Amanethiwekhi asekhompyutha asebenzisa ubugcisa obuninzi obandakanya amanani. Ezinye zezi manani (kunye namaqela amanani) aneenjongo ezikhethekileyo. Ukufunda ukuba yintoni le "manani omlingo" athetha ngayo unokukunceda kakhulu ukuba uqonde uluhlu olubanzi lweengcombolo zomnatha kunye nemiba.
1, 6 no-11
Iinqununu ezingenazintambo ze-Wi-Fi zisebenza kumabindi athile aqhelekileyo abizwa ngamashaneli . Imigangatho ye-Wi-Fi yasekuqaleni isebenzise isethi yeziteshi ezibhalwe ku-1 ukuya kwe-14 kunye nezinye iziteshi ezinamaqela aqokelelweyo. Iziteshi 1, 6 kunye ne-11 ziphela zendlela ezingabambwanga kunye nale ndlela. Abalawuli beekhredithi basekhaya be-Wireless abangenaselula bangasebenzisa amanqaku akhethekileyo xa beqwalasela amanethiwekhi abo e-Wi-Fi njengendlela yokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwesigxina nabamelwane babo. Kaninzi "
2.4 kunye no-5
Iinqununu ze-Wi-Fi ziphantse kuphela zigijime ngaphaya kweengxenye ezimbini zesitampu se-wireless, enye kufuphi ne-2.4 GHz kunye nezinye eziseduze ne-5 GHz. Ibhande le-2.4 GHz lixhasa iziteshi ezili-14 (njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla) ngelixa ibhande le-5 GHz lixhasa ezininzi. Nangona ininzi ye-Wi-Fi igxininisa uhlobo oluthile okanye olunye, oko kuthiwa izixhobo ezingenazintambo ezingenazintambo zibandakanya zombini iindidi zee-radios ezivumela ukuba isixhobo esisodwa sidibanise ngokufanayo kwiindidi zombini. Kaninzi "
5-4-3-2-1
Abafundi kunye nabaqeqeshi bafundiswa ngokuqhelekileyo ulawulo lwe-5-4-3 loyilo lwenethiwekhi ukubanceda basebenze ngeengcinga eziphambili zezobugcisa ezifana nezizinda zokudibanisa kunye nokulibaziseka kokusabalalisa. Kaninzi "
10 (kunye no-100 no-1000)
Inani lezinga eliphezulu lolwazi lwee-intanethi ze- Ethernet amanethiwekhi ngama-megabits ayi-10 ngesibini (Mbps). Njengoko lobu bugcisa bezobugcisa bubekwe phambili ngee-1990s kunye nama-2000, amanxibelelwano e-Fast Ethernet axhasa i-100 Mbps abe ngumgangatho ophezulu, olandelwa yiGigabit Ethernet kwi-1000 Mbps. Kaninzi "
11 (no-54)
Iqondo eliphezulu lolwazi lwee-intanethi zangaphambili ze-Wi-Fi zasekhaya ezisekelwe kwi- 802.11b yayingu-11 Mbps. Iinguqu ye- 802.11g elandelayo ye-Wi-Fi yenyusa eli nqanaba kuma-54 Mbps. Namhlanje, ukuhamba kwe-Wi-Fi ye-150 Mbps kunye nephezulu kunokwenzeka. Kaninzi "
13
I- Domain Name System (DNS) ilawula amagama ekarhulumente ye-intanethi kwihlabathi. Ukunyuka kuloo nqanaba, i-DNS isebenzisa iqoqo elizimeleyo lamaseva eenkcukacha. Kwiingcambu zolawulo oluphezulu luhlala kwi-13 ye-DNS iisesebhu zeeseva ezibizwa ngokuthi 'A' nge 'M' Kaninzi "
80 (no-8080)
Kwi-networking ye-TCP / IP , iiphelo zokugqibela zendlela zonxibelelwano zilawulwa ngeenkqubo zeenombolo zeefowuni . I-80 iyinombolo yefowuni eqhelekileyo esetyenziswe ngamaseva weWebhu ukufumana izicelo ezingenayo ze- HTTP kwiiWebhsayithi kunye nabanye abaxhasi. Iimeko ezithile zeWebhu ezinjengeenjineli zokuvavanya ingunjineli zisebenzisa kwakhona i-port 8080 ngqungquthela njengenye indlela ukuya ku-80 ukukhusela izithintelo zobuchwephesha ekusebenziseni amachweba angaphantsi kwamanani kwiinkqubo ze Linux / Unix. Kaninzi "
127.0.0.1
I-adapters yomnxibelelwano yintlanganiso isebenzisa le dilesi ye-IP ye "loopback" - indlela ekhethekileyo yokunxibelelana evumela idivaysi ukuba ithumele imiyalezo. Iiinjini zivame ukusebenzisa le ndlela ukukunceda ukuvavanya izixhobo zonxibelelwano kunye nezicelo. Kaninzi "
192.168.1.1
Idilesi ye-IP yangasese yenziwe idumile kwimindeni ngee- routers zasekhaya ezisetyenzisiweyo ukusuka kwi-Linksys kunye nabanye abakhiqizi abayikhethile (ukusuka phakathi kweqela elikhulu lamanani) njengoko umbane ongafaniyo nomlawuli ungena. Olunye oluqhelekileyo lwee-IP zamakheli ze-router ziquka 192.168.0.1 kunye no- 192.168.2.1 . Kaninzi "
255 (kunye neFF)
I- byte enye yedatha yekhompyutheni inokugcina i-256 ixabiso elithile. Ngendibano, iikhomputha zisebenzisa ii -tes ukumela amanani phakathi kwe-0 no-255. Inkqubo yokudibanisa i-IP ilandelayo kwindibano, usebenzisa amanani anjenge- 255.255.255.0 njengama-network masks. Ku- IPv6 , ifom ye- hexadecimal ye-255 - FF - nayo inxalenye yesikimu sokudibanisa. Kaninzi "
500
Ezinye iimpazamo eziphosakeleyo eziboniswe kwisiphequluli sewebhu zixhunywe kwiikhowudi zeephutha zeHTTP . Phakathi kwezi, i-HTTP impazamo ye-404 iyona eyaziwayo, kodwa loo nto ibangelwa yimicimbi yeprogram yewebhu kunokuba uxhumano lwenethiwekhi. I-HTTP 500 yiyo ikhowudi yephutha evele yenziwa xa umncedisi weWebhu engakwazi ukuphendula izicelo zeenethwekhi ezivela kumxhasi, nangona iiposenti ezingama-502 kunye ne-503 nazo zinokuthi zenzeke kwiimeko ezithile. Kaninzi "
802.11
I-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ilawula intsapho yeenethiwekhi ezingenazintambo ngaphantsi kwenombolo "802.11." Iimilinganiselo zokuqala ze-Wi-Fi ezingama- 802.11a kunye ne-802.11b zavunyelwanga ngo-1999, zilandelwa ziinguqulelo ezintsha ezintsha ziquka i-802.11g, i- 802.11n kunye no- 802.11ac . Kaninzi "
49152 (ukuya ku-65535)
Izinombolo zeenombolo ze-TCP kunye ne-UDP eziqala ngo-49152 zibizwa ngokuba ngamachwephelo ashukumisayo , amashishini abucala okanye amachwep ephemeral . Iiphakheji ezinamandla azilawulwa yiyo nawuphi na umbutho olawulayo njengo- IANA kwaye akukho zithintelo zokusetyenziswa ezikhethekileyo. IiNkonzo zithatha enye iirekhodi okanye iindawo ezininzi ezingenasiphelo esikuloluhlu xa zifuna ukwenza i-multithreaded socket communications.