Le khokelo ichaza iteknoloji emva kwe- Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi (IP) . Kwalabo abanomdla kwiinkalo zobugcisa, yeba kulandelayo:
- Ukusebenza ngeeNkcukacha ze IP
IPv4 ne IPv6
I-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi (IP) yaphuhliswa ngawo-1970 ukuxhasa ezinye iinkqubo zokuqala zekhompyutha . Namhlanje, i-IP ibe ngumgangatho wehlabathi wonxibelelwano lwekhaya kunye nezoshishino. Ii-routers zethu zenethiwekhi , i- Web browsers , iinkqubo ze-imeyile, isofthiwe ye-imeyli esheshayo-zonke zixhomekeka kwi-IP okanye ezinye iiprotokholi ze-network ezicatshulwa phezulu kwe- IP .
Iinguqu ezimbini ze-IP ubukho namhlanje. Amanethiwekhi ekhompyutheni yasekhaya asebenzisa i-IP version 4 (IPv4), kodwa amanye amanxibelelwano, ngokukodwa abo kumaziko emfundo nophando, athathe isizukulwana esilandelayo IP version 6 (IPv6).
IPv4 Ukubhekiselele kwiNkcazo
Idilesi ye-IPv4 inee-byte ezine (32 bits). Ezi zinyana ziyaziwa nangokuthiwa ii-octet .
Ngeenjongo zokufunda, abantu basebenza ngeefowuni ze-IP kwinqaku elibizwa ngokuba lidasta elide . Le nqaku libeka ixesha phakathi kweenombolo ezine (ii-octets) ezibandakanya idilesi ye-IP. Umzekelo, idilesi ye-IP apho ikhompyutha zibona
- 00001010 00000000 00000000 00000001
ibhaliwe kwisigqithiso esicacisiweyo njengoko
- 10.0.0.1
Ngenxa yokuba i-byte nganye iqukethe iibhitithi ezili-8, nganye i-octet kwiidilesi ze-IP kwixabiso ukusuka ekungenani ubuncinane kwi-0 ukuya kwi-255. Ngoko ke, uluhlu olupheleleyo lwee-IP zivela kwi- 0.0.0.0 ukuya ku- 255.255.255.255 . Oku kubonisa inani elingu-4,294,967,296 idilesi ze IP.
IPv6 Ukubhekiselele kwiNkcazo
Iilwimi ze-IP ziguquka kakhulu nge IPv6. Iiplani ze-IPv6 zi-16 bytes (128 bits) ubude kunokuba ezine i-bytes (32 bits). Ubukhulu obukhulu bubonisa ukuba i-IPv6 isekela ngaphezu koku
- 300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
dilesi! Njengokuba inani elinyukayo leefowuni kunye nabanye abathengi ngekhompyutha bawandise amandla abo ekunxibelelaneni kwaye bafuna iidilesi zabo, i-IPv4 idilesi yedilesi encinci iya kugqitywa kwaye i-IPv6 ibe yimfuneko.
Iiplani ze-IPv6 zibhaliswe ngokubanzi kwifom elandelayo:
- hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh
Kule nkcazo epheleleyo , iimbini ze-IPv6 bytes zihlukaniswe ngekoloni kwaye i-byte ngayinye ephendulekayo imelwa njengombini weenombolo ze- hexadecimal , njengale mzekelo olandelayo:
- E3D7: 0000: 0000: 0000: 51F4: 9BC8: C0A8: 6420
Njengoko kuboniswe ngasentla, i-IPv6 dilesi iqulethe ii-byte ezininzi ngexabiso elisezantsi. Ukwaziswa okufutshane kwi-IPv6 kususa ezi zixabiso kwiimpawu zokubhaliweyo (nangona i-otes isabakho kwidilesi yenethwekhi yangempela) ngolu hlobo:
- E3D7 :: 51F4: 9BC8: C0A8: 6420
Ekugqibeleni, ezininzi iilwimi ze- IPv6 iithalesi zandiso lwee IPv4. Kule meko, ii-bytes ezine eziphambili zedilesi ye- IPv6 (i-right-byte pairs) zingabhalwa kwakhona kwi-IPv4 notation. Ukuguqula umzekelo ongentla apha ukudibanisa isivuno
- E3D7 :: 51F4: 9BC8: 192.168.100.32
Iiplani ze-IPv6 zingabhalwa kuyo nayiphi na into epheleleyo, emfutshane okanye edibeneyo eboniswe ngasentla.