Intshayelelo
Kukho idayemon e-Linux ebizwa ngekron esetyenziselwa ukuqhuba iinkqubo ngezikhathi eziqhelekileyo.
Indlela okwenza ngayo oku kukujonga iifolda ezithile kwindlela yakho yezikripthi ukuqhuba. Umzekelo kukho ifolda ethi /etc/cron.hourly, /etc/cron.daily, /etc/cron.weekly kunye /etet/cron.monthly. Kukho ifayile ebizwa ngokuba / etc / crontab.
Ngokungagqibekanga unokwenza nje ukubeka iempendulo kwiifolda ezifanelekileyo ukwenzela ukuba ziqhube ixesha eliqhelekileyo.
Umzekelo vula ifowuni yokuphela (ngokucinezela i-CTRL, ALT kunye ne-T) kwaye usebenzise umyalelo we-ls alandelayo:
ls / njl / ikron *
Uza kubona uluhlu lweeprogram okanye izikripthi ezisebenza ngeyure, imihla ngemihla, ngeveki kunye nenyanga.
Inkathazo ngala mafolda kukuba ayinto engacacanga. Umzekelo imihla ngemihla ithetha ukuba iskripthi siza kusebenza kamini kodwa awukwazi ukulawula ixesha eliza kusebenza ngalolo suku.
Yilapho ifayile ye-crontab ifika khona.
Ngokuhlela ifayile ye-crontab ungayifumana iskripthi okanye inkqubo yokusebenza ngomhla ochanekileyo kunye nexesha ofuna ukuba liqhube. Ngokomzekelo mhlawumbi ufuna ukugcina iifayile zakho rhoqo ebusuku ngo-6 ntambama.
Izimvume
Umyalelo we-crontab ufuna ukuba umsebenzisi unemvume yokuhlela ifayile ye-crontab. Kukho iifayile ezimbini ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula iimvume ze-crontab:
- /etc/cron.allow
- /etc/cron.deny
Ukuba ifayile /etc/cron.allow ikhona ngoko umsebenzisi ofuna ukuhlela ifayile ye-crontab kufuneka ibe kwifayile. Ukuba ifayile ye-cron.allow ayikho kodwa ikhowudi ye / /etc/cron.deny ke umsebenzisi makangabi khona kule fayile.
Ukuba zombini iifayile zikhona ke / /etc/cron.allow ngaphezu kwefayile ye /etc/cron.deny.
Ukuba akukho fayile ikhona ngoko kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yoqwalaselo ukuba umsebenzisi unokuhlela i-crontab.
Umsebenzisi wengcambu unokuhlala ehlela ifayile ye-crontab. Ungasebenzisa umyalelo we-su ukutshintshela kumsebenzisi wengcambu okanye umyalelo wesudo ukuqhuba umyalelo we-crontab.
Ukuhlela I-Crontab File
Umsebenzisi ngamnye onemvume unokudala ifayile yakhe ye-crontab. Umyalelo we-cron ngokusemthethweni ubheka ubukho beefayili ezininzi ze-crontab kwaye uhamba nabo bonke.
Ukujonga ukuba unayo ifayile ye-crontab isebenze umyalelo olandelayo:
i-crontab -l
Ukuba awunayo ifayile ye-crontab umyalezo "akukho nkontila ye Ukudala okanye ukuhlela ifayile ye-crontab isebenze lo myalelo olandelayo: i-crontab -e Ngokungagqibekanga ukuba akukho mshicileli ongagqibekanga kwaye uya kucelwa ukuba ukhethe umhleli ongasetyenziswayo. Ngomntu ndiyakuthanda ukusebenzisa i- nano njengento eqonde ngqo ekusebenziseni kwaye iyagijima kwi-terminal. Ifayili evulekileyo inolwazi oluninzi kodwa inxalenye ebalulekileyo ngumzekelo nje ngaphambi kokuphela kwecandelo lamagqabaza (amazwana achazwe ngemigca eqala nge #). # mh dom mon dow umyalelo 0 5 * * 1 i-tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz / ikhaya / Kukho iingcezu zengcaciso ezi-6 ezifanelekileyo kumgca ngamnye wefayile ye-crontab: Kwimpahla nganye (ngaphandle komyalelo) ungacacisa umlinganisi we-wildcard. Khangela umzekelo woluhlu lwekhontab: 30 18 * * I-tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz / ikhaya / Oko umyalelo ongentla ungasentla kumzuzu engama-30, iiyure ezingama-18 kunye naluphi na usuku, inyanga kunye nosuku lweveki uqhuba umyalelo kwi- zip uze ulandele i-home directory kwi-folder / var / backups ifolda. Ukufumana umyalelo wokuba usebenze kwimitha engama-30 edlulileyo nganye ngeyure ndikwazi ukuqhuba umyalelo olandelayo: 30 * * * * umyalelo Ukuze ufumane umyalelo wokusebenza nganye ngomzuzu owe-6 ngomzuzu, ndiyakwazi ukuqhuba umyalelo olandelayo: * * * Umyalelo Ngoko ke kufuneka uqaphele ngokuseka imiyalelo yakho ye-crontab. Njengokuba: * * * 1 * umyalelo Umyalelo olapha ngentla uza kuhamba nganye ngomzuzu nganye kwiyure yonke imihla nganye ngeveki ngoJanuwari. Ndiyathandabuza ukuba yintoni ofuna. Ukuqhuba umyalelo ngomhla we-5 ngomhlaka-1 kuJanuwari uza kuba ngumyalelo olandelayo kwifayile ye-crontab: 0 5 1 1 * umyalelo Uninzi lwexesha awuyi kufuna ukususa ifayile ye-crontab kodwa unokufuna ukususa ezinye iifayile kwifayile ye-crontab. Nangona kunjalo ukuba ufuna ukususa ifayile ye-crontab yakho yomsebenzisi isebenze umyalelo olandelayo: i-crontab -r Indlela ekhuselekileyo yokwenza oku ukuqhuba umyalelo olandelayo: crontab -i Oku kubuza umbuzo "ngaba uqinisekile?" phambi kokususa ifayile yekontabha. Indlela yokususa i-Crontab File