywa okusemandleni okuveliswa zikhetho eziphambili kunye neengxabano, kwaye i- filterpat yokuqhafaza nganye yokugqiba isuswa kwiluhlu. Inkokeli ! kwi- filterpat ilahlekisa iphethini; Kule meko, nayiphi na ukugqitywa kokungafani nefilpratpat isuswe.
-P iqalo
Isiqalo esongezelelweyo sithengiswa ekuqaleni komsebenzi ngamnye wokugqitywa emva kokuba zonke ezinye iindlela zenziwe.
-SS
Isixeshelo sixhaswa nganye ekugqityweni kokuphela emva kokunye okukhethwa kukho.
Ixabiso lokubuyisela liyinyani ngaphandle kokuba kungenakunikwa ukungavumelekanga, inketho ngaphandle kwe-- p okanye -r inikezwa ngaphandle kwegama elingqinelanayo, kwenziwa umzamo wokususa ukugqitywa kweenkcukacha zegama apho kungekho nto ikhona, okanye iphutha ukongeza uxwebhu olugqityiweyo.
qhubeka [ n ]
Qalisa kwakhona iireyitha elandelayo ye-enclosing for , ngelixa , kude kube , okanye khetha ukhetho . Ukuba n icacisiwe, phinda uqalise kwi- n th ejikelezayo. kufuneka ukuba> 1. Ukuba n mkhulu kuneenombolo zokungena, i-loop yokugqibela edibeneyo ('`top-level' 'loop) iyaqala kwakhona. Ixabiso lokubuyisela li-0 ngaphandle kokuba igobolondo ingenzi i-loop xa iqhubeka .
bhengeze [ -afFirtx ] [ -p ] [ igama [= value ]
fakela [ -afFirtx ] [ -p ] [ igama [= value ]
Memezela iziguquko kunye / okanye ukunika iimpawu. Ukuba akukho igama linikezelwa ngoko kubonisa ixabiso lezinto eziguqukayo. I-- p inketho iza kubonisa iimpawu kunye nexabiso legama ngalinye. Xa -p isetyenziswe, ukhetho olongezelelweyo alugatywanga. Inketho ye-- F inqanda ukuboniswa kweenkcazo zomsebenzi; kuphela igama lomsebenzi kunye neempawu eziprintiweyo. I-- F inketho ibonisa -f . Ezi zikhetho ezilandelayo zingasetyenziselwa ukukhawulela umlinganiselo kwizinto eziguquguqukileyo kunye nesicatshulwa esicacisiwe okanye ukunika iziguquko iimpawu:
-a
Igama ngalinye li-variable variable (jonga ii- Array above).
-f
Sebenzisa amagama omsebenzi kuphela.
-i
Uguquko luphathwa njengenani elipheleleyo; vavanyo lwe-arithmetic (jonga ukuvandlakanya kwe-ARITHMETIC) xa kwenziwa uguquko lunikezelwa ixabiso.
-r
Yenza igama lifunde kuphela. La magama awakwazi ukunikezwa ngexabiso ngokulandela izabelo zengxelo okanye ukucwangciswa.
-t
Nika igama ngalinye uphawu lokulandelela. Imisebenzi elandelwayo ilifa i- DEBUG umgibe ukusuka kwigobolondo yokubiza. Isalathiso sokulandelela asikho nentsingiselo ekhethekileyo kwizinto eziguqukayo.
-x
Igama leMarko lokuthumela ngaphandle kwimilayezo elandelayo ngokusingqongileyo.
Ukusebenzisa '+' esikhundleni sokuthi `- '' kucima isicatshulwa esikhundleni, ngaphandle kokuba asebenziswanga ukutshabalalisa uluhlu oluthile. Xa isetyenziswe kumsebenzi, yenza igama ngalinye lendawo, njengomyalelo wendawo . Ixabiso lokubuyisela li-0 ngaphandle kokuba kukho inketho engavumelekanga, kwenziwa umzamo wokuchaza umsebenzi usebenzisa `` -f foo = bar '', kwenziwa inzame yokwabiwa kwexabiso kwizinto ezifundwayo kuphela, umzamo wenziwa ukwabela ixabiso kwi-variable variable ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-syntax yesabelo esicacisiwe (jonga ii- Arrays ngasentla), elinye lamagama alilona igama elikhethiweyo legama legobolondo, inzame eyenziwa ukucima isimo sokufunda kuphela se-variable-read-only, iinzame zenziwa ukucima isimo esilungelelaniso soluhlu oluthile, okanye uzame ukubonisa umsebenzi ongekho -f .
[dlpv ] [+ n ] [- n ]
Ngaphandle kokukhethwa kukho, ubonisa uluhlu lwezinto ezikhunjulwayo ngoku. Umboniso ongagqibekanga usemgceni owodwa kunye namagama ohlaziyo ahlukaniswe zizikhala. Izalathisi zongezwa uluhlu kunye nomyalelo we- pushd ; Umyalelo we- popd ususa okufakwe kuloluhlu.
+ n
Ubonisa ukubalwa kokungenayo kwe-th ukusuka kwesobunxele kwoluhlu oluboniswe ngabadirs xa lufunwa ngaphandle kokukhethwa, ngokuqala nge-zero.
- n
Ubonisa ukubalwa kokungeniswa kwe-th ukusuka ekunene kwoluhlu oluboniswe ngabadons xa lenziwe ngaphandle kokukhetha, ukuqala ngo-zero.
-c
Ucoca umgca wekhowudi ngokususa zonke izifayile.
-l
Uvelisa uludwe olude; ifomathi yokutyala engagqibekanga isebenzisa i-tilde ukubonisa i-home directory.
-p
Phrinta umgca wekhowudi kunye nomngeno omnye ngomgca.
-v
Phrinta umgca wekhowudi kunye nomgca omnye ngomgca, uqale iqhosha lokungena ngalinye kunye nekhompyutheni yalo.
Ixabiso lokubuyisa li-0 ngaphandle kokuba ukhetho olungavumelekanga lunikeziwe okanye n indexes ngaphaya kokuphela kwesitoreji somlawuli.
uyayiphika [ -ar ] [ -h ] [ jobspec ...]
Ngaphandle kokukhetha, ngamnye umsebenzi we- jobspec ususwa kwitafile yemisebenzi esebenzayo. Ukuba i -hh inketho iyinikezelwa , ngamnye umsebenzi we- jobspec akasusiwe etafileni, kodwa imakwe ukuze i- SIGHUP ingathunyelwa emsebenzini ukuba igobolondo ithola i- SIGHUP . Ukuba akukho msebenzi we- jobspec ukhona, kwaye akukho -a okanye i-- r inketho inikwe, umsebenzi okhoyo usetyenziswa. Ukuba akukho msebenzi we- jobspec unikezelwa, i-khetho ithetha ukususa okanye ukumisa yonke imisebenzi; i-option ngaphandle kwe-argument jobspec ivimbela ukusebenza kwimisebenzi. Ixabiso lokubuyisa li-0 ngaphandle kokuba umsebenzi we- jobspec awucacisi umsebenzi ovumelekileyo.
u-echo [ -neE ] [ arg ...]
I- output s arg , ihlukaniswe zizikhala, ilandelwe yintsha. Isimo sokubuyela sihlale si-0. Ukuba -n icacisiwe, intsha entsha elandelwayo iyacinywa. Ukuba i-ikhetho inikwe, ukuchazwa kwezi zilandelayo kubalingiswa abaphunyweyo. I -E inketho ikhubaza ukuchazwa kwezi zihlwele ezibalekileyo, kwaneenkqubo apho zichazwa ngokungafihli. Inketho ye xpg_echo ingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga ngokucacileyo ukuba okanye kungenayo i-echo iyakwandisa ezi zihlomelo zokusinda ngokuzifihla. i-echo ayichazi - ithetha ukuphela kwezikhetho. i-echo iguqulela ukulandelwa kokulandelwa kokulandelayo:
\ a
uqaphele (intsimbi)
\ b
backspace
\ c
ukunqanda ukulandelwa kwetsha
\ e
uphawu lokuphepha
\ f
ifom yokutya
\ n
umgca omtsha
\ r
ukubuyela kwinqwelo
\ t
ithebhu eqondekileyo
\ v
ithebhu ecacileyo
\\
ukubuyela emva
\ 0 nnn
udidi lwesibhozo esinesibhozo esixabisa i-octal value nnn (zero ukuya kuma-octal digits)
\ nnn
udidi lwesibhozo esinesibhozo esixabisa i-octal value nnn (enye ukuya kwii-octal digits)
\ x HH
udidi lwesibhozo esinesibhozo oxabiso lakhe lixabiso le hexadecimal HH (enye okanye ezimbini iiheksi zeeheksi)
vumela [ -adnps ] [ -f igama lefayile ] [ igama ...]
Nika amandla kwaye ukhubaze imiyalelo yengqungquthela eyakhelwe. Ukukhubaza i-builtin kuvumela umyalelo we disk onalo igama elifanayo njenge-shell shell built to be executed ngaphandle kokucacisa igama lomzila elipheleleyo, nangona igobolondo isesha ngokuqhelekileyo izakhelo phambi kwemiyalelo yedisk. Ukuba -n isetyenziswa, igama ngalinye likhutshaziwe; ngenye indlela, amagama anikwe amandla. Ngokomzekelo, ukusebenzisa ibhonari yokuhlolwa efunyenwe ngePATH esikhundleni se-shell shell builtin, sebenzisa `` vumela -i vavanyo ''. I-- f option ithetha ukulayisha igama elitsha lokwakhela igama elivela kwifayile ekwabelwana ngayo, kwiinkqubo ezixhasa ukulayishwa okunamandla. I-- d inketho iya kususa i-builtin yangaphambili elayishwe -f . Ukuba akukho zizathu zengqungquthela zinikezelwa, okanye ukuba i-- p inketho ihanjiswa, uluhlu lwezakhelo ze-shells luprintwe. Ngaphandle kwento enokukhetha ngayo, uludwe luqukethe yonke i-shell shell eyakhelwe. Ukuba -ni kezelwa, izixhobo ezakhiwe zikhubazekile kuphela. Ukuba -a inikezelwa, uluhlu oluprintiweyo luquka zonke izinto ezakhiweyo, kunye nenkcazo yokuba ngaba ngamnye unikwe amandla. Ukuba -nikezelwa , umkhiqizo uvalwe kwizakhiwo ezizodwa zePOSIX.
Ixabiso lokubuyisa li-0 ngaphandle kokuba igama alikho i-shell shell eyakhiweyo okanye kukho impazamo yokulayisha into entsha eyakhiweyo evela kwinto ebelwana ngayo.
eval [ arg ...]
I-s s zifundwa kwaye zihlanganiswa ndawonye kumyalelo owodwa. Lo myalelo ufundwa kwaye usebenze ngegobolondo, kwaye isimo sawo sokuphuma sibuyiselwa njengexabiso le- eval . Ukuba akukho i- args , okanye iimbambano ezingenanto, i-returns ye- eval 0.
exec [ -cl ] [ -agama ] [ umyalelo [ iingxoxo ]
Ukuba umyalelo uchaziwe, ithatha indawo yegobolondo. Akukho ntsha inkqubo eyenziwe. Iingxoxo ziba iingxabano zomyalelo . Ukuba i-- l inketho ihanjiswa, igobolondo ibeka idatha ekuqaleni kwe-zeroth arg edluliselweyo. Oku kungena ngemvume (1). I -c option idala umyalelo ukuba uyenziwe ngendawo engenanto. Ukuba -a inikwe, igobolondo idlulisa igama njengeengxabano zeroth kumyalelo owenziwe. Ukuba umyalelo awukwazi ukuqhutyelwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, igobolondo elingenakudityanisayo iphuma, ngaphandle kokuba ikhefu yekhefu ye-execfail inikwe amandla, apho ibuyisela ukuhluleka. Igobolondo edibeneyo ibuyisela ukungaphumeleli ukuba ifayile ayikwazi ukuqhutywa. Ukuba umyalelo awucacisiwe, naluphi na ukulungiswa okusebenzayo kwigobolondo yangoku, kwaye isimo sokubuyisa si-0. Ukuba kukho iphutha lokubuyisela ukubuyisela, ukubuyiswa kwezinga li-1.
phuma [ n ]
Yenza ukuba igobolondo iphume nge- n . Ukuba n ayishiywanga, imeko yokuphuma yile myalelo wokugqibela owenziwe. Umgibe ku- EXIT uyenziwa ngaphambi kokuba igobolondo iphelise.
ukuthumela ngaphandle [ -fn ] [ igama [= igama ]] ...
Amagama anikeziweyo aphawulwe ngokuthumela ngokuzenzekelayo kummandla wemiyalelo ephunyeziweyo. Ukuba i-- f inketho inikwe, amagama abhekisela kwimisebenzi. Ukuba akukho namagama anikeziwe, okanye ukuba i-- p inketho inikezelwa, uluhlu lwawo onke amagama athunyelwayo kule shell iprintwe. I-inketho ibangela ukuba ipropathi yokuthumela ngaphandle isuswe kwiimpawu ezichaziweyo. ukuthumela ngaphandle kubuyelela i-exit isimo se-0 ngaphandle kokuba kukho inketho engavumelekanga, elinye lamagama alikho igama elikhethiweyo legama legobolondo, okanye -a linikezwa igama elingelona umsebenzi.
fc [ -eame ] [ -nlr ] [ wokuqala ] [ wokugqibela ]
fc -s [ pat = rep ] [ cmd ]
Misela u Myalelo. Kwindlela yokuqala, uluhlu lwemiyalelo ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya kokugqibela lukhethwa kwiluhlu lwembali. Okokuqala nokugqibela kunokucaciswa njengomtya (ukufumana umyalelo wokugqibela oqala ngalolo chungechunge) okanye njengenombolo (isalathisi kwiluhlu lwembali, apho inombolo enobungozi isetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa kumbolo yomyalelo wangoku). Ukuba okokugqibela akuchazwayo kusekwe kumyalelo okhoyo wokufakwa kuhlu (ukuze '`fc -l -10' 'iprinte imiyalelo yokugqibela eyi-10) kwaye kuqala okokuqala . Ukuba okokuqala kungacacisiwe kusekwe kumyalelo wangaphambili wokuhlela kunye -16 ukuze uluhlu.
I-inketho ikhupha amanani omyalelo xa uluhlu. I-- r inketho ibuyisela umyalelo wemiyalelo. Ukuba i-- l inketho inikwe, imiyalelo iboniswe kwisiphumo esisezantsi. Ngaphandle koko, umhleli owenziwe ngu- ename ufunwa kwifayili equle loo mithetho. Ukuba ingenayo inganikiweyo , ixabiso lentengo ye- FCEDIT isetyenziswe, kunye nexabiso le- EDITOR ukuba i- FCEDIT ayisetyenziswanga . Ukuba akukho ukutshintsha okusetyenzisiweyo, kusetyenziswa. Xa ukulungiswa kuqedile, imiyalelo ehlelweyo yachaneka kwaye yaqhutywa.
Kwifomu yesibini, umyalelo uphinde wenziwe emva kokuba umzekelo ngamnye we pat ushintshwe yi- rep . I-alias eziwusizo ekusebenziseni nale nto `` r = fc -s '', ukuze ukuthayipha `` r cc '' isebenzise umyalelo wokugqibela oqala nge `` cc '' nokuthayipha `` r '' kuphinda iphumelele myalelo.
Ukuba ifomu lokuqala lisetyenzisiweyo, ixabiso lokubuyisela li-0 ngaphandle kokuba kukho inketho engavumelekanga okanye yokuqala okanye yokugqibela ichaza imigca yeembali ngaphandle kwebala. Ukuba i-ikhetho inikwe, ixabiso lokubuyisa lixabiso lomyalelo wokugqibela owenziwe okanye ukuphumelela ukuba kukho impazamo ngefayile yexeshana. Ukuba ifom yesibili isetyenzisiweyo, isimo sokubuyisela saloo myalelo ophinde wenziwe, ngaphandle kokuba cmd ingacacisi umgca wembali ovumelekileyo, apho i- fc ibuyisa ukuhluleka.
fg [ jobspec ]
Qalisa kwakhona i- jobspec ngaphambili, uze wenze umsebenzi wangoku. Ukuba umsebenzi we- jobspec awukho, ingcamango yegobolondo yomsebenzi wangoku isetyenziswa. Ixabiso lokubuyisela lilo lomyalelo obekwe ngaphambili, okanye ukuhluleka xa kuqhutywa xa ulawulo lomsebenzi lukhutshaziwe okanye, xa usebenza ngokulawulwa kwemisebenzi, ukuba umsebenzi we- jobspec awucacisi umsebenzi ovumelekileyo okanye umsebenzi we- jobspec uchaza umsebenzi owaqalwa ngaphandle kokulawula umsebenzi .
ufumana igama elikhethiweyo [ args ]
iifowuni zisetyenziselwa iinkqubo zegobolondo ukuze zidibanise iiparitha zemiqathango. i-optstring iqulethe abalinganiswa bokukhetha ukuba baqaphele; ukuba umlingiswa ulandelwa yikholoni, ukhetho kulindeleke ukuba libe nengxabano, emele ihlukaniswe kuyo yindawo emhlophe. Abalinganiswa bekoloni kunye nombuzo abanokuthi bangasetyenziswa njengabalinganiswa bokukhetha. Ngalinye ixesha xa kuphakanyiswa, ufumana iindawo ezikhethiweyo kwigama legama le-shell, ukuqala igama xa lingekho, kwaye isalathisi se-argument esilandelayo kufuneka iqhutywe kwi- OPTIND eguqukileyo. I-OPTIND iqaliswe kwi-1 nganye ngexesha ngalinye ikhebhile okanye iskripthi somqulu. Xa ukhetho ludinga ingxabano, ufumana iindawo ezinengxabano kwi- OPTARG eguqukileyo .Igobolondo ayiyi kubeka kwakhona i- OPTIND ngokuzenzekelayo; kufuneka ukuba isetyenziswe ngokutsha phakathi kweefowuni ezininzi ukufumana i-shell ecelayo ukuba i-set set parameters isetyenziswe.
Xa isiphelo sezinto ezikhethiweyo sihlangabezane nazo, ama- getopts aphuma kunye nenani lokubuyisela likhulu kunezinga. I-OPTIND isetyenziswe kwisalathisi sokuqala kokungabikho okukhethiweyo, kunye negama lisethelwe?
ukufumana ngokuqhelekileyo ukuphazamisa imimiselo yeemeko, kodwa ukuba kukho iingxabano ezingaphezulu kwi- args , iifayile ziyazitshintsha ezo ndawo.
ukufumana iifayile zingachazela iimpazamo ngeendlela ezimbini. Ukuba umlingisi wokuqala we- optstring yi-colon, ingxelo yokuphosakela kwephutha iyasetyenziswa. Kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokusebenzisa impawu zokuxilonga zinyatheliswa xa kukho iindlela ezingavumelekanga okanye iingxoxo ezingekho phantsi kwazo. Ukuba i- OPTERR eguqukileyo isetyenziswe ku-0, akukho myalezo yephutha iya kuboniswa, nokuba ngaba umlingisi wokuqala we- optstring ayikho ikholoni.
Ukuba ukhetho olungabonakaliyo lubonakala, ufumana indawo? egameni kwaye, ukuba engathuli, uprintela umyalezo wephutha kwaye unqanda i- OPTARG . Ukuba i- getopts ithe cwaka, umgca wokukhetha ofunyenweyo ufakwe kwi- OPTARG kwaye akukho myalezo wokuxilonga ophrintiweyo.
Ukuba impikiswano efunekayo ayitholakali , kwaye iifowuni ayifumanekanga, uphawu lombuzo ( ? ) Lubekwa egameni , i- OPTARG ayinakususwa , kwaye umyalezo wokuxilonga uprintwa. Ukuba i- getopts ithe cwaka, i-colon ( :) ifakwe kwigama kwaye i- OPTARG isetyenziswe kumgca wokukhetha okhoyo.
iifowuni ibuyisela inyaniso ukuba ukhetho, oluchaziweyo okanye olungachazwanga, lufunyenwe. Ibuyisela ubuxoki ukuba isiphelo sezinto ezikhethiweyo sihlangabezane nayo okanye kukho impazamo.
hashi [ -lr ] [ -p ifayile yegama ] [ -dt ] [ igama ]
Kwigama ngalinye, igama elipheleleyo lefayile yomyalelo lugqitywa ngokuphangela iirekhodi kwi $ PATH kwaye ukhunjulwe. Ukuba i-- p inketho ihanjiswa, akukho cwangco lomendo lwenziwa, kwaye igama lefayile lisetyenziswe njengegama elipheleleyo lefayile yomyalelo. I-- r inketho ibangela igobolondo ukulibala zonke iindawo ezikhunjulweyo. I-- d inketho ibangela igobolondo ukulibala indawo ekhunjulweyo yegama ngalinye. Ukuba i-option iyinikezelwa, igama elipheleleyo legama apho igama ngalinye lihambelana nalo linyatheliswa. Ukuba igama lamagama amaninzi anikezelwa -t , igama liprintwe ngaphambi kokuba kulandwe igama lomzila. I-- y option yenza ukuba imveliso iboniswe kwifomathi engasetyenziswa kwakhona njengegalelo. Ukuba akukho ziphakamiso ezinikezelwayo, okanye ukuba kuphela -nikezelwa , ulwazi malunga nemiyalelo ekhunjulwe luprintwayo. Ibuyiselo yinyaniso yinyani ngaphandle kokuba igama lingafumaneki okanye ukhetho olungavumelekanga lunikezelwa.
uncede [ -s ] [ iphethini ]
Bonisa ulwazi oluncedo malunga nemiyalelo eyakhelwe. Ukuba iphethini icacisiwe, uncedo lunika uncedo olunzulu kwiifayile ezifanayo; Ngenye indlela uncedo kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezakhiweyo kunye nelogobol control control. I-i - option iyakuvumela ulwazi oluboniswe kwi-synopsis emfutshane. Isimo sokubuyisa si-0 ngaphandle kokuba akukho myalelo ufanisa iphethini .
imbali [ n ]
imbali -c
kwimbali -kukukhutshwa
imbali -anrw [ igama lefayile ]
imbali -p arg [ arg ... ]
imbali -ye arg [ arg ... ]
Ngaphandle kokukhetha, bonisa uluhlu lwembali yomyalelo kunye namanani omgca. Iimilo ezidweliswe nge * ziguquliwe. Ingxabano yezintlu zoluhlu kuphela imigca yokugqibela. Ukuba igama lefayile linikezelwa, lisetyenziswe njengegama lefayile yomlando; ukuba akunjalo, ixabiso leHISTFILE lisetyenzisiweyo. Izinketho, ukuba zinikezelwe, zineentsingiselo ezilandelayo:
-c
Sula uluhlu lwembali ngokususa onke amafayile.
-d offset
Cima ukungena kwimbali kwindawo yokucima .
-a
Faka ilayini ye '`entsha' 'yembali (imbali yamagama ifakiwe ukususela kwiseshoni yangoku yebhasi ) kwifayile yomlando.
-n
Funda imigca yeembali engazange ifunde kwifayile yomlando kwiluhlu lwamatye ekhoyo. Le miqolo ifakwe kwifayile yomlando ukususela ekuqaleni kweseshoni yebhasti yangoku.
-r
Funda iziqulatho zefayile yomlando kwaye uwasebenzise njengembali yangoku.
-w
Bhala imbali yangoku kwifayile yeembali, ukulahla umxholo wefayili yembali.
-p
Yenza indawo yembali endaweni ye- args elandelayo kwaye ibonise umphumo kwimveliso eqhelekileyo. Awugcini iziphumo kwiluhlu lomlando. I- arg nganye kufuneka icatshulwe ukukhubaza ukunyuka kwembali.
-s
Gcina i- args kwiluhlu lwembali njengengeniso eyodwa. Umyalelo wokugqibela kwiluhlu lomlando ususwe ngaphambi kokuba i- args ifakwe.
Ixabiso lokubuyisela li-0 ngaphandle kokuba kukho inkqubela engavumelekanga, kukho impazamo ngexesha lokufunda okanye ukubhala ifayile yembali, ukukhutshwa okungekho mthethweni kunikezelwa njengengxabano -d , okanye ukwandiswa kwembali kunikezelwa njengengxabano -p .
imisebenzi [ -lnprs ] [ jobspec ...]
Imisebenzi -x umyalelo [ args ...]
Ifom yokuqala ibhala imisebenzi esebenzayo. Iindlela ezikhethiweyo zithetha ezi zilandelayo:
-l
IiNcwadana zoLwazi lweeNkcukacha ngaphandle kweenkcukacha eziqhelekileyo.
-p
Uluhlu kuphela i-ID yenkqubo yenkqubo yeqela lenkqubo.
-n
Bonisa ulwazi malunga nemisebenzi eshintshile isimo ekubeni umsebenzisi wagcina waziswa ngezinga lakhe.
-r
Mthintela umphumo kwimisebenzi.
-s
Nciphisa umphumo wokuyeka imisebenzi.
Ukuba umsebenzi we- jobspec unikezelwa, umkhiqizo ukhawulelwe ulwazi malunga nalo msebenzi. Isimo sokubuyisa si-0 ngaphandle kokuba kukho inketho engavumelekanga okanye umsebenzi we- jobspec ongavumelekanga .
Ukuba ukhetho lwe-- x luya kunikwa, imisebenzi ithatha indawo nayiphi na umsebenzi we- jobspec efunyenwe kumyalelo okanye i- args kunye ne-ID yenkqubo yeenkcukacha ezihambelanayo, kwaye yenza umyalelo odlulisela i-args , ubuyisela isimo sayo sokuphuma.
bulala [ -s sigspec | -signum | - sigspec ] [ pid | jobspec ] ...
bulala -l [ sigspec | exit_status ]
Thumela umqondiso ogqitywe ngu- sigspec okanye umqondiso kwiinkqubo ezibizwa nge- pid okanye jobspec . sigspec ingaba igama lomqondiso njengeSIGKILL okanye inombolo yesaziso; uphawu luphawu lomqondiso. Ukuba sigspec ligama lomqondiso, igama linganikwa okanye ngaphandle kwesiqalo se- SIG . Ukuba i- sigspec ayikho, i- SIGTERM iya kuthathwa. Ingxabano -i dwelisa amagama ophawu. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingxabano enikezelwayo-xa kunikezelwa, amagama eempawu ezihambelana neziphakamiso zidweliswe, kwaye izinga lokubuyisa liyi-0. I- exit_status ingxabano -l inombhalo ecacisa nokuba inombolo yenombolo okanye isimo sokuphuma Inkqubo ipheliswe ngumqondiso. ukubulala ibuyisela inyaniso ukuba ubuncinane isalathisi esisodwa sithunyelwe ngempumelelo, okanye simanga ukuba kukho impazamo okanye ikhefu elingavumelekanga.
vumela arg [ arg ...]
I- ar nganye yintetho ye-arithmetic ekufuneka ihlolwe (jonga ukuvandlakanywa kwe-ARITHMETIC ). Ukuba i- ar yokugqibela ihlola i-0, vumela ukubuyisa 1; 0 ibuyiswa ngenye indlela.
wendawo [ ukhetho ] [ igama [= value ] ...]
Kuzo zonke iingxabano, igama eliguqulelwe igama lendawo lidalwe, kwaye linikezelwe ngexabiso . Ikhetho lingaba nayiphi na ikhetho olwamkelweyo ngokuvakalisa. Xa indawo isetyenziswe ngaphakathi komsebenzi, ibangela ukuba igama eliguqukileyo libe nomda obonakalayo kulo msebenzi kunye nabantwana bayo. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi, ulawulo lwendawo luyabhala uluhlu lwezinto ezikhoyo zendawo ukuya kwisiphumo esisezantsi. Yona mpazamo yokusebenzisa indawo yangaphandle xa kungengomsebenzi. Isimo sokubuyisa si-0 ngaphandle kokuba ummandla wasekhaya ungasetyenziswa ngaphandle komsebenzi, igama elingavumelekanga linikezelwa, okanye igama liguquguqukayo.
phuma
Phuma igobolondo yokungena.
popd [- n ] [+ n ] [- n ]
Ukususa okufakwe kwi-stack yomlawuli. Ngaphandle kweengxabano, ususa ulawulo oluphezulu kwi-stack, kwaye wenza i- cd kwisikhokelo esitsha esiphezulu. Iingxabano, ukuba zinikezelwe, zineentsingiselo ezilandelayo:
+ n
Kususa ukubalwa kokungeniswa kwe-th ukusuka kwesobunxele kwoluhlu oluboniswe ngabadibanisi , ngokuqala ngo-zero. Umzekelo: `` popd +0 '' isusa ulawulo lokuqala, `` popd +1 '' lwesibini.
- n
Ikhupha ukubalwa kokungeniswa kwet th ephuma kunene kwoluhlu oluboniswe ngabadibanisi , ngokuqala nge-zero. Umzekelo: `` popd -0 '' isusa ulawulo lokugqibela, `` popd -1 '' elilandelayo ukuya ekugqibeleni.
-n
Ukunciphisa utshintsho oluqhelekileyo lwemibhalo xa ususa iinkcukacha ezivela kwi-stack, ukwenzela ukuba i-stack kuphela isetyenziswe.
Ukuba umyalelo we- popd uyaphumelela, i- dirs iyenziwa ngokunjalo, kwaye isimo sokubuyisa si-0. popd ubuxoki xa kukho inketho engavumelekanga, umgca wekhowudi ungenanto, ukungena kwirekhodi yokungena kokungena kukho ichaziweyo, okanye i-directory utshintsho lwahluleka.
ifomathi yeprintf [ iingxoxo ]
Bhala iziphakamiso ezifomathiweyo kumgangatho ophantsi phantsi kolawulo lwefomathi . Ifomathi yintambo yomtya equlethe iintlobo ezintathu zezinto: iibalati ezicacileyo, ezikhutshwe nje kumveliso oqhelekileyo, ukulandelwa kwamagama okuguqulwa, okuguqulwa kunye nokukopishwa kumgangatho osemgangathweni, kunye nefomathi yeenkcukacha, nto nganye ebangela ukushicilelwa kwelandelayo ngxabano elandelelanayo. Ukongeza kwiifom eziprintiweyo zokuprinta (1), % b ibangela ukushicilela ukwandisa ukulandelelana okulandelelanayo kwimiba engqinelanayo, kwaye % q ibangela ukuba i- printf ikhuphe impikiswano ehambelana nefomathi engasetyenziswa kwakhona njenge-shell shell.
Ifomathi isetyenziswa kwakhona njengoko kuyimfuneko ukugqiba zonke iingxoxo . Ukuba ifomathi idinga iingxabano ezingaphezulu kunokuba zinikezelwa, iifomati ezingakumbi ziziphatha njengokuba inani lexabiso okanye intambo engenanto, ngokufanelekileyo, inikwe. Ixabiso lokubuyisa liyi-zero kwimpumelelo, engeyiyo yonkcitho.
pushd [ -n ] [ dir ]
i-pushd [ -n ] [+ n ] [- n ]
Ukongeza ulawulo kwi-top of the record stack, okanye ujikeleze umgca, wenze i-top top ye-stack ibhokisi lokusebenza langoku. Ngaphandle kweengxabano, ukutshintshisana ezimbini zeengxelo kunye nokubuyisa 0, ngaphandle kokuba i-stack yomlawuli ingenanto. Iingxabano, ukuba zinikezelwe, zineentsingiselo ezilandelayo:
+ n
Uguqula umgca ukwenzela ukuba uhla lwe- n (ukubala ukusuka kwesobunxele kwoluhlu oluboniswe ngabadirs , ngokuqala ngo-zero) luphezulu.
- n
Uguqula i-stack ukuze i- n th directory (ukubala ukusuka ekunene kwoluhlu oluboniswe ngabadirs , ukuqala ngo-zero) luphezulu.
-n
Ukunciphisa utshintsho oluqhelekileyo lwemibhalo xa ufaka iikhomputha kwi-stack, ukwenzela ukuba kuphela umgca olawulwayo.
ngcolile
Ungeze ucoce kwi-stack yerejista phezulu, okwenza ube yincwadi entsha yokusebenza yangoku.
Ukuba umyalelo we- pushd uphumelele, i- dirs iyenziwa ngokunjalo. Ukuba ifomu lokuqala lisetyenzisiweyo, i- pushd returns 0 ngaphandle kokuba i-cd ukuyila ingaphumeleli. Ngefom ye sibini, i- pushd returns 0 ngaphandle kokuba i-stack yomlawuli ingenanto, i-directory engenayo yekhowudi yecala ichaziweyo, okanye utshintsho lwemfundo kwi-directory entsha ekhoyo ekhoyo yangoku ihluleka.
i-pwd [ -LP ]
Phrinta indlela epheleleyo yolawulo lwemisebenzi. Indlela eprintiweyo iqulethe akukho ziqhagamshelo ukuba i-- P inketho ihanjiswa okanye i-yokhetho lomzimba kwisigqibo esakhiweyo sinikezelwe. Ukuba i -Lo khetho isetyenzisiweyo, igama legama eliprintiweyo linokudibanisa iifayile. Isimo sokubuyisa si-0 ngaphandle kokuba kukho impazamo ngexesha lokufunda igama lolawulo lwangoku okanye ukhetho olungavumelekanga lunikezelwa.
funda [ -ers ] [ -u fd ] [ -t timeout ] [ -aaame ] [ -p prompt ] [ -n nchars ] [ -d delim ] [ igama ...]
Omnye umgca ufundwa kwi-input standard, okanye kwifayile echaza i- fd enikezwa njengengxabano ku-ukhetho, kwaye igama lokuqala liyabelwa igama lokuqala, igama lesibili kwigama lesibini, njalo njalo, ngokuseleyo Amazwi kunye nabahluleli babo abachaphazelekayo abelwe igama lokugqibela. Ukuba kukho amagama ambalwa afundwa kumgca wokufakelwa kunamagama, amagama aseleyo anikwe ixabiso elingenanto. Abalinganiswa be- IFS basebenzisa ukuhlula umgca ngamagama. Uhlobo lwe-backslash ( \ ) lungasetyenziselwa ukususa nayiphi na intsingiselo ekhethekileyo yomdlali olandelayo ofundwayo kunye nokuqhubeka komgca. Izinketho, ukuba zinikezelwe, zineentsingiselo ezilandelayo:
-name
Amagama abelwe iindile ezilandelelanayo ze- imeyli eguquguqukayo, ukusuka ekuqaleni kwe-0. i- imeyile ayilungiselelwanga phambi kokuba naziphi na ixabiso elitsha linikezelwe. Amanye amagama aphikisanayo ayamkelwa.
-d delim
Umlingisi wokuqala we- delim usetyenziselwa ukuphelisa umgca wokufakelwa, kunokuba ube ngumnxeba omtsha.
-e
Ukuba igalelo eliqhelekileyo livela kwisigxina, i- readline (jonga READLINE ngenhla) isetyenziselwa ukufumana umgca.
-iyintlanzi
sifunde ukubuya emva kokufunda iimpawu zenkampani kunokulinda umgca opheleleyo wegalelo.
-p ngokushesha
Bonisa ukukhawuleza kwimpazamo ehambelanayo, ngaphandle kwetafula entsha, ngaphambi kokuzama ukufunda nayiphi na ingeniso. I-prompt iboniswa kuphela ukuba igalelo livela kwi-terminal.
-r
Ukubuyisela emuva akusebenzi njengomntu ophunyukileyo. Ukubuyela emuva kubonwa njengenxalenye yomgca. Ngokukodwa, isibini esitsha se-backslash asinakusetyenziswa njengomgca wokuqhubeka.
-s
Imodi ethule. Ukuba igalelo livela kwisigxina, abalinganiswa abachazwanga.
-ixesha lokuphuma
Yenza ukuba ufunde ngokukhawuleza kwaye ubuyele ukungafezeki ukuba umgca opheleleyo wefowuni awufundwanga kwimigqomo yokuphumla. Olu khetho alunampembelelo ukuba ukufunda akufundanga igalelo ukusuka kwisiphawuli okanye ipayipi.
-u fdFP
Funda igalelo evela kwifayile yomchazi fd .
Ukuba akukho namagama anikezelwayo, umgca ofundwayo ubelwe kwi- REPLY eguqukileyo. Inkokhelo yokubuyisela iyona, ngaphandle kokuba iphela-fayile ifumaneka, funda amaxesha, okanye i-descriptor yefayile engavumelekanga ifakwe njengengxabano -u .
i- readonly [ -apf ] [ igama ...]
Amagama anikeziweyo aphawulwe ngokufundwayo; ixabiso lala magama alinakutshintshwa ngesabelo esilandelayo. Ukuba i-- f option inikwe, imisebenzi ehambelana namagama imakwe. I-ekhethekileyo ivumela izilungelelaniso kwimigca. Ukuba akukho zizathu zengqungquthela zinikezelwa, okanye ukuba i-- p inketho ihanjiswa, uluhlu lwawo onke amagama e-readonly ashicilelwe. I-- p inketho ibangela ukuveliswa ukuba kuboniswe kwifomathi engasetyenziswa kwakhona njengegalelo. Isimo sokubuyisa si-0 ngaphandle kokuba kukho inketho engavumelekanga, elinye lala magama alilona igama elichanekileyo legama legobolondo, okanye -a linikezwa igama elingelona umsebenzi.
buyela [ n ]
Ubangela umsebenzi wokuphuma kunye nenani lokubuyela elichazwe ngu- n . Ukuba akukho nto ikhutshwe, isimo sokubuyisa saloo myalelo wokugqibela owenziwa kumzimba womsebenzi. Ukuba isetyenziswe ngaphandle komsebenzi, kodwa ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kweskripthi . ( umthombo ) umyalelo, kubangela ukuba igobolondo imise ukuqhuba eso script kwaye ibuyele n okanye i-exit isimo somyalelo wokugqibela owenziwe kwiskripthi njenge-exit isimo script. Ukuba kusetyenziswe ngaphandle komsebenzi kwaye kungekhona ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kweskripthi . , ubuyisela bubuxoki.
setha [ --abefhkmnptuvxBCHP ] [ -o khetho ] [ arg ...]
Ngaphandle kokukhethwa, igama kunye nexabiso lentlukwano nganye yeekhanda ziboniswe kwifomathi engasetyenziswa kwakhona njengegalelo. Imveliso ihlelwa ngokweendawo ezikhoyo. Xa ukhetho lukhankanywe, lusetha okanye lusetyenzise iimpawu zegobolondo. Naziphi na iziphakamiso ezisele emva kokukhethwa kukhetho zithathwa njengamagugu kwimimiselo yeemeko kwaye zinikezelwe, ukwenzela, ukuya ku- $ 1 , i-$ 2 , ... $ n . Izinketho, ukuba zichazwe, zineentsingiselo ezilandelayo:
-a
Ukubeka ngokuzenzekelayo iimpawu kunye nemisebenzi eguqulelwe okanye eyenzelwe ukuthumela ngaphandle kwimiyalelo yemithetho elandelayo.
-b
Bika isimo sokumisa imisebenzi yangemvelaphi ngokukhawuleza, kunokuba ngaphambi kwexesha elizayo eliphambili. Oku kusebenza kuphela xa ukulawulwa komsebenzi kunikwe amandla.
-e
Phuma ngokukhawuleza ukuba umyalelo olula (jonga i- SHELL GRAMMAR ngaphezulu) uphume ngezinga elingenalo. Igobolondo ayiphumeli xa umyalelo ongaphumeleliyo uyingxenye yexesha elide kuze kube yilapho, okanye inxalenye ye-statement, inxenye ye &&; || uluhlu, okanye ukuba ixabiso lokubuyisela umyalelo lichithwa nge ! . Umgibe kwi- ERR , ukuba isetyenziswe, iya kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba igobolondo iphume.
-f
Khubaza ukwandiswa kwegama lomzila.
-h
Khumbula indawo yimiyalelo njengoko ikhangelelwe phezulu. Oku kunikwe amandla ngokungagqibekanga.
-k
Zonke iimbambano kwifom yesabelo seengxelo zifakwe kwimeko yokumisela umyalelo, kungekhona nje ezo zilandele igama lomyalelo.
-m
Inkqubo yokujonga. Ukulawulwa kweYobhi kunikwe amandla. Olu khetho luya kulungelelanisa iibolubhi ezibandakanyekayo kwiinkqubo ezixhasayo (jonga UKUPHATHWA KWEJOBE ngenhla). Inkqubo yangasemuva isebenza kwinqanaba leenkqubo ezahlukileyo kwaye umgca oqulethe isimo sabo sokuphuma ushicilelwe ekugqityweni kwawo.
-n
Funda imiyalelo kodwa musa ukuyenza. Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukuhlola iskripthi somqulu weekhredithi kwiipostiki ze-syntax. Oku kunganyanzelwanga ngamagobolondo asebenzisanayo.
-okhethi -igama
Ikhetho-igama lingaba linye yezinto ezilandelayo:
allexport
Kuyafana -a .
braceexpand
Ngokufanayo -B .
emacs
Sebenzisa umboniso wokulungisa umgca womgca womyalezo. Oku kunikwe amandla ngokungagqibekanga xa igobolondo isebenzisana, ngaphandle kokuba iqokobhe iqalile ngokukhetha - akukho ukuhlela .
errexit
Ngokufanayo -e .
ihahall
Ngokufanayo -h .
engabonakaliyo
Ngokufanayo -H .
imbali
Nika amandla imbali yomyalelo, njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla phantsi kwe- HISTORY .Lolu khetho luya kulungelelaniswa kwiibolubhi ezisebenzayo.
u ngahoywa
Umphumo wukuthi umyalelo wegobolondo '`IGNOREEOF = 10' 'ubuye wenziwa (jonga ii- Shell Variables ngenhla).
igama elingundoqo
Ngokufanayo -k .
iliso
Ngokufanayo -m .
ngeeyclobber
Ngokufanayo -C .
noexec
Ngokufanayo -n .
noglob
Ngokufanayo -f . I-nolo Okwanganyanzelwanga .
yazisa
Ngokufanayo -b .
magama
Ngokufanayo -u .
onecmd
Ngokufanayo -t .
ngokomzimba
Ngokufanayo -P .
i-posix
Shintsha ukuziphatha kwebhasti apho ukusetyenziswa okungafaniyo kuhambelana nomgangatho we-POSIX 1003.2 ukulinganisa umgangatho ( imodeli ye-posix ).
lungelo
Ngokufanayo -p .
verbose
Ngokufanayo -v .
vi
Sebenzisa i-vi-style yokuhlela umgca womyalelo wesitayela.
xtrace
Ngokufanayo -x .
Ukuba -o inikezwa ngaphandle kwegama-igama , ixabiso leendlela ezikhoyo ziprintwayo. Ukuba + o unikezwa ngaphandle kwegama-igama , uluhlu lwemiyalelo yokusetha ukubuyisela izicwangciso zolukhetho lwangoku luboniswa kwisiphumo esisezantsi.
-p
Vula imo enelungelo . Kule meko, iifayile ze- ENV kunye neefayili ze- BASH_ENV ezingasetyenziswanga, imisebenzi ye-shell izuze ifa kwiimeko zendalo, kwaye i- SHELLOPTS eguqukileyo, ukuba ibonakala kwimeko, ayiyihoywa. Ukuba igobolondo iqaliswa ngumsebenzisi osebenzayo (iqela) id engalingani nomsebenzisi wangempela (iqela) id, kwaye inketho-- p ayinikiweyo , ezi zenzo zithathwa kwaye id idiski yomsebenzisi isetyenziswe kwi-id yangempela yomsebenzisi. Ukuba i-- p inketho ibonelelwa ekuqaleni, i-id yomsebenzisi esebenzayo ayisetyenziswanga kwakhona. Ukuguqula okukhethiweyo kubangela ukuba i-ID esebenzayo kunye ne-ids yeqela zibekwe kumsebenzisi wangempela kunye ne-ids yeqela.
-t
Phuma emva kokufunda nokuqhuba umyalelo owodwa.
-u
Phatha ukuguqula ukuguquguquka njengephutha xa wenza ukwandiswa kweparameter. Ukuba ukwandiswa kuzama ukuguquguquka okungahambelwanga, igobolondo iprinta umyalezo wephutha, kwaye, ukuba ingabandakanyeki, iphuma ngezinga elingenanto.
-v
Phrinta imigca yokufakelwa kwegobolongo njengoko ifundwayo.
-x
Emva kokuwandisa umyalelo ngamnye olula , bonise ixabiso elikhulisiweyo le- PS4 , elilandelwa ngumyalelo kunye neengxoxo zalo ezandisiweyo.
-B
Igobolondo yenza ukwandiswa kwe-brace (jonga Ukwandiswa kweBrace ngasentla). Oku kuqhutyelwe.
-C
Ukuba isetti, ibhashe ayibhalisi ifayile ekhoyo kunye neefayile ze >> , > & , kunye>>. Oku kungagxininiswa xa udala iifayile zokuvelisa ngokusebenzisa umqhubi we-redirection > | esikhundleni sokuba > .
-H
Nika amandla ! indawo yomlando endaweni. Olu khetho lusetyenziswa ngokungagqibekanga xa igobolondo isebenzisana.
-P
Ukuba isetyenziswe, igobolondo ayilandelanga izikhonkco xa ziqhuba imiyalelo efana ne cd eguqula ulawulo lwemisebenzi ekhoyo. Isebenzisa isakhiwo sekhowudi yomzimba endaweni yoko. Ngokungagqibekanga, ibhashe ilandele ikhonkco elungileyo leenkcukacha xa wenza imiyalelo eguqula i-directory yangoku.
-
Ukuba akukho ziphakamiso zilandela olu khetho, iiparamenti zengqesho ziyacinywa. Ngaphandle koko, iiparameters zemiqathango zibekwe kwi- arg s, nangona ezinye zazo ziqala nge-.
-
Bhalisa ukuphela kwezinketho, kubangele zonke i- arg s ezisezantsi ziza kubelwa kwiiparitha zendawo. Izinketho ze-- x kunye -v zivaliwe. Ukuba akukho zi-args, iiparameter zengqesho zihlala zingatshintshi.
Iindlela ezikhethiweyo ziyacinywa ngaphandle kokuba zichazwe ngenye indlela. Ukusebenzisa + kunokuba-kubangela ukuba ezi zikhethi zicime. Izinketho zinokucaciswa njengengxoxo malunga nokuncenga kwegobolondo. Isethi yamanje yokukhetho ingatholakala kwi $ - . Isimo sokubuyela sihlala sisinyaniso ngaphandle kokuba kukho inketho engafanelekanga.
kutshintsha [ n ]
Iiparameters zenkalo ukusuka ku-+1 + zibizwa ngokuba yi-$ 1 .... Iiparameters ezimelelwe ngamanani e-$ # ukuya kwi $ # - n +1 azikhethi. N kufuneka ibe yinombolo engekho phantsi ngaphantsi okanye ilingana ne $ # . Ukuba i ngu-0, akukho parameters eguqulwayo. Ukuba n ayinikiweyo, kuthathwa ukuba yi-1. Ukuba iphezulu kune $ # , iiparameters zengqesho ayitshintshi. Isimo sokubuyisa sikhulu kunesixa ukuba n sikhulu kune $ # okanye ngaphantsi kwezero; ngenye indlela 0.
i-shop [ -pqsu ] [ -o ] [ optname ...]
Ukuguqula ixabiso lezinto eziguquguqukayo ukulawula ukuziphatha kwekhefu. Ngenanto ongakhethayo, okanye nge-- p inketho, uluhlu lwazo zonke iinketho ezikhethiweyo luboniswayo, ngokubonisa ukuba ingaba isetyenziswe ngasinye. I-- p inketho ibangela ukuveliswa ukuba kuboniswe kwifom engasetyenziswa kwakhona njengegalelo. Ezinye iinketho zineentsingiselo ezilandelayo:
-s
Nika amandla (setha) nganye i- optname .
-u
Khubaza (cwangcisa) nganye ifowuni .
-q
Ukunciphisa umgangatho oqhelekileyo (imodeli yokuthula); isimo sokubuyisa sibonisa ukuba i- optname isetyenzisiweyo okanye isetyenziswe. Ukuba amanqaku e- optname amaninzi anikezelwa-- q , isimo sokubuyiselwa sinjalo ukuba zonke ii- optnam zivunyelwe; engekho zero ngenye indlela.
-o
Ikhusela ixabiso le- optname ukuba yilezo zichazwe kwi--o inketho kwi- set setin.
Ukuba mhlawumbi - okanye -u kusetyenziselwa ngaphandle kweengxoxo ze-optname , umboniso ukhawulelwe kulezo zikhetho ezibekwe okanye zichithwe, ngokulandelanayo. Ngaphandle kokuba kuboniswe ngenye indlela, ukhetho olukhethiweyo lukhutshaziwe (lungasetyenziswanga) ngokungagqibekanga.
Ubume bokubuya xa uluhlu lwezinto ezikhethiweyo luyiyo ukuba zonke ii- optnames zinikwe amandla, kungenjalo zero. Xa ubeka okanye ukhetha ukukhetha, i-return status is zero ngaphandle kokuba i- optname ayikho ikhethi efanelekileyo.
Uluhlu lwezinto ezikhethiweyo kukuba:
cdable_vars
Ukuba isetyenzisiwe, ingxabano kumyalelo we- cd builtin ongekho isiqulatho kuthathwa ngokuba yigama lokuguquguquka okubalulekayo kwirejista ukutshintsha.
cdspell
Ukuba isetyenziswe, iimpazamo ezincinci ekupeleni kwecandelo lolawulo kumyalelo we- cd ziya kulungiswa. Iiphoso ezihlolweyo ziguqulelwe ngabalinganiswa, uphawu olungekhoyo, kunye nomlinganisi omnye. Ukuba ulungiso lufunyenwe, igama lefayile elichongiweyo liprintwayo, kwaye umyalelo uqhubeka. Olu khetho lusetyenziswa kuphela ngamaqebunga asebenzayo.
i-checkhash
Ukuba iset, i- bash isheke ukuba umyalelo ofunyenwe kwisithebula se-hashi ukhona ngaphambi kokuzama ukuwufeza. Ukuba umyalelo olahlekileyo awusayikho, uphando lomendo oluqhelekileyo lwenziwa.
uhlaselo
Ukuba isethi, ibhashe ihlola ubungakanani befowuni emva komyalelo ngamnye kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ihlaziya ixabiso le- LINES ne- COLUMNS .
cmdhist
Ukuba isetti, ibhashingi izama ukugcina yonke imigca yomyalelo wemizila emininzi kwirekhodi efanayo. Oku kuvumela ukulungiswa kwakhona ngokulula kwemigaqo emininzi.
dotglob
Ukuba kusetshiwe, ibhashe iquka iifayile eziqala '.' kwimiphumo yendlela yokwandisa.
iifayile
Ukuba isetyenziswe, igobolondo elingabandakanyiyo ayiyi kuphuma ukuba ayikwazi ukuqhuba ifayile echazwe njengengxabano kumyalelo owakhelwe ngaphakathi. Igobolondo elisebenzisanayo aliphumanga xa liphela liphumelele .
ukwandisa-
Ukuba isetyenziswe, iindawo zokuhlaliswa ziyakwandiswa njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla phantsi kweZIHLOKO . Olu khetho lunikwe amandla ngokungagqibekanga kwiigobolondo ezibandakanyekayo.
extglob
Ukuba isetyenzisiweyo, iimpawu ezihambelana neepatheni ezichazwe ngasentla ngaphantsi kwegama lomnxeba liyanceda .
histappend
Ukuba isetyenziswe, uludwe lwembali lufakwe kwifayili ebizwa ngokuba yixabiso le- HISTFILE yintsholongwane xa iqhosha liphuma, kunokuba ligqithise ifayile.
imbali
Ukuba isetyenzisiwe, kwaye isetekisi isetyenziswe, umsebenzisi unikezwa ithuba lokuphinda uphinde uhlele indawo yendawo ehlulekile.
iimbali
Ukuba isetyenzisiwe, kwaye isetline isetyenzisiweyo, iziphumo zendawo yokutshintsha indawo ayidlulanga kwi-shell shell. Endaweni yoko, umgca obangelwayo ulayishwa kwisitampu sokuhlela ukufunda, ukuvumela ukuguqulwa okuqhubekayo.
idibeneyo
Ukuba isetyenzisiwe, kwaye isetline isetyenzisiwe, ibhitshi izakuzama ukwenza igama lomncedisi lizaliswe xa igama eliqukethe @ lugqityiwe (bona Ukugqiba ngaphantsi kwe- READLINE ngenhla). Oku kunikwe amandla ngokungagqibekanga.
huponexit
Ukuba kusetshiwe, ibhashe izakuthumela i- SIGHUP kwimisebenzi yonke xa iqhosha lokungena lokungena ngemvume liphuma.
interactive_comments
Ukuba isetyenziswe, vumela igama eliqala nge- # ukwenza ukuba igama kunye nabo bonke abalingiswa abasele kuloo mgca banganakwa kwi-shell shell (bona IMIBUZO engentla). Olu khetho lunikwe amandla ngokungagqibekanga.
lithist
Ukuba kusetyenziswa, kunye nenketho ye - cmdhist inikwe amandla, imiyalelo emininzi yemigangatho igcinwa kwimbali kunye neelitsha ezifakwe kwi-intanethi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa abahluli be-semicolon apho kunokwenzeka.
login_shell
Igobolondo ibeka olu khetho ukuba iqalwa njengegobolondo yokungena (jonga INDLELA engenhla). Ixabiso alinakuguqulwa.
meyile
Ukuba kusetshenziswe, kunye nefayili echitshiweyo yokujonga i-imeyile ifumaneke ukususela ekugqibeleni ihlolwe, umyalezo othi `'Iposi kwifayile yefayile efundwayo' 'iboniswa.
no_empty_cmd_xeliso
Ukuba isetyenziswe, kwaye isetline isetyenzisiwe, ibhashe ayiyi kuzama ukukhangela i- PATH ukuze iphelele ukugqitywa xa kugqitywa ukulingwa kumgca ongenanto.
nocaseglob
Ukuba kusetshiwe, ibhashe ifana namafayile kwiimeko ezingenakukhathazeka xa wenza indlela yokwandisa igama .
nullglob
Ukuba isethi, ibhashe ivumela iipatheni ezingahambelani neefayili (funda Ukwandisa Kwimizekelo apha ngasentla) ukwandisa ibe yintambo engekho, ngaphandle kwabo.
phambili
Ukuba isetyenzisiwe, izixhobo zokugqiba ezicwangcisiweyo (Jonga ukuzaliswa kokuQinisekisa apha ngasentla) zinikwe amandla. Olu khetho lunikwe amandla ngokungagqibekanga.
ukukhawuleza
Ukuba isetyenziswe, izixhobo zokukhawuleza ziphantsi kokunyuselwa okuguquguqukayo kunye neparameter emva kokuba