14.1 Getty (esetyenziswe kwi / etc / inittab)
Isingeniso ku-Getty
Ukuze ube nenkqubo yokungena ngemvume kwi-port serial (kunye nesigxina esixhumene nayo) xa ikhompyutha iqalisa (okanye utshintshile amanqanaba okugijima) umyalelo we-getty kufuneka ufakwe kwifayile / etc / inittab. Ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kumgca wemiyalelo kunokubangela iingxaki (khangela ukuba i-getty isebenza kumgca womyalelo: Iiprogram ziyeka ukujonga ukuba kutheni). I-Getty GET i-TTY (i-terminal) iya. Isixhobo ngasinye sidinga umyalelo we-getty. Kukho umyalelo omnye wokufumana i-console kwifayile nganye / etc / inittab. Fumana oku kwaye ubeke imiyalelo ye-getty malunga neendawo zangasemva ezikufutshane nazo. Le fayili inokuthi iqulethe umgca we-gotty imigca yesigxina seetekisi ephawulwayo ukuze konke okufuneka uyenze ukukwenza unganqamle (susela inkokheli #) kwaye utshintshe iingxabano ezimbalwa.
Iingxoxo ezivunyelwe zixhomekeka kwiziphi iindawo ozisebenzisayo:
Iziphumo ezimbini zokufumana izixhobo ezixhunyiwe ngqo zi:
- i-agetty (ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa nje ngokuba yi-getty): Kulula kakhulu ukumisa. Akukho zifayile ezicwangcisiweyo. Bona i-agetty
- i-getty (inxalenye ye-getty_ps)
Iifayile ezimbini ezifanelekileyo zokufowunelwa kwiimodem (gwema ukuphela kwee-terminals) zi:
- umgca: owona mhle kwiimodem; isebenza kwimida kodwa iphantsi
- utywala: iimodem kuphela; inxalenye yephayiphu ye-getty_ps
I-gettys elula ukuyisebenzisa xa ungasebenzisi i-text-terminal terminal. Uninzi lwabasebenzisi baseLinux basebenzisa enye yalezi zilandelayo:
- mingetty
- fbgetty
- fgetty
- ukuhamba
Ukuhanjiswa kweLinux yakho kungaza kunye ne-ps_getty okanye i-agetty kwiimitha zokubhala. Ezinye izabelo aziboneleli. Ngelishwa, bahlala belibiza ngokuthi "getty" ukuze ufune ukukhetha ukuba yeyiphi na ukusukela kwiingxabano ozibeka emva kwayo / / etc / inittab. I-Debian isebenzisa i-agetty (kwiphakheji ye-util-linux). I-RedHat ne-Fedora basebenzisa i-ps_getty e-ps_getty
Njengokugqiba kokugqibela ukuzama ukufumanisa ukuba yiyiphi into enokuyenza, unokwenza ukhangele ikhowudi yayo eyenzekayo (ngokuqhelekileyo / kwi-sbin). ps_getty ine / etc / gettydefs efakwe kule khowudi. Ukuyifumana, iya ku- / sbin uze uthayiphe:
imikhosi yokufika | grap
Ukuba i-goyty empeleni iya kubangela nto. Noko ke xa uthayipha i-agetty typing:
fumana -h
kufuneka ubonise ukhetho [-hiLmw].
Ukuba awunayo i-getty ofuna ukujonga ezinye iimpapasho kunye nenkqubo yesiza ukuguqula phakathi kwePRM kunye nePerbia pakheji. Ikhowudi yomthombo inokukhutshwa kwi-Getty Software.
Ukuba awusebenzisi imizila yokulawula imodem (umzekelo ukuba usebenzisa kuphela inani elincinci labaqhubi be-3: thumela, fumana, kunye nesiganeko esivamile) kufuneka uvumele ukuba ufunde oku ngokusebenzisa iiflegi "zendawo". Ifomathi yale nto ixhomekeke kwiyiphi i-getty oyisebenzisayo.
U-Getty uphuma emva kokungena ngemvume (kwaye unokuhlaziya)
Emva kokuba ungene ngemvume uya kuqaphela (ngokusebenzisa "phezulu", "ps -ax", okanye "ptree") ukuba inkqubo ye-getty ayisasebenzi. Yintoni eyenzekayo kuyo? Kutheni i-gotty iqala kwakhona kwakhona xa igobolondo yakho ibulawa? Nasi isizathu.
Emva kokuba uthayiphe igama lakho lomsebenzisi, u-getty uyithatha kwaye ubize inkqubo yokungena ngemvume exelela igama lakho lomsebenzisi. Inkqubo ye-getty ithathelwe indawo yenkqubo yokungena ngemvume. Inkqubo yokungena icela iphasiwedi yakho, iyayihlola kwaye iqale nayiphi na inkqubo ichazwe kwifayile yakho yephasiwedi. Le nkqubo isoloko igobolish bash. Ukuba kunjalo, ibash iqala kwaye ithathe indawo yenkqubo yokungena ngemvume. Qaphela ukuba enye inqubo ithatha enye indawo kwaye inqubo yek shell shell iqale ekuqaleni njengenkqubo yokufumana. Iimpembelelo zezi zinto ziya kuchazwa ngezantsi.
Ngoku kwifayile / etc / inittab, i-getty kufuneka ihlaziywe (iqalisa kwakhona) xa ibulewe. Kuthetha njalo kumgca obiza i-getty. Kodwa ukuba i-shell shell (okanye inkqubo yokungena ngemvume) ibulawe, i-getty respawns (ibuyisela kwakhona). Ngoba? Eyona ndlela, inkqubo yokungena kunye kunye nebhasti iyatshintsha indawo yokufumana imali kwaye izuze
* Ithempyutheni yendlela yokuCwangcisa
ukuxhunyaniswa kwamanqaku kusekwe ngabaphambili babo. Enyanisweni ukuba ugcina iinkcukacha uza kuphawula ukuba inkqubo yokubuyisela iya kuba ne-ID yenkqubo efanayo nenkqubo yokuqala. Ngaloo ndlela utshintshile uhlobo oluthile lokuzifihla kunye nenombolo ye-ID yenkqubo efanayo. Ukuba ukutshabalalisa kubulawe kufana nokufa kuhlaselwa (nangona i-getty ingasasebenzi kwakhona). Oku kubangela ukubuyiswa kwemali.
Xa umntu ephuma, zonke iinkqubo zeso sikhundla sangxowankulu zibulewe ziquka igobolish ish. Oku kunokwenzeka kwakhona (ukuba kunikwe amandla) ukuba isalathisi se-hangup ithunyelwe kwi-port serial nge-drop of DCD voltage nge modem. Ukuba ukuphuma okanye ukulahla kwi-DCD kuya kubangela ukuba uhlawulelwe. Omnye unokunyanzela ukuba aphinde ahlaselwe ngokubulala ibhola (okanye ukungena ngemvume) okanye ngokushaya i-key k, njl. Xa "phezulu" okanye ngomyalelo wokubulala. Uyakufuna ukuyibulala ngesigxina 9 (esingenakukunyanzelwa).
Ukuba u-runty ugijima kumgca womyalelo: Iinkqubo zime
Umele usebenze ngokuqhelekileyo ukuphuma ngaphakathi / njll / inittab kwaye kungekhona kumgca womyalelo okanye ezinye iiprogram ezisebenzayo kwisigxina zingalindelwa ngokungalindelekanga (zimisiwe). Nasi isizathu sokuba (yehla ukuya kwicandelo elilandelayo ukuba kungani kungabalulekanga kuwe). Ukuba uqala ukufumana i-ttyS1 ukusuka kumgca womyalelo wesinye isigxina, yitsho i-tty1, ke iya kuba ne-tty1 "njengeyigqeba elilawulayo" nangona i-terminal yangempela iyasebenza kwi-ttyS1. Ngaloo ndlela inendawo yokulawula engalunganga. Kodwa ukuba iqalile ngaphakathi kwefayile ye-inittab ke iya kuba ne-ttyS1 njengegesi elilawulayo (elichanekileyo).
Nangona isigxina esilawulayo singalunganga, ukungena ngemvume kwi-ttyS1 isebenza kakuhle (ekubeni unike i-ttyS1 njengengxabano ukuya kwi-getty). I-input input kunye neziphumo zibekwe kwi-ttyS1 nangona isigqeba esilawulayo sihlala si-11. Ezinye iiprogram ezisebenzayo kwi-ttyS1 zinokulidla ilifa lemveliso / i-output standard (ehlangene ne-ttyS1) kwaye yonke into ilungile. Kodwa ezinye iiprogram zingenza impazamo yokuzama ukufunda kwi-terminal yayo yokulawula (tty1) engalunganga. Ngoku u-Tty1 unokucinga ukuba le nkqubo iqhutyelwa ngasemva ngu-tty1 ngoko umzamo wokufunda ukususela kwi-tty1 (kufuneka ukuba yi-ttyS1) iziphumo ekumiseni inkqubo eyazama ukuyifunda. (Inkqubo yomxholo ayivumelekanga ukuba ifunde kwisigxina sayo sokulawula.). Ungabona umyalezo othile: " [1] + Wabeka " kwisikrini. Kule nqanaba unamathele kuba awukwazi ukusebenzisana nenkqubo ezama ukuthetha nawe nge-terminal engalunganga. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ubalekele kule nto ungaya kwesinye isigxina uze ubulale inkqubo, njl.
i-agetty (inokuthiwa ngu-gotty)
Umzekelo kumgca kwi / etc / inittab:
S1: 23: i-respawn: / sbin / getty -L 19200 ttyS1 vt102I-S1 ivela kwi-ttyS1. 23 kuthetha ukuba u-getty ugijimela ekungeneni kumanqanaba okugijima 2 okanye 3. ukulungiswa kwempahla kuthetha ukuba ukuba i-getty (okanye inqubo ethatha indawo esikhundleni sayo njengebhasti) iyabulawa, i-getty izakuqala ngokuzenzekelayo (i-respawn) kwakhona. / sbin / getty ngumyalelo we-getty. I -L ithetha iNgingqi (ihoxise iimpawu zokulawula imodem). -h (engaboniswa kumzekelo) kwenza ulawulo lwe-hardware flow (olufana ne-stty crtscts). I-19200 ixabiso lebhaud. ttyS1 lithetha / dev / ttyS1 (COM2 kwi-MS-DOS). i-vt102 luhlobo lwesigxina kwaye lo mgca uza kubeka uguquko lwendalo ngethuba le-TERM kule xabiso. Akukho zifayile zoqwalaselo. Thayipha "init q" kumgca womyalelo emva kokuhlela ufikelele kwaye kufuneka ufune ukungena ngemvume.
Ukuhlawula & # 39; ukuzenzekela ngokuzenzekelayo kweengxaki zobuntu
I- agetty program izakuzama ukuzenzekela ngokuzenzekelayo ubumbano obubekwe ngaphakathi kwiphepha (kungabikho nhlobo). Ayinayo inkxaso ye-8-bit data bytes kunye no-1-bit. Jonga ii-byte zedatha yee-8 (kunye nobudlelwane). Ukuba usebenzisa i- stty ukubeka ubunye, i- agetty izakuyichitha ngokuzenzekelayo kuba okokuqala ifuna ukuba ubunyana buze ufike ngokungathi yinto encinci yedatha. Oku kungenxa yokuba kufuneka ufumane udibaniso lokugqibela (mhlawumbi ibinzana lembambano) njengoko uthayipha igama lakho lokungena ukuze likwazi ukujonga ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngaloo ndlela xa usebenzisa ubumbano, vumela kuphela ngaphakathi kweteksi -terminal kwaye uvumele i- agetty ukuyijonga kwaye uyibeke kwikhompyutha. Ukuba i-terminal yakho isekela i-parity, i-login prompt iya kukhangela uze uthayiphe into ukuze i-getty ikwazi ukuyijonga
ubunye. I-prompt prompt izakukhupha iindwendwe, njl. Ukuzama ukungena ngemvume. Oku kungaba yiloo nto oyifunayo.
Ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ingxaki yokufumanisa imoto. Oku kwenzeka ukuba emva kokuba uthayiphe igama lakho lokungena ngemvume, i- agetty iqalisa inkqubo yokungena ngemvume ukugqiba ukungena ngemvume. Ngelishwa, inkqubo yokungena ngemvume ayikwazi ukufumana ukulingana ukuze iprogram ye- getty ihluleke ukucacisa ubunyeni ukuba ungene ngemvume mhlawumbi. Ukuba umzamo wokuqala wokungena ngemvume, ukungena ngemvume kuya kukuvumela ukuba uzame kwakhona, njl. Ekugqibeleni, emva kweminye imizamo ephumelekileyo yokungena ngemvume (okanye emva kokuhamba kwesikhathi ) iya kuqala kwakhona kwaye iqalise ukulandelelaniswa kokungena ngemvume kwakhona. Xa ukufumana kwakhona kusebenza kwakhona, kunokukwazi ukufumana ubume kwi-yesibini yezama ukuze yonke into isebenze kulungile.
Ngokungahambi kakuhle, inkqubo yokungena ngemvume ayikwazi ukufunda ngokufanelekileyo oko uthayiphayo kwaye awukwazi ukungena ngemvume. Ukuba i-terminal yakho isekela ubunyano obunamkelekileyo, uya kuqhubeka nokubona isikrini esiphezulu. Ukuba i-getty ihluleka ukufumanisa i-parity / etc / imveliso yefayili idla ngokutshatyalaliswa kwiskrini ngaphambi kokuba ngaphambi kokukhawuleza, ngokunjalo amagama amaninzi angabonakala kwisikrini.
Kutheni ungeke ufumane i-agetty ukubona ubunyani ngolota wokuqala? Nasi umzekelo: Mhlawumbi ufumanisa i-byte ye-8-bit nge-parity bit 0 (bit-order order) kunye nenani elingavumelekanga le-1-bits. Yiyiphi indima? Ewe, inani elingaqhelekanga le-bits 1 libonisa ukuba lingummangaliso. Kodwa ingaba yinto efana ne-8-bit uhlamvu olungenanto. Ayikho indlela ekhoyo ukufumana ukuba yeyiphi. Kodwa kude kube ngoku siye sichitha ithuba lokuba nobudlelwane. Ukufunyanwa kwendibano kuqhutyelwa yinkqubo yokuqedwa.
Ukuba i-byte elandelayo ifakiwe ifana neyokuqala kwaye iphinda iphelise kuphela ukuba inokwenzeka, nokuba kunjalo, kusenakwenzeka ukucacisa ubunye. Le meko inokuqhubeka ngokungenammiselo kwaye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo ukungena ngemvume kuya kuphumelela uze utshintshe igama lakho lokungena. Ukuba i-agetty ifumana ubuncinane be-1 iya kuthatha ukuba le nto ibumbane kwaye ayinanto ephezulu ye-bit-bit. Ngaloo ndlela ucinga ukuba awusebenzisi abasebenzisi beemeta (i-high-set set) kwigama lakho lomsebenzisi (oko kukuthi igama lakho lise-ASCII).
Omnye unokungena kwi "loop loop" ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Mhlawumbi uthayibha iileta enye okanye ezimbini kwigama lakho lokungena kwaye uze uthinte ukubuyela. Ukuba ezi zincwadi azifumaneki ukufunyanwa kwamalungu, uze ungene ngemvume phambi kokuba ubambano lufunyenwe. Ngamanye amaxesha le ngxaki iyenzeka ukuba awunayo i-terminal kunye / okanye ixhunyiwe xa i-agetty iqalisa kuqala.
Ukuba unamathele kule "loop loop" indlela yokuphuma kuyo ukutshintshela iqhosha lokubuyela eziliqela ukuya kube yilapho ufumana i-getty login prompt. Enye indlela ukulinda umzuzu okanye ukwenzela ixesha lokuhamba. Emva koko umyalezo wokungena ngemvume we-getty uza kufakwa kwisikrini ngeprogram ye-getty kwaye ungazama kwakhona ukungena ngemvume.
I-bit-bit nedatha yedatha (kunye nobudlelwane)
Ngelishwa, i-agetty ayikwazi ukufumana lo mbutho. Ekupheleni konyaka ka-1999 akanakho ukhetho lokukhubaza ukuzenzekela ngokuzenzekelayo ukubonakaliswa kobuzwe kwaye ngaloo ndlela uza kubona ukungahambi kakuhle. Isiphumo kukuba inkqubo yokungena ngemvume iya kugqitywa kwaye ubume buya kulungiswa. Ngaloo ndlela kubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukuzama ukusebenzisa ii-byte zedatha zedatha kunye nobunye.
i-getty (inxalenye ye-getty_ps)
(Uninzi lwalo luvela kwi-Serial-HOWTO kaGreg Hankins)
Kulo mvuzo ufune ukuba zombini ufake ukungena kwifayili yoqwalaselo kwaye ungeze ukungena kwi / etc / inittab . Nazi ezinye iindlela zokungena kwi-terminal yakho oyifake kwifayile yokucwangcisa / njll / gettydefs .
Qaphela ukuba i-DT38400, i-DT19200, njl njl. Iilebhile kwaye kufuneka ukuba yinto efanayo naleyo usebenzisa kwi / etc / inittab .
Ukuba ufuna, unokwenza izinto zokuthabatha izinto ezinomdla kwi-banner yokungena. Kwimizekelo yam, ndinayo igama lenkqubo kunye nomgca wecala oshicilelweyo. Ungongeza ezinye izinto: [blockquote
umthunzi = yebo] @B Okwangoku (kuhlolwe ngexesha @B ibonwa) i-bps rate. @D Umhla wamanje, kwi-MM / DD / YY. @L Umgca we-serial apho ufikelele khona. @S Igama lomsebenzi. @T Ixesha langoku, kwiHH: MM: SS (iiyure ezingama-24). @U Inani labasebenzisi abangangena ngemvume ngoku. Oku kubalo kwenani lokungeniswa kwifayile / etc / utmp eneenkcukacha ezingenanto ezingabonakaliyo. @V Ixabiso le-VERSION, njengoko linikezelwe kwifayile engalunganga. Ukubonisa omnye 'uhlamvu', sebenzisa '\ @' okanye '@@'.Xa usuqedile ukuhlela / etc / gettydefs , unokuqinisekisa ukuba i-syntax ilungile ngokwenza:
linux # getty -c / etc / gettydefsQinisekisa ukuba akukho nanye ifayile yefowuni okanye uugetty kwi-port ye-serial ukuba iqhotyoshelweyo yakho ifakwe apha ( /etc/default/{uu}getty.ttyS N okanye /etc/conf.{uu}getty.ttyS N ) , njengoko oku kuya kuphazamisa ukufumana okusemthethweni kwi-terminal. Susa ezo fayile eziphikisanayo xa ziphuma.
Hlela ifayile yakho / etc / inittab ukuqhuba ufikelelo kwi-portal port (endaweni yeenkcukacha ezichanekileyo kwimeko yakho - i-port, isivinini, kunye ne-terminal terminal terminal):
S1: 23: i-respawn: / sbin / getty ttyS1 DT9600 vt100 kuyo linux # init qKule ngongoma, kufuneka ubone ukungena ngemvume kwi-terminal yakho. Kufuneka uhlawule ukubuyela ukuze ufumane ingqwalasela yesigxina.
mgetty
"M" imele imodem. Le nkqubo ngokuyinhloko iimodemu kwaye phakathi kowama-2000 iya kufuna ukuyibuyisela ukuyisebenzisela i-terminals-terminals (ngaphandle kokuba usebenzise i-hardware flow control control - kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo idinga ikhebula elenziwe ngesandla). Kuba amaxwebhu axhomekeke ngqo kwii-terminals zibona kwicandelo "elizodwa" le ncwadana: mgetty.texi.
Khangela imigca yokugqibela ye / /etc/mgetty/mgetty.config umzekelo wokumisela ukuphela kwesigxina. Ngaphandle kokuba uthe "u-toggle-dtr" ayiyi kucinga ukuba unemodem kwaye uyayiphonsa (ukungenzi) i-PIN ye-DTR kwiPC ngokungenangqiqo yokulungisa kwakhona i-modem engekhoyo. Ngokwahlukileyo kwamanye ama-gottys, i-mgetty ayiyi kuzinamathela kwisigxina ade umntu alahle nayiphi na isitshixo saloo sigxina ngoko uya kubona? ngenxa yesiphelo kwi- top okanye kwi- ps kude kube njalo. Izigodo kwi / var / log / mgetty / zingabonisa imiyalezo emilumkiso embalwa esetyenziswa kuphela kwiimodem ongayihoywa.
Nasi umzekelo wendlela elula oyifaka kwi / etc / inittab:
s1: 23: i-respawn: / sbin / mgetty-ttyS1